Abstract ICTMS Submission

CHARACTERIZATION OF THE HYDROMECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF SANDSTONES THROUGH
IN-SITU TRIAXIAL TESTING WITH X-RAY AND NEUTRON TOMOGRAPHY

Vieira Lima F. A. L.*1, Hall S. A. 1, Engqvist J1. , Tudisco E1., Woracek R. 2, Tengattini A. 3,4, Couture C. 3
1
Department of Construction Sciences, Lund University, 2 European Spallation Source (ESS), 3 Institute Laue-
Langevin (ILL) 4Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, 3SR,
*Speaker: fernando.vieira_lima@solid.lth.se
1. Introduction (pumping D2O into the H2O-saturated sample) was
A better understanding of localized deformation and also monitored with neutron radiography. Digital
heterogeneities of rocks and their effect on fluid Volume Correlation (DVC) was performed with the
flow is essential for multiple fields. Recent advances code SPAM [2] over different deformation stages
in 3D imaging with x-rays and neutrons have and fluid percolation was analyzed in 3D in the rapid
enabled significant progress on this challenge, and neutron tomography images.
dedicated instruments now allow for simultaneous 3. Results and Conclusion
imaging from x-rays and neutron sources, enabling DVC results reveal the formation of localized
the advantages of the best attributes of each deformation (in the form of a shear band) along with
modality to be exploited [1]. X-ray and neutron axial compression. In terms of bulk measurements,
tomography data were gathered during in-situ both samples presented dilation. In contrast,
coupled triaxial-permeability tests to better volumetric strain fields from DVC show that, after
comprehend the micro-scale hydromechanical failure, some sample regions experienced dilation
couplings in a porous rock and their connection to while others experienced compaction (Figure 1(c)). A
macroscopic observations obtained at the sample relationship was found between the development of
boundaries. bulk permeability and the flow path in the sample.
2. Materials and Methods The first sample's shear band formed in line with the
Two coupled triaxial-permeability tests were initial flow path, increasing bulk permeability
performed on Idaho Gray sandstone samples in-situ throughout the test. Conversely, the second
at the NeXT instrument at the ILL. A confining sample's permeability first decreased during a
pressure of 1 MPa was used and the compression change in the percolation path and later increased
occurred at a constant displacement rate of 1 μm/s. after the sample failure. Comparison of hydraulic
Sample volume changes were also measured. The parameters obtained from percolation with different
loading of the first sample took place in 3 steps, flow rates suggested that the flow path and the bulk
while the compression of the second sample in just permeability are dependent on the hydraulic
2 steps. Neutron tomography data were acquired at gradient (Figure 1(a-b)).
the initial condition and for each stage, generating 4. References
3D images with cubic voxels of 43 µm width. X-ray [1] A. Tengattini et al., DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.
tomography data were acquired at the initial and 2020.163939.
last stages of sample 2, generating 3D images with [2] O. Stamati et al., doi: 10.21105/joss.02286.
cubic voxels of 55 µm width. Permeability tests were
performed on samples saturated with heavy water
(D2O) by percolating distilled water (H2O). Fluid
pressure was measured on both sides of the sample,
and the flow rate (fr) of 0.07 ml/min was imposed by
a syringe pump, making it possible to determine the
bulk permeability. During each permeability test,
neutron tomography data were acquired rapidly
with an acquisition time of 1 minute, generating 3D
images with 170 µm voxel size. The lower neutron
Figure 1. (a) Radiography of D2O infiltration, fr = 4ml/min; (b)
attenuation of heavy water, compared to "light" Slice of tomography of H2O infiltration (same angle of (a)), fr =
water, enabled the tracking of fluid fronts in a state 0.07 min/min; (c) Volume strain field
close to single-phase. The "cleaning process"

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CHARACTERIZATION OF THE HYDROMECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF SANDSTONES THROUGH

IN-SITU TRIAXIAL TESTING WITH X-RAY AND NEUTRON TOMOGRAPHY

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