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    Subham dey
    This document covers fundamental concepts of C++ programming including object-oriented principles, data types, operators, and input/output operations. It discusses the core OOP concepts of encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. It also outlines the basic and derived data types in C++ as well as arithmetic, relational, logical, and other common operators. Finally, it provides examples of using operators to perform basic calculations and input/output functions for reading from and writing to files or streams.

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    C

    Uploaded by

    Subham dey
    11 views2 pages
    This document covers fundamental concepts of C++ programming including object-oriented principles, data types, operators, and input/output operations. It discusses the core OOP concepts of encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. It also outlines the basic and derived data types in C++ as well as arithmetic, relational, logical, and other common operators. Finally, it provides examples of using operators to perform basic calculations and input/output functions for reading from and writing to files or streams.

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    This document covers fundamental concepts of C++ programming including object-oriented principles, data types, operators, and input/output operations. It discusses the core OOP concepts of encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. It also outlines the basic and derived data types in C++ as well as arithmetic, relational, logical, and other common operators. Finally, it provides examples of using operators to perform basic calculations and input/output functions for reading from and writing to files or streams.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    11 views2 pages

    C

    Uploaded by

    Subham dey
    This document covers fundamental concepts of C++ programming including object-oriented principles, data types, operators, and input/output operations. It discusses the core OOP concepts of encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. It also outlines the basic and derived data types in C++ as well as arithmetic, relational, logical, and other common operators. Finally, it provides examples of using operators to perform basic calculations and input/output functions for reading from and writing to files or streams.

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    1.

    **Basic concepts of OOP (Object-Oriented Programming):**


    - **Encapsulation:** Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit called
    an object.
    - **Inheritance:** Ability to create new classes based on existing ones, inheriting their attributes
    and behaviors.
    - **Polymorphism:** Ability of objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common
    superclass, allowing methods to be invoked on them interchangeably.
    - **Abstraction:** Process of hiding the implementation details and showing only the essential
    features of an object.
    - **Classes and Objects:** Classes define the blueprint for creating objects, which are instances of
    classes.
    2. **Advantages, disadvantages, and applications of OOP:**
    - **Advantages:** Modularity, reusability, extensibility, code organization, easier maintenance,
    and better problem-solving approach.
    - **Disadvantages:** Complexity, overhead, potential performance issues, and the need for
    understanding of concepts.
    - **Applications:** Widely used in software development for building large-scale systems,
    including web applications, desktop applications, mobile apps, and games.

    3. **Data types in C++:**


    - **Primitive Data Types:** Integers (int, short, long), Floating-point numbers (float, double),
    Characters (char), Boolean (bool).
    - **Derived Data Types:** Arrays, Pointers, References.
    - **User-defined Data Types:** Classes, Structures, Enumerations, Unions.

    4. **Operators in C++:**
    - **Arithmetic Operators:** Addition (+), Subtraction (-), Multiplication (*), Division (/), Modulus
    (%).
    - **Relational Operators:** Equality (==), Inequality (!=), Greater than (>), Less than (<), Greater
    than or equal to (>=), Less than or equal to (<=).
    - **Logical Operators:** AND (&&), OR (||), NOT (!).
    - **Assignment Operators:** Assignment (=), Addition and assignment (+=), Subtraction and
    assignment (-=), Multiplication and assignment (*=), Division and assignment (/=).
    - **Increment and Decrement Operators:** Increment (++), Decrement (--).
    - **Bitwise Operators:** AND (&), OR (|), XOR (^), Shift left (<<), Shift right (>>).
    5. **IO functions of C++:**
    - **Input Functions:** `cin`, `getline()`, `get()`, `read()`.
    - **Output Functions:** `cout`, `put()`, `write()`.
    - **Formatted Input/Output:** `setw()`, `setprecision()`, `setfill()`, `endl`, `setw()`.
    - **File Input/Output:** `ifstream`, `ofstream`, `fstream`.

    6. **Input output statements of C++:**


    - **Input:** Reading data from the user or files using input streams (`cin`, file input).
    - **Output:** Displaying data to the user or writing data to files using output streams (`cout`, file
    output).

    7. **Sums based on operators:**


    - Example 1: Calculate the sum of two numbers using arithmetic operators.
    - Example 2: Check if a number is even or odd using modulus operator.
    - Example 3: Find the maximum of two numbers using ternary operator.
    - Example 4: Swap two numbers using bitwise XOR operator.
    - Example 5: Calculate the area of a rectangle using multiplication operator.

    These topics cover fundamental concepts of programming in C++, including OOP principles, data
    types, operators, and input/output operations. If you need further clarification on any topic or want
    to delve deeper into specific examples, feel free to ask!

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