ASSERTION AND REASON QUESTIONS

CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS

Q.1. Assertion(A): Carbon is the only element that can form large number of compounds.
Reason (R) : Carbon is tetravalent and shows the property of catenation.
Answer(d)
Q.2. Assertion(A): If the first member of a homologous series is methanal, its third member
will be propanal.
Reason (R) : All the members of a homologous series show similar chemical properties.
Answer(b)
Q.3. Assertion(A): Diamond and graphite are allotropes of carbon.
Reason (R): Some elements can have several different structural forms while in the same
physical state. These forms are called allotropes.
Answer(a)
Q.4. Assertion(A): Soaps are not suitable for washing purpose when water is hard.
Reason (R): Soaps have relatively weak cleansing action.
Answer(b)
Q.5. Assertion(A): Carbon compounds can form chain, branched and ring structures.
Reason (R): Carbon exhibits the property of catenation.
Answer(a)
Q.6. Assertion (A): Carbon monoxide is extremely poisonous in nature.
Reason (R): Carbon monoxide is formed by complete combustion of carbon.
Answer(c)
Q.7. Assertion (A): Cooking oil decolourises bromine water.
Reason (R): Cooking oil is a saturated compound.
Answer(b)
Q.8. Assertion (A): In a candle, wax vapours burn in sufficient supply of oxygen, which
leads to blue flame.
Reason (R) : When the oxygen supply is sufficient, then fuels burn completely producing a
blue flame.
Answer(a)
Q.9. Assertion (A): Alkanes give addition reaction.
Reason (R): Addition reactions are a characteristic property of unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Answer(d)
Q.10. Assertion(A): n-butane and iso-butane are examples of isomers.
Reason (R): Isomerism is possible only with hydrocarbons having 4 or more carbon atoms.
Answer(b)
Q.11. Assertion(A): Saturated hydrocarbons are chemically less reactive.
Reason (R): All the valences of carbon atom are satisfied by single covalent bonds.
Answer(a)
Q.12. Assertion(A): Diamond and graphite do not have the same crystal structure.
Reason (R): Diamond is crystalline while graphite is amorphous.
Ans. (c)
Q.13. Assertion(A): Graphite is soft and slippery to touch.
Reason (R): Graphite has sheet like layered structure.
Answer(a)
Q.14. Assertion(A): Both aldehydes and ketones contain carbonyl group.
Reason (R): In aldehydes, the functional group is attached to atleast one hydrogen atom.
Ans. (b)
Q.15. Assertion(A): In alkanes, alkenes and alkynes the valency of carbon is always four.
Reason (R): All hydrocarbons except alkanes contain double bonds.
Answer(c)
Q.16. Assertion(A): Graphite is a good conductor of electricity.
Reason (R): It has one free valence electron.
Ans. (a)
Q.17. Assertion(A): The functional group present in alcohols is – OH.
Reason (R): It is the same group as present in water, hence water and alcohol have similar
properties.
Ans. (c)
Q.18. Assertion(A): Ethanol is first member of the alcohol homologous series.
Reason (R): A homologous series can be represented by a general formula.
Ans. (d)
Q.19. Assertion(A): Carbon and its compounds can be used as fuels.
Reason (R): They are highly inflammable and have high calorific value.
Ans. (a)
Q.20. Assertion(A): Covalent compounds are generally poor conductor of electricity.
Reason (R): They consist of molecules and not ions which can transfer charge.
Ans. (a)
Q.21. Assertion(A): Diamond is not good conductor of electricity.
Reason: It has no free electrons.
Ans. (a)
Q.22. Assertion(A): Olefins have the general formula CnH2n+1
Reason (R): There is at least one double bond between two carbon atoms in their molecules.
Ans. (d)
Q.23. Assertion(A): Carbon possesses property of catenation.
Reason (R): Carbon atoms form double as well as triple bonds during catenation.
Ans. (b)
Q.24. Assertion(A): Two members of a homologous series have similar chemical properties.
Reason (R): Propane and butane are members of same homologous series.
Ans. (b)
Q.25. Assertion(A): Diamond is the hardest natural known substance.
Reason (R): Diamond is used for cutting marble, granite and glass.
Ans. (b)

METALS AND NON-METALS

Q.1. Assertion (A): Hydrogen gas is not evolved when a metal reacts with nitric acid.
Reason (R): Nitric acid is a strong oxidising agent.
Answer(a)
Q.2. Assertion (A): Highly reactive metals are obtained by electrolytic reduction.
Reason (R): In the electrolytic reduction, metal is deposited at the cathode.
Answer(b)
Q.3. Assertion (A): Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.
Reason (R) : Alloys are heterogeneous mixture of metals with other metals and non-metals.
Answer(c)
Q.4. Assertion (A) : Zinc oxide is amphoteric in nature.
Reason (R): Zinc oxide reacts with both acids and bases.
Answer(a)
Q.5. Assertion (A) : Magnesium chloride is an ionic compound.
Reason (R) : Metals and non-metals react by mutual transfer of electrons.
Answer(a)
Q.6. Assertion (A): Zinc can easily displace copper on reacting with a solution of copper
sulphate.
Reason (R) : Copper is more reactive metal as compared to Zinc.
Answer(c)
Q.7. Assertion (A): Zinc carbonate is heated strongly in presence of air to form zinc oxide
and carbon dioxide.
Reason (R): Calcination is the process in which a carbonate ore is heated strongly in the
absence of air to convert into metal oxide.
Answer(d)
Q.8. Assertion (A): Zinc becomes dull in moist air.
Reason (R): Zinc is coated by a thin film of its basic carbonate in moist air.
Answer(a)
Q.9. Assertion (A): Mg Cl, is a covalent compound.
Reason (R): Mg Cl, is a good conductor of electricity in molten state.
Answer(d)
Q.10. Assertion (A): Anodising is a method to prevent metal from corrosion.
Reason (R) : Anodising is a process of coating iron with a layer of zinc.
Answer(c)
Q.11. Assertion: The reaction of calcium with water is less violent in comparison to that of
sodium.
Reason: The heat evolved is not sufficient for the hydrogen to catch fire.
Answer(a)
Q.12. Assertion: C and N do not react with dil. HCl and dil. H2SO4.
Reason: Metals do not react with dil. HCl and dil. H2SO4.
Answer(c) Metals react with dilute HCl and dil. H2SO4. Non-metals do not react with dilute
acids.
Q.13. Assertion: Copper displaces silver from silver nitrate solution.
Reason: Copper is more reactive than silver.
Answer(a)
Q.14. Assertion: Aluminium oxide and zinc oxide are acidic in nature.
Reason: Amphoteric nature means that substance have both acidic and basic character

Answer d) Aluminium and zinc oxides are amphoteric in nature.

Q.15. Assertion: Different metals have different reactivities with water and dilute acids.
Reason: Reactivity of a metal depends on its position in the reactivity series.
Answer(a) The metals placed at the top of the series are most reactive.
Q.16. Assertion: Iron is the most widely used metal. But it is never used in its pure state.
Reason: Pure iron is very soft and stretches easily when hot.
Answer(a)
Q.17. Assertion: Gold occurs in native state.
Reason: Gold is a reactive metal.
Answer(c) Gold is a noble metal.
Q.18. Assertion: The property of beating a metal into sheets is called ductility.
Reason: Gold and silver are most malleable metals.
Answer(d) The property of beating a metal into sheets is called malleability.
Q.19. Assertion : Silver and gold do not react with oxygen even at high temperatures.
Reason: Silver and gold are less active metals.
Answer(a)
Q.20. Assertion : The oxides of sulphur and phosphorus are acidic in nature.
Reason: Metal oxides are basic in nature.
Answer(b) Sulphur and phosphorous are non-metals. Non-metals form either acidic or neutral
oxides.
Q.21. Assertion : MgO exists in liquid state.
Reason: The electrostatic forces of attraction between Mg2+ and 02- ions constitute ionic
bond.
Answer(d) MgO exists in solid state.
Q.22. Assertion : On reacting with water, calcium starts floating over water.
Reason: Calcium reacts with cold water at room temperature.
Answer(b) calcium floats over water because the bubbles of hydrogen gas formed get stick to
the surface of the water.
Q.23. Assertion: Electro valency of Na is +1.
Reason: The number of electrons which an atom either loses or gains in the formation of an
ionic bond is known as its valency.
Answer(a)
Q.24. Assertion: The arrangement of metals in order of decreasing reactivities is called
reactivity series.
Reason: Metals at the top of series are very reactive and metals at the bottom are least
reactive.
Answer(b) Metals at the top of the series are very reactive and therefore, they do not occur free in
nature. The metals at the bottom of the series are least reactive and therefore, they normally occur
free in nature.

Q.25. Assertion: Non-metals are electronegative in nature.

Reason: They have tendency to lose electrons.
Answer(c) Non-metals have a tendency to gain electrons.
Q.26. Assertion: Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points.
Reason: A large amount of energy is required to break the strong inter-ionic attraction in
ionic compounds.
Answer(a)
Q.27. Assertion: Metals in general have very high melting and boiling points.
Reason: Metals have the strongest chemical bonds which are metallic in nature.
Answer(a)
Q.28. Assertion: Metals generally act as reducing agents.
Reason: The reducing character is expressed in terms of electron releasing tendency.
Answer(b) Metals have a strong tendency to lose electrons and hence they behave as reducing
agents.
Q.29. Assertion: Magnesium reacts with oxygen upon heating and burns brightly to form
magnesium oxide.
Reason: Magnesium oxide is basic in nature.
Answer(b) Metals react with oxygen to form metal oxides which are basic in nature.
Q.30. Assertion: Bromine cannot displace chlorine from its salt solution.
Reason: Chlorine is more reactive than bromine.
Answer(a)

ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS

Q.1. Assertion (A): The acid must always be added to water with constant stirring.
Reason (R): Mixing of an acid with water decreases the concentration of H+ ions per unit
volume.
Answer(b)
Q.2. Assertion (A): Copper sulphate crystals are wet because it contains water of
crystallisation.
Reason (R) : Water of crystallisation is the fixed number of molecules of water present in
one
formula unit of salt.
Answer(d) The Assertion is false. Copper sulphate is not wet. It is a hydrated salt, as it
contains water molecules.
Q.3. Assertion (A): The aqueous solutions of glucose and alcohol do not show acidic
character.
Reason (R): Aqueous solutions of glucose and alcohol do not give H+ ions.
Answer(a)
Q.4. Assertion (A): HCl gas does not change the colour of dry blue litmus paper.
Reason (R): HCl gas dissolves in the water present in wet litmus paper to form H+ ions.
Answer(a)
Q.5. Assertion (A): Weak acids have low electrical conductivity.
Reason (R): Strong acids and weak acids have equal concentration of hydrogen ions in their
solutions.
Answer(c)
Q.6. Assertion (A): Pure water is neither acidic nor basic.
Reason (R): The pH of a solution is inversely proportional to the concentration of hydrogen
ions in it.
Answer(b)
Q.7. Assertion (A): During electrolysis of concentrated aqueous solution of sodium chloride,
hydrogen is produced at anode and chlorine gas is produced at cathode.
Reason (R): Ions get attracted to oppositely charged electrodes.
Answer(d)
Q.8. Assertion (A): Baking powder is used in making cake instead of using only baking
soda.
Reason (R): Baking powder contains tartaric acid which reacts with sodium carbonate and
removes bitter taste.
Answer(a)
Q.9. Assertion (A): The chemical formula of bleaching powder is CaOCl
Reason (R): Calcium oxide reacts with chlorine to form bleaching powder.
Answer(c)

Q.10. Assertion (A): Plaster of Paris is stored in a moisture proof container.

Reason (R): Plaster of Paris sets into a hard mass on wetting with water to form anhydrous
calcium sulphate.
Answer(c)
Q.11. Assertion (A): The chemical name of bleaching powder is calcium oxychloride.
Reason (R): Bleaching powder is used as an oxidising agent in chemical industries.
Answer: (b)
Q.12. Assertion: The process of dissolving an acid or a base in water is highly exothermic
reaction.
Reason: Water must always be added slowly to acid with constant stirring.
Answer: (c) The process of dissolving an acid or a base in water is highly exothermic
reaction. Acid must always be added slowly to water with constant stirring.
Q.13. Assertion: Phenolphthalein is an acid-base indicator.
Reason: Phenolphthalein gives different colours in acidic and basic medium.
Answer: (a)
Q.14. Assertion: Calcium sulphate hemihydrate, CaSO4.1/2 H20 is called plaster of Paris.
Reason: Plaster of Paris is used for producing moulds for pottery and ceramics and casts of
statues.
Answer: (b)
Q.15. Assertion: pH = 7 signifies pure water.
Reason: pH of acetic acid is greater than 7.
Answer: (c) pH of acetic acid is less than 7.
Q.16. Assertion: HCl is a stronger acid than acetic acid.
Reason: On dissociation, HCl yields lesser hydrogen ions for the same concentration as
compared to acetic
acid.
Answer: (c) On dissociation, HCl yields more hydrogen ions for the same concentration as
compared to acetic acid.
Q.17. Assertion: pH of ammonium nitrate solution is acidic.
Reason: Solution of a salt of weak base and strong acid is acidic.
Answer: (a) Ammonium nitrate is a salt of ammonium hydroxide (weak base) and nitric acid
(strong acid).
Q.18. Assertion: Phosphoric acid is a weak acid.
Reason: Phosphoric acid when dissolved in water dissociates partially and produces very
little H+ ions.
Answer: (a)
Q.19. Assertion: Antacids neutralize the effect of extra acid produced in the stomach during
indigestion and thus provide relief.
Reason: Antacids are mild bases.
Answer: (a)
Q.20. Assertion : Acetic acid does not act as an acid in benzene solution.
Reason: Benzene is non-polar.
Answer: (a) For ionization of an acid, polar solvents (like water) are required. As ionization
does not take place in non-polar solvents (like benzene) so acetic acid does not acts as an
acid.
Q.21. Assertion : Bleaching powder reacts with dilute acids to evolve chlorine.
Reason: The chlorine liberated by the action of dilute acids on bleaching powder is called
available chlorine.
Answer: (b)
Q.22. Assertion : Sodium carbonate pentahydrate is also known as washing soda.
Reason: Chief raw materials for the manufacture of washing soda are NH3, NaCl and CaCO3.
Answer: (d)
Q.23. Assertion: Common salt is used for the preparation of many chemicals such as sodium
hydroxide, bleaching powder, baking soda, washing soda etc.
Reason: Main source of sodium chloride is sea water.
Answer: (b)
Q.24. Assertion: AlCl3 is a basic salt.
Reason: AlCl3 is a salt of strong acid and a weak base.
Answer: (d)
Q.25. Assertion: Baking soda is prepared by chlor-alkali process.
Reason: Brine decomposes to sodium hydroxide on passing electricity through it.
Answer: (d
Q.26. Assertion: Salt of KNO3 is formed by strong base and weak acid.
Reason: Salt of NH4Cl is formed by weak base and strong acid.
Answer: (d)
Q.27. Assertion: Strength of the acid or base decreases with dilution.
Reason: Ionization of an acid or a base increase with dilution.
Answer: (b)
Q.28. Assertion: Higher the H ion concentration, lower is the pH value.
Reason: The pH of a neutral solution=7, that of a basic solution < 7 and that of an acidic
solution > 7.
Answer: (c)
Q.29. Assertion: CH3COOH is used as vinegar in cooking and food preservatives.
Reason: Strong acids are those acids which ionise almost completely in aqueous solution and
hence produce a large amount of H ions.
Answer: (b)
Q.30. Assertion: Tooth decay starts when the pH of the mouth is lower than 5.5.
Reason: Enamel starts corroding below 5.5 p H.
Answer: (a)

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS

.1. Assertion (A): Decomposition of vegetable matter into compost is an example of

exothermic reactions.
Reason (R) : Exothermic reaction are those reactions in which heat is evolved.
Answer(a)
Q.2. Assertion (A): When HCl is added to zinc granules, a chemical reaction occurs.
Reason (R): Evolution of a gas and change in colour indicate that the chemical reaction is
taking place.
Answer(b)
Q.3. Assertion (A): Calcium carbonate when heated gives calcium oxide and water.
Reason (R): On heating calcium carbonate, decomposition reaction takes place.
Answer(d)
Q.4. Assertion (A): Brown fumes are produced when lead nitrate is heated.
Reason (R): Nitrogen dioxide gas is produced as a by-product due to the decomposition of
lead nitrate.
Answer(a)
Q.5. Assertion (A): White silver chloride turns grey in sunlight.
Reason (R): Decomposition of silver chloride in presence of sunlight takes place to form
silver metal and chlorine gas.
Answer(a)
Q.6. Assertion (A): Pungent smelling gas is produced when sulphur burns in air.
Reason (R): Sulphur trioxide is formed on reaction of sulphur with oxygen.
Answer(c)
Q.7. Assertion (A): In a reaction of copper with oxygen, copper serves as a reducing agent.
Reason (R): The substance which gains oxygen in a chemical reaction act as a reducing
agent.
Answer(a)
Q.8. Assertion (A): In electrolysis of water, the volume of hydrogen liberated is twice the
volume of oxygen formed.
Reason (R) : Water (H,0) has hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of 1:2 by volume.
Answer(c)
Q.9. Assertion (A): Corrosion of iron is commonly known as rusting.
Reason (R): Corrosion of iron occurs in presence of water and air.
Answer(b)
Q.10. Assertion (A): The balancing of chemical equations is based on law of conservation of
mass.
Reason (R): Total mass of reactants is equal to total mass of products.
Answer(a)

Q.11. Assertion (A): In a balanced chemical equation, total mass of the reactants is equal to
the total mass of the products.
Reason (R): Mass can neither be created nor destroyed during a chemical change.
Answer(a) This is due to the conservation of mass.
Q.12. Assertion (A): Iron articles are painted so as to prevent them from rusting.
Reason (R): When the surface of iron is coated with paint, its surface does not come in
contact with oxygen and moisture therefore rusting does not take place.
Answer(a)
Q.13. Assertion (A): Chemical reaction changes the physical and chemical state of a
substance.
Reason (R): When electric current is passed through water (liquid), it decomposes to produce
hydrogen and oxygen gases.
Answer(b)
Q.14. Assertion (A): When calcium carbonate is heated, it decomposes to give calcium oxide
and carbon dioxide.
Reason (R): The decomposition reaction takes place on application of heat, therefore, it is an
endothermic reaction.
Answer(b) CaCO3 on heating gives CO2 and Ca O.
Q.15. Assertion (A): Zinc reacts with sulphuric acid to form zinc sulphate and hydrogen gas
and it is a displacement reaction.
Reason (R): Zinc reacts with oxygen to form zinc oxide
Answer(b) Decomposition reaction is a reaction in which a compound breaks down into two
or more simpler substances.
Q.16. Assertion (A): Chips manufacturers usually flush bags of chips with gas such as
nitrogen to prevent the chips from getting oxidised.
Reason (R): This increase the taste ot the chips and helps in their digestion.
Answer(c) Nitrogen being antioxidant prevents the chips from being oxidised.
Q.17. Assertion (A): Exposure of silver chloride to sunlight for a long duration turns grey
due to the formation of silver by decomposition of silver chloride.
Reason (R): In this process, sublimation of silver chloride takes place.
Answer(c)
Q.18. Assertion (A): Rusting of iron metal is the most common form of corrosion.
Reason (R): The effect of rusting of iron can be reversed if they are left open in sunlight.
Answer(c)
Q.19. Assertion (A): Ag Br is used on photographic and X-ray film.
Reason (R): Ag Br is photosensitive and changes to Ag and bromine in presence of sunlight
and undergoes decomposition reaction.
Answer(a) Ag Br is a chemical compound. It is widely used in photography as photographic
emulsions.
Q.20. Assertion (A): Magnesium ribbon keeps on burning in atmosphere of nitrogen.
Reason (R): Magnesium reacts with nitrogen to form magnesium nitride and this reaction is
combination reaction.
Answer(a)
Q.21. Assertion (A): A lead nitrate on thermal decomposition gives lead oxide, brown
coloured nitrogen dioxide and oxygen gas.
Reason (R): Lead nitrate reacts with potassium iodide to form yellow ppt. of lead iodide and
the reaction is double displacement as well as precipitation reaction.
Answer(b)