PANTOGRAPH UNIVERSAL GAS

CUTTING MACHINE

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of

DIPLOMA
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BY

Under the guidance of --- ----------------------------

2005-2006
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS
 CERTIFICATE

Register number:
_________________________

This is to certify that the project report titled “PANTOGRAPH

MILLING MACHINE MACHINE” submitted by the following students for
the award of the degree of bachelor of engineering is record of bonafide work
carried out by them.

Done by

Mr. / Ms_______________________________

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of

Diploma in Mechanical Engineering

During the Year – (2004-2005)

_________________ _______________
Head of Department Guide

Coimbatore –641651.
Date:

Submitted for the university examination held on ___________

_________________ ________________
Internal Examiner External Examiner
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At this pleasing moment of having successfully completed our

project, we wish to convey our sincere thanks and gratitude to the
management of our college and our beloved chairman
…………………………………………………, who provided all the
facilities to us.
We would like to express our sincere thanks to our principal
………………………………………, for forwarding us to do our
project and offering adequate duration in completing our project.
We are also grateful to the Head of Department Prof.
…………………………………….., for her constructive suggestions
& encouragement during our project.

With deep sense of gratitude, we extend our earnest & sincere

thanks to our guide
…………………………………………………….., Department of
Mechanical for her kind guidance & encouragement during this
project.

We also express our indebt thanks to our TEACHING and

NON TEACHING staffs of MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT,……………………….(COLLEGE NAME).
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

PANTOGRAPH MILLING MACHINE

MACHINE
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CONTENTS
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 CONTENTS

CHAPTER PARTICULAR PAGE No.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

1. INTRODUCTION
2. COMPONENTS AND DESCRIPTION
3. ASSEMBLING OF PARTS
4. DESIGN AND DRAWING
5. WORKING PRINCIPLE
6. OPERATING INFORMATION
7. TYPES OF CUTTING
8. INSPECTION
9. SAFETY PRECAUTION
10. MAINTENANCE
11. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
12. APPLICATIONS
13. MODIFICATION AND DEVELOPMENT
14. COST ESTIMATION
15. CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY
PHOTOGRAPHY
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chapter-1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

INTRODUCTION
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

This project namely PANTOGRAPH MILLING MACHINE MACHINE is

designed and fabricated by us is mainly used to mill M.S.billets in to any shapes. It is a
most viable and economic project among the other projects what we have decided to do.
The project has been innovated by means of initiating the various ideas from our project
mates which make us to design and fabricate the machine in a right manner.

This low cost and high valuable equipment which was not available in the market
make create a huge demand if it is introduced to the market. The application of the
project is found to be wider. The machine is simple and compact and is easy to operate.
Even a lay man can understand the principle of this machine and can operate without any
risk.

It is fully manual and hence there is no need for power consumption. Cost of
operation is less which leads to more economical. This kind of machine is used in all
most all fabrication industries where there is a need to cut the M.S. plates which may be
require for various production purposes. Further this machine can be modified and can
be converted in to engraving machines, pantograph copy milling machines by means of
replacing the nozzle by an engraving tool and milling cutters.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chapter-2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

COMPONENTS AND DESCRIPTION

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 CHAPTER-2

COMPONENTS AND DESCRIPTION

The various parts used in this PANTOGRAPH MILLING MACHINE MACHINE

are

1. CROSS FRAME C-STAND

2. CYLINDRICAL COLUMN OR PILLAR

3. MAIN BUSH(TOP,CENTER BUSHES)

4. MAIN ARM

5. MAIN ARM GUIDE LINK

6. MILLING MACHINE HOLDER LINK

7. FRONT LINK

8. TRACER LINK

9. WORK STAND

10. THREADED BUSH

11. STUD

12. TEMPLATES
 13. TEMPLATE STAND AND BUSH

14. TEMPLATE STAND SUPPORTING SCREW ROD AND HANDLE

15. TEMPLATE SCREW ROD BUSH

16. GUIDE PIN

17. TRACER PIN

18. SPRING AND SPRING COLLAR

1. CROSS FRAME C-STAND

The C-frame stand acts as a base for this Pantograph Milling machine machine.
The other parts like cylindrical stand main link etc. are supported by the base. This frame
is made up of mild steel. The length of the channel is 1143mm. The size of the channel
is 75*40*6mm and its weight is 7kg. The various operations involved in manufacturing
these cross section structures are like gas cutting and grinding. The thickness of this mild
steel channel is 6mm. This base supports a cylindrical pillar which is also made up of
mild steel. The entire specification and other details about the base stand are given
below.

SPECIFICATION

Material - Mild steel

Size - 75*40*6mm

Weight - 7kg

Operation - Gas cutting, Grinding

2. CYLINDRICAL COLUMN OR PILLAR

This is in cylindrical shape made up of mild steel which is found to be welded at

the junction of the two C-frames. This cylindrical pillar is a pillar which supports the
main arm. A collar avoids the unnecessary movement of the main link. By the help of
collar the main link is rigidly fixed in cylindrical collar or pillar.

The dimensions of the column vary from top to the bottom end. That is the
diameter of the pillar is slightly.

Increased from top end to the base end where it has to be welded in the base.

The specifications are given below.

SPECIFICATION

Material - Mild Steel

Size - 75*190mm

Weight - 3.5kg

Operation - Lathe
3. MAIN BUSH (TOP, BOTTOM, CENTER, FRONT LINK BUSH)

The main bush is made up of a specialized mild steel material namely EN8. The
main bush is in a circular shape and it is found to be hollow in nature. The bushes are
welded to a link which makes the links to move freely. Eight bushes are found in the
links. The other details and specifications are given below.

SPECIFICATION

Material - EN8

Size - 50&50mm

Weight - 0.9kg

Operation - Turning

4. PILLAR COLLAR

A pillar collar found fixed to the pillar by the help of lock pin. The main link is
held or supported with the pillar by the help of the collar. This is made up of mild steel
and the shape is circular to a hollow portion at its centre. On the either sides of the collar
the bore is drilled for inserting the pin. The other specifications are given below.

SPECIFICATION

Material - EN8
Size - 15*16*560mm

Weight - 4kg

Operations - Shaping and Milling

7. MAIN ARM GUIDE LINK

The guide link which is made up of EN8 material can be moved along the guide
ways found on the main link and can be fixed at any position. This guide link can be
moved in a longitudinal direction on longitudinal manner either towards cylindrical
column or away from the column. When the guide link moves from one place to another
the other links which is welded to the guide link is also found to be moving bolts and nuts
are used to fix the guide link at one particular position after settings are made. The guide
link can be moved manually and hence no power is required to move the guide link.

The details and specifications are given below

SPECIFICATION

Material - EN8

Size - 50*16*280

Weight - 2kg

Operations - shaping, milling, suiting

8. MILLING MACHINE HOLDER LINK

In the cutting torch holder link the milling machine holder is fixed, the cutting
holder can be adjusted along the link and can be fixed at any position. When the guide
link moved manually the cutting torch holding link along with cutting torch holder will
also move. The other details and specifications are given below.

SPECIFICATION

Material - Mild Steel

Size - 30*8*250

Weight - 0.5kg

Operations - Cutting, Drilling

9. FRONT LINK

The front link is polished mild steel and a rectangular bar which is flexible. The
bushes which are found on either side are front link both on upper and lower sides make
the link to move in any flexible manner.

The specifications and other details are given

SPECIFICATION
Material - Polished Mild Steel flat

Size - 30*8*250mm

Weight - 0.5kg

Operations - Cutting

10. TRACER LINK

Tracer link is adjoining part of the main links is made up of polished mild steel
material. A shape is found to be flat will gets the name tracer link because a spring
loaded tracer pin which is fixed in the front of tracer link which is used to trace the part.
The tracer along with the tracer link is moved manually. This tracer link is used to trace
the part. The tracer along with the tracer link is moved manually. This tracer link is an
extended portion from the turning link front. The other details and specifications are
given below.

SPECIFICATIONS

Material - Polished Mils Steel Flat

Size - 30*8*450mm
Weight - 1kg

Operations - Cutting, Drilling

11. WORK STAND

This is used to hold the job to be cut by the help of the flame. The job holder is
found to be fixed in one of the cross arm of the C-frame which act as a base. The job
holder stand can be rotated or swiveled to an angle of 360 and can be fixed at any
position which makes the operation an easy operation without any effort. A job holder
sand looks like a railway track where a job is held between the two parallel rectangular
plates. Specifications and other details are given below

SPECIFICATIONS

Material - Mild Steel

Size - 30*3*30mm

Operations - Cutting and Drilling

Weight - 3kg

12. THREADED BUSH

A hole is drilled in the C-frame and the drilled hole threaded bush is fixed. This is
made up of mild steel material with the grade number EN1A. The purpose of threaded
bush is to fix the job holder in the main frame which also acts as a base. Similarly two or
more holes are found to be drilled in a C-frame where the job holder along with the
threaded bush can be fixed at any hole which makes the operation easy.

The specifications and details are given below.

SPECIFICATION

Material - EN1A

Size - 30*25mm

Weight - 0.4kg

Operations - Drilling, Turning, Tapping

13. STUD

Stud is used to avoid the vibration of job holder, specifications and other details
are given below

SPECIFICATION

Material - BSW
Size - 12.7mm

Weight - 0.050kg

14. TEMPLATES

Template is made up of mild steel. There are various types of templates used.
They are
a. Square template
b. Triangular template
c. Elliptical template
d. Circular template

The shape of the template used in our project is Square shaped template. What
ever the shape we required tope cut on the plate is grooved on the square shaped
template. If we want to cut a square shaped plate then a square template is used.
Similarly Elliptical, Triangular, Circular shape can be cut by using Elliptical, Triangular,
Circular grooves templates. The specifications and other details are given below.

SPECIFICATIONS

Material - Mild Steel

Size - 280*280*3mm

Weight - 2kg

Operations - Gas Cutting, Milling, Drilling

16. TEMPLATE STAND AND BUSH

A circular template is used which is made up of mild steel for supporting the
template. This circular template holder can be raised up or down in a vertical manner by
means of rotating the elevating screw either in a clock wise or anti-clock wise direction.
This template sand is found fixed in the double pipe rectangular frame which is welded to
the base frame. The specifications and other details are given below.

SPECIFICATIONS

Material - Mild Steel

Size - 280*280*6

30*30

Weight - 88.9kg

0.4

Operations - Gas Cutting, Drilling, Facing, Turning

17. TEMPLATE STAND SUPPORTING SCREW ROD AND HANDLE

An external threaded screw rod is made up of steel. At the bottom of the screw
rod a hole is drilled which act as a provision for fixing the round screw rod handle. The
top end of the screw rod is welded to the template holder. When this handle is rotated
either in clockwise or in anti-clockwise direction. The elevating screw along with the
template holder moves vertically upwards and downwards. Hence the purpose of using
screw rod is not only for the movement of the template holder but also to locate the
template holder at any position. The specifications and other details are given below.

SPECIFICATIONS

Material - Steel Rod

Size - 25*110mm

Weight - 0.4kg

Operation - Turning

18. TEMPLATE SCREW ROD BUSH

Screw rod bush nut is made up of steel which is fixed in the drilled hole for fixing
the rotating handle. The purpose of the screw rod bush is to hold rigidly in the hole. The
other details and specifications are given below.

SPECIFICATIONS

Material - Steel

Size - 32*30mm

Weight - 0.300kg

Operations - Turning

19. GUIDE PIN

 Guide pin is used to join the two links which is found to be fixed inside the bush.
The guide pin is made up of EN8 material when the link is moved the guide moves inside
the bush.

The other details and specifications are given below.

SPECIFICATIONS

Material - EN8

Size - 25*75*4mm

Weight - 1kg

Operation - Turning

20. TRACER PIN

A spring loaded tracer pin is a pin which is in the form of screw whose bottom
edges are sharp. This tracer pin is used to trace the path of the groove in the template.
This tracer pin moved manually. When the tracer pin actuates the link also found to be
actuating. The nozzle holder moves in the direction of the tracer pin.

Finally the shape to be removed in the metal is found in the template on which the
tracer pin is moved. Since the entire lead is beared by the spring. The tracer pin can be
smoothly moved along the groove.

The specifications and other details are given below.

SPECIFICATION

Material - EN8

Size - 15*25mm

Weight - 1kg

Operation - Turning

21. MILLING HOLDER

The milling machine is a model of drilling machine which holds the motor with
chuck. Where the chuck is used to hold the milling tool.

24. SPRING AND SPRING COLLAR

The main purpose of spring is locating the tracer pin on the template with tension.
The details and specifications are given below.

SPECIFICATION

Material - EN42A

Size - 0.8*8*40mm
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chapter-4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ASSEMBLING OF PARTS
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CHAPTER-4

ASSEMBLING OF PARTS
 A pantograph milling machine is a machine consists of a main supporting cross
frame acts as a base for the machine made up of mild steel. The other parts of the
machine are found to be assembled over the supporting cross frame which act as a base.
At one end of the supporting cross frame a supporting cylinder bar is found to be welded.
The top end of the cylindrical bar a sliding bar is fixed. One end of the sliding bar is
found to be supported by the cylindrical bar and the other is found to be free end parallel
guide ways are provided in a longitudinal manner on which the link can be slided and can
be fixed at any position. The nozzle holder is fixed on one side of the link and extended
portion of the link a tracer pin is loaded with the help of spring. The fixed adjustable job
holders is fixed on one end of the cross frame. This is fixed just opposite to that of
cylindrical part. The job holder can be adjusted and can be fixed to an angle around 360.

At the other end of the cross frame a rectangular double hollow pipe is found to be
welded. That is one end of the double hollow pipe is welded over the base and at the
other end an elevating circular supporting template is found on which the template can be
fixed. The template stand can be raised with the help of rotating the elevating screw
either in clockwise or in anti-clockwise direction. The bottom end of the elevating screw
has a handle which is fixed in the slot of the screw which is used for rotating. The top of
the elevating screw has circular template sand which is welded for the movement of the
elevating screw up and down a threaded hole is found in a rectangular hollow pipe.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Chapter-5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

WORKING PRINCIPLE
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 CHAPTER-2

WORKING PRINCIPLE

The pantograph mechanism is used to design and fabricate a milling

machine which could traverse on any contour provided that stylus is moved along the
same on any already existing object. Using such kind of manipulator we can generate the
de-scaled replica of the object or we can say it to be a copying machine which can be
employed in mass production with economical production/machining cost.

The 3-DOF in this manipulator adds a feature to increase or decrease the depth of
engrave and thus can be used in metal engraving industries or wood carving industries to
copy the engraved wooden design. At the end-effecter we can replace the cutter by a
welding torch or a paint brush to perform the desired typical operation with very ease and
accuracy. The only constraints are its poor dynamic performance but our kinematic
analysis shows it to be perfect for light and slow speed operation.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chapter-5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DESIGN AND DRAWING

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CHAPTER-5
DESIGN
SL. No. NAME OF THE SIZE OF MATERIAL WEIGHT OPERATION
COMPONENTS IN mm IN kg PERFORMED

1. Stand-M.S 75 x 40 x 6 7 Gas cutting, Grinding

Welding.
2. Stand pillar-M.S 75 x 190 3.5 Turning, Welding
3. Pillar plate-M.S 75 x 25 1 Gas cutting, Turning
Welding
4. Pillar-EN8 45 x 150 2.2 Turning, Drilling
5. Main bush-EN8 50 x 50 0.9 Turning, Hardening,
Grinding
6. Pillar collar-M.S 50 x 30 0.5 Turning, Drilling
7. Split pin-Spring steel ------- -------- --------
8. Main arm-EN8 50 x 16 x 560 4 Shaping, Milling,
Welding
9. Main arm guide 50 x 16 x 280 2 Shaping, Milling,
Link-EN8 Cutting, Welding
10. Milling machine holding 30 x 8 x 250 0.5 Cutting, Drilling
Link – M.S
11. Front link-M.S Flat 30 x 8 x 250 0.5 Cutting, Welding
12. Tracer link – polish 30 x 8 x 450 1 Cutting, Drilling
M.S Flat
13. Machine holding bush-M.S 30 x 35 0.5 Turning
14. Work stand-M.S 30 x 30 x 3 3 Cutting. Drilling,
Welding
15. Threaded bush-EN1A 30 x 25 0.4 Drilling, tapping,
Turning
16. Stud-BSW 12.54 ------ Welding
SL. No. NAME OF THE SIZE OF MATERIAL WEIGHT OPERATION
COMPONENTS IN mm IN kg PERFORMED

17. Triangular Template- 280 x 280 x 3 2 Milling, Drilling

M.S Gas Cutting
18. Template stand-M.S 280 x 280 x6 3.5 Gas cutting, Drilling
19. Stand bush-M.S 30 x 30 0.4 Turning, Welding
20. Template stand supp- 25 x 110 0.4 Turning, welding
orting screw rod-M.S rod
21. Screw rod handle-M.S 8 x 125 0.2 ------------------
22. Screw rod bush nut-steel 32 x 30 0.3 Turning, Welding
23. Template stand suppo- 40 x 25 x 800 2 Cutting, Drilling
rting handle-CR tube Welding
24. Guide link centre 38 x 35 0.75 Turning, Welding
Bush-EN8 Grinding
25. Guide link top and 38 x 25 4 Turning, Hardening
Bottom bushes-EN8 Grinding
26. Guide pin-EN8 25 x 75 1.2 Turning, Grinding
27. Front link guide 38 x 35 0.75 Turning, Welding
Bushes-EN8
28. Tracer pin-EN8 15 x 125 0.1 Turning, Drilling
29. spring-EN42A 8 x 40 x 0.8 ----- ------------
30. Spring collar-M.S 15 x 6 ------ Turning, Drilling
31. Split pin-Spring steel ----- ------ -----------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chapter-6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chapter-7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chapter-11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CHAPTER-11

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES:

1. It is a faster process.
1. Setting of machine is easy.
2. It reduces the fatigue of the worker.
 3. Skilled labour is not required.
4. Labour cost is less.
5. Production cost decreases.
6. Machine looks compact in size, so it can be carried from one place to another
place.
7. The process is most economical.
8. Instead of using electric power this machine is manually operated there is no cost
for power.
9. The pantograph gas cutting machine is used to cut the materials like mild steel
plate in to any shapes like cams, manifold flanges.
10. It is possible to cut the material odd any thickness by means of adjusting the
flame.

DISADVANTAGES

1. There is possibility for explosion.

2. It is very dangerous to operate.
3. Care should be taken for mixing the Oxygen and Acetylene gas to require
propositions.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chapter-12
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

APPLICATIONS
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CHAPTER-12

APPLICATIONS

1. This machine can be used almost in all types of industries. (Large, small, medium

scale industries).
 2. This machine is mainly used in fabrication oriented industries.

3. It can also be used for construction purposes, construction of dams, ship building

yards and in air craft manufacturing areas.

4. The material can be removed at any shape like oval, rectangular, ellipse, square,

circular, pentagon, hexagon shapes etc.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chapter-13
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MODIFICATION & DEVELOPMENT

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CHAPTER-13

MODIFICATION AND DEVELOPMENT

This Pantograph Milling machine Machine can be modified and developed into
pantograph engraving machine by means of changing gas nozzle by an engraving tool.
This modified machine is quit applicable for many areas and it is used for making its own
plates, Panels, diles tags, signs and machining complicated parts and dies. This machine
can be used in the areas like advertising, airports, armed forces, branks, laboratories and
in machine shops.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chapter-14
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

COST ESTIMATION
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CHAPTER-14

COST ESTIMATION
 Sl. No. Cost (Rs.)
Name of the Parts Quantity
01. Template stand 1
02. Triangular template 1
03. Nozzle 2
04. Stand 1
05. Front Link 1
06. Side Link 1
07. Pillar 1
08. Bush 1
09. Main Shaft 1
10 Bottom Frame 1
11 Gas Cylinder 1
12 Bottom Holder 1

LABOUR COST

LATHE, DRILLING, WELDING, GRINDING, POWER HACKSAW, GAS CUTTING:

Cost =

OVERHEAD CHARGES

The overhead charges are arrived by “Manufacturing cost”

 Manufacturing Cost = Material Cost + Labour cost
=
=

Overhead Charges = 20% of the manufacturing cost

=

TOTAL COST

Total cost = Material Cost + Labour cost + Overhead Charges

=
=

Total cost for this project =

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chapter-15
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CONCLUSION
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CHAPTER-15

CONCLUSION
 This report details with the design of the pantograph milling machine and is
attached with part drawings.

The project carried out by us made an impressing task in the field of large scale
industries. It is very usefully for the workers to carry out a large number of same pieces
can be done in a machine. The time to perform the operation is very low when compared
to ordinary milling machine.

This project has also reduced the cost involved in the concern. Project has been
designed to perform the entire requirement task which has also been provided.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

BIBLIOGRAPHY
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY - M.HASLEHURST
2. MACHINE DESIGN - N.C. PANDYA AND C.S. SHAH
3. STRENGTH OF MATERIALS - I.B. PRASAD
4. MACHINE TOOL DESIGN - N. LISITSYN
- A. GAVRYUSHIW
- O. TRIFONOV
- A. KUDRYASHOV

5. DESIGN DATA - PSG COLLEGE OF

TECHNOLOGY