Problem Set 3

Problem Set-3
1. Which of the following maps are linear.
(a) T : R −→ R3 defined by T (x) = (x, 2x, 3x).

(b) T : R2 −→ R2 defined by T (x, y) = (2x + 3y, 3x − 4y).
(c) T : R[x] −→ R[x] defined by T (p(x)) = xp(x) + p(1).
(d) T : C[0, 1] −→ R2 defined by T (f ) = (f (0), f (1)).
2. Determine whether there exists a linear map in the following cases. If it exists, give the
general formula.
(a) T : R2 −→ R2 such that T (1, 2) = (3, 0) and T (2, 1) = (1, 2).

(b) T : R3 −→ R3 such that T (0, 1, 2) = (3, 1, 2) and T (1, 1, 1) = (2, 2, 2).
(c) T : P4 (R) −→ P3 (R) such that T (1 + x) = 1, T (x) = 3 and T (x2 ) = 4.
(d) T : C2 −→ C2 such that T (i, i) = (1 + i, 1).
3. Determine a linear map T : R2 −→ R2 , which maps all the vectors on the line x + y = 0 onto
themselves.
4. Determine the Range and Kernel of the following linear maps. Also find the Rank and Nullity
of T , if it exists
(a) T : R2 −→ R2 defined by T (x1 , x2 ) = (x1 + x2 , x1 ).

(b) T : R[x] −→ R[x] defined by T (p(x)) = p00 (x) − 2p(x).
(c) T : C(0, 1) −→ C(0, 1) defined by T (f )(x) = f (x) sinx.
(d) T : C 1 [0, 1] −→ C[0, 1 defined by T (p(x)) = p0 (x) ex , where C 1 [0, 1] is the set of all
continuous function from [0, 1] to R which are differentiable on (0, 1). (Hint: Use Fun-
damental Theorem of Calculus)
5. Find a linear map T : R3 −→ R3 such that the set of all vectors (x1 , x2 , x3 ) satisfying the
equation 4x1 − 3x2 + x3 = 0 is the Kernel of T .
6. Let W be a subspace of R4 defined by W = {(x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) | x2 = 0}. Prove, by exhibiting

an isomorphism, that W ∼
= R3 .
7. True or false? Justify your answer.
(a) There exist two isomorphism from P2 (R) to R3 .

(b) In R2 all nontrivial subspaces are isomorphic.
8. Let T be a linear map on a finite dimensional vector space V . Then prove that
(a) Range(T ) ∩ Ker(T ) = {0} if and only if T 2 x = 0 ⇒ T x = 0.

(b) If Rank(T 2 ) = Rank(T ), then Range(T ) ∩ Ker(T ) = {0}.
9. Let T : V −→ V (V is a finite dimensional vector space) be a linear map. If Range(T ) ∩

Ker(T ) = {0}, then V = Range(T ) ⊕ Ker(T ).
10. Let T : U −→ V and S : V −→ W be two linear maps. Then prove that
(a) If T is onto, then Rank(ST ) = Rank(S).
1
(b) If S is one-one, then Rank(ST ) = Rank(T ).
11. Let T be a linear map on R3 , defined by T (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = (3x1 , x2 , x3 ). Show that T is invertible.
Also find T −1 .
12. Let U and V be finite dimensional vector spaces over the field F such that dim(U ) =
dim(V ) = p. If T is a linear map from U into V , the following are equivalent.
(a) T is non-singular.
(b) T is one one.
(c) T transforms linearly independent subsets of U into linearly independent subsets of V .
(d) T transforms every basis for U into a basis for V .
(e) T is onto.
(f) Rank(T ) = p.
(g) N ullity(T ) = 0.
(h) T −1 exists.
13. If a linear map T on V satisfies the condition T 2 + I = T , then prove that T −1 exists.
14. Consider non-zero finite dimensional real vector spaces V1 , V2 , V3 , V4 and linear transforma-
tions φ1 : V1 −→ V2 , φ2 : V2 −→ V3 and φ3 : V3 −→ V4 such that Ker φ1 = {0}, Range φ1 =
X4
Ker φ2 , Range φ2 = Ker φ3 , Range φ3 = V4 . Then find the value of (−1)i dimVi .
i=1
15. Let T : R3 −→ R3 be the linear map defined by T (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = (3x1 + x3 , 12x1 + x2 , −x1 +
2x2 + 4x3 ).
(a) Find the matrix M of T relative to the basis B = (1, 0, 1), (−1, 2, 1), (2, 1, 1).
(b) Find the matrix N of T relative to the standard basis of R3 .
(c) Find a non singular matrix P such that N = P M P −1 .
16. Let T : R3 −→ R2 be the linear map defined by T (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = (x1 + x2 , 2x3 − x1 ). Let
B = {(1, 0, −1), (1, 1, 1), (1, 0, 0)} be an ordered basis of R3 .
(a) Find the matrix M of T relative to the pair B and standard basis of R2 .
(b) Find the matrix N of T relative to the standard basis of R3 standard basis of R2 .
(c) Find a non singular 2 × 2 matrix P and a non singular 3 × 3 matrix Q such that
N = P M Q.
17. Let A be an n × n invertible matrix.
(a) Let B be an n × k matrix. Show that Rank(AB) = Rank(B).
(b) Let B be an n×n invertible matrix. Then show that Rank(AB) = Rank(A) = Rank(B).
18. Let A ∈ Mm×n (R). Then Rank(AAt ) = Rank(A).
19. Let A be an m×n matrix and R be the RRE form of A. Then show that Rank(A) = Rank(R).
20. Let V = M2 (R) and W = P3 (R) be two vector spaces over R. Define the linear transformation
T : V → W by

a b
T = 2a + (b − d)x − (a + c)x2 + (a + b − c − d)x3 .
c d
2
(a) Find the matrix representation of T with respect to the standard ordered bases.
(b) Find a basis for the range of T and a basis for the null space of T.
(c) Find Rank(T ) and Nullity(T ).

Problem Set 3

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Problem Set-3

1. Which of the following maps are linear.

(a) T : R −→ R3 defined by T (x) = (x, 2x, 3x).

(a) T : R2 −→ R2 such that T (1, 2) = (3, 0) and T (2, 1) = (1, 2).

(a) T : R2 −→ R2 defined by T (x1 , x2 ) = (x1 + x2 , x1 ).

6. Let W be a subspace of R4 defined by W = {(x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) | x2 = 0}. Prove, by exhibiting

7. True or false? Justify your answer.

(a) There exist two isomorphism from P2 (R) to R3 .

(a) Range(T ) ∩ Ker(T ) = {0} if and only if T 2 x = 0 ⇒ T x = 0.

9. Let T : V −→ V (V is a finite dimensional vector space) be a linear map. If Range(T ) ∩

10. Let T : U −→ V and S : V −→ W be two linear maps. Then prove that

(a) If T is onto, then Rank(ST ) = Rank(S).

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