Research Topic: Effectiveness of Using Woven Strand Bamboo as an Alternative to Steel Reinforc

Researchers:
Course, Year, & Section:

No. Researcher/Author Title

1 Javadian, Alireza Composite Bamboo and its
Application as Reinforcement in
Structural Concrete

2 Swathy Khrishna A K Review on Bamboo as Mainstream

Construction Material

3 Hebel, F., Heisel, J., & Javadian, Bamboo Composite

A. Reinforcements in Structural
Concrete Applications
 4 Sreadha AR, Dr. C. Pany Review on Fabrication of Bamboo
Composite Materials Reinforced
Concrete

5 Hebel, F., Heisel, J., & Javadian, A.Engineering Bamboo

Composite fiber materials as an
alternative
reinforcement in structural concrete
applications

7 D.L. Jayanetti & P.R. Follet Bamboo in construction

8 K. Ghavami Bamboo: Low cost and energy

saving construction material

9 Edwin Zea Escamilla and G. Environmental impacts of bamboo-

Habert based construction materials
representing global production
diversity

10 Corinna Salzer, Holger Wallbaum, Sustainability of Social Housing in

Luis Felipe Lopez, and Jean Luc Asia: A holistic Multi-Perspective
Kouyoumji Development Process for Bamboo-
based Construction in the Philippines

11 Dirk E. Hebel, Felix Heisel, Engineering Bamboo: The new

Alireza Javadian composite Reinforcement
12 Jason Gary Moroz Bamboo Reinforced Masonry Shear
Walls for Low Cost Housing

13 R. Sutharsan, S. R. Ramprasanna, Experimental Study on Bamboo as a

S. Basil Gnanappa, and A. Reinforcing Material in Concrete
Chithambar Ganesh

14 Masakazu TERAI & Koichi Research and Development on

MINAMI Bamboo Reinforced Concrete
Structure

15 Hector Archila, Sebastian Bamboo reinforced concrete: a

Kaminski, David Trujillo, Edwin critical review
Zea Escamilla & Kent A. Harries

16 Latorre Gabriel and Ortigas, et al. A Study on the use of bamboo as

reinforcement to concrete mixed with
seawater
17 R Sutharsan, et al. Experimental study on Bamboo as an
reinforcing material in concrete

18 N L Rahim et al. Investigation of bamboo as concrete

reinforcement in the construction for
low-cost housing industry

19 Ayesha Siddika* , Md. Abdullah Evaluation of Bamboo

Al Mamun and Md. Abu Bakar Reinforcements in Structural
Siddique Concrete Member
20 Masakazu Terai and Koichi Research and Development on
Minami Bamboo Reinforced Concrete
Structure
oven Strand Bamboo as an Alternative to Steel Reinforcements

Needs Solution
The fast pace of development in many developing There is a material substitute that grows in the
countries has led to an increased demand for tropical zone of planet, an area that coincides
building and construction materials for housing closely with the developing world: bamboo.
and infrastructure projects. Reinforced concrete is Research that has been conducted so far in the
one of the most widely used building materials area of bamboo-reinforced structural concrete has
around the world. Unfortunately demonstrated two things. First, replacing steel
the majority of developing countries lack the with bamboo as reinforcement system is
resources to produce their own steel. technically feasible. Second, up to now, no
solution has been found for problems involving
swelling, shrinking, chemical and biological
decomposition and thermal expansion of raw
bamboo in concrete.

Bamboo is a well-known construction material Reviewed the strength properties of bamboo as

from long time but only as a secondary and reinforcement and found to be suitable. Bamboo
aesthetic material only. The paper aims to utilize has a very high potential building material due to
bamboo as a main stream construction material in its economical, stregth and seismic resisiting
conventional construction method. properties.

For decades, researchers around the world the research paper will demonstrate that new
have searched for methods to activate those bamboo composite materials, developed with
benefits for use within the building sector and Woven Strand Bamboo (WSB) technology, have
transform bamboo from a locally applied organic the possibility to overcome most of the
material into an industrialized product. However, limitations of the bamboo and open new
water absorption, swelling and shrinking application fields within the building sector,
behavior, durability, fungi attacks as well as especially in the concrete industry. The paper
chemical decomposition of bamboo have limited entails investigating the potential to replace steel
most of the applications so far. reinforcements in structural
concrete applications.
The demand for steel as reinforcement is Having an alternative that is worth compared to
increasing day by day. Thus, there are situations steel in terms of cost and availability. Bamboo is
where production isn't found to be suffecient to one of the alternate materials of used as a steel
meet steel demand. replacement in the construction of small
structures and low-cost housing.

The continuos high for the demand of steel in To dicover and create a method with the use of
many developing countries and the increase in emerging technologies of the bamboo composite
carbon emmission into the atmosphere due to material as a new application to the fields within
huge production of steel. the building sector.

To test bamboo durability in construction By developing the bamboo directed to key of

preservation, jointing, structural design, and
codification

To study the material if it is economically To study the bamboo plantation, harvesting,

feasible, with a possible industrialization. curing, and treatment process. It undergoes to a
statistical and probabilistic analysis.

Five bamboo-based construction materials were To offer accurate statistics for materials with a
investigated for their environmental impact. wide range of manufacturing methods.

Using bamboo-based construction, this article The paper identifies one-dimensional strategies
emphasizes the need for a more inclusive and that lead to quantifiable, quantitative endpoints
sustainable development of social housing in fast by segmenting the complicated problem into
emerging Asian, Latin American, and African these action items.
countries.

To determine on how bamboo composite By testing bamboo materials to determine the

materials to overcome most of the limits in Tensile, Flexural and compressive strength.
building sectors.
To find the suitability of using the bamboo The use of
species arundinaria amabilis, or Tonkin cane, as a indigenous materials, which can greatly reduce
replacement for conventional the cost of housing projects.
steel reinforcement in masonry shear walls.

To reimburse the conventional materials like steel By analyzing expediency of using bamboo as a
by naturally available bamboo sticks. reinforcing material and to analyze its physical
and mechanical characteristics.

To investigates the mechanical properties of By conducing several tests to determine if

bamboo reinforced concrete structure. bamboo can be a great alternative as reinforcing
material in concrete.

To address such ‘bamboo-reinforced concrete’ By using a prototype three bay portal frame, that
and assesses its structural and would not be uncommon in regions of the world
environmental performance as an alternative to where bamboo-reinforced concrete may be
steel reinforced concrete. considered, is used to illustrate bamboo
reinforced concrete design and as a basis for a
life cycle assessment of the same.

This study looks into the usefulness of bamboo as The compressive and pullout tests considered
a concrete reinforcement by replacing the water cylindrical specimens while beam specimens with
mixing component with seawater and substituting rectangular cross-section were used to test the
fly ash for 20% of the cement component. The flexural strength. After 28 days of curing, the
compressive strength and tensile strength of compressive strength of the concrete mixed with
bamboo, as well as the reinforcement's pullout seawater (CMSW) samples attained a higher
bond properties with concrete and its behavior as compressive strength than concrete mixed with
flexure reinforcement, were all investigated in freshwater (CMFW) samples because of the
this study. seawater and flash which increase the
development of compressive strength.
The study's try replacing conventional materials The researchers test the bamboo to discover how
like steel with readily available bamboo sticks. strong it is.
Bamboo is a good reinforcement material since it
has a high tension and compressive strength.
The flexural strength of the beam having bamboo
reinforcement shows greater strength which helps
to improve the usage of bamboo.

Bamboo material has been used as a replacement They did some test and the result has shown that
of reinforcement in concrete. Bamboo is a bamboo has a similar characteristic with steel and
suitable material because it is a natural material, bamboo can be used as an alternative material for
cheap and also available material. In this reinforcing concrete. However, the characteristic
research, the performance of bamboos as an of bamboos showed high water absorption and
alternative material in reinforced concrete has low bonding strength between bamboo’s surface
been evaluated. Tensile strength test of bamboos and concrete. In this research, a waterproofing
has been performed to identify the yields stress of agent has been used to minimize water absorption
bamboos. and increase the bonding strength. Flexural
strength test of the bamboo singly reinforced
beam with the size of 150 mm x 150 mm x 750
mm has been undertaken to determine the
performance of bamboo as reinforcement.

Bamboo reinforced concrete beam specimens It was observed that, flexural strength of bamboo
were tested with different reinforcement ratios reinforced column is sufficient higher than plain
and observed the load capacity, deflection and cement concrete and comparable to steel
failure patterns. reinforced concrete beams. Bamboo reinforced
concrete columns with different reinforcement
ratio also tested and observed the ultimate
compressive strength and failure pattern. It found,
all columns failed in a similar pattern due to
crushing of concrete. According to cost analysis,
bamboo reinforced beams and columns with
moderate reinforcement ratio showed the best
strength-cost ratio among plain cement concrete
and steel reinforced concrete.
The authors also have been studied for The researchers made some experimental method
understanding the mechanical behavior of to compare the properties of a bamboo, concrete
bamboo reinforced concrete member and and steel reinforcement.
clarifying the differences of structural properties
from steel reinforced concrete and bamboo
reinforced concrete.
 Differentiation Benefits
In relation to this study with the Steel is not without alternatives. The
study to be conducted by the conduct of this study which focused
researchers, this reasearch have also on the investgation of the
focused to other applications that cn effectiveness of using composite
be done with bamboo composite bamboo will in return benefit the
material. modern construction industry as it
will cause cost effective and
sutaibnbale product that is most
importantly environmental friendly.

This research have studied if bamboo Bamboo is highly recommended in

can be of used as main component of modern day construction due to its
concrete reinforcement rather than cost effective and sustainable
steel. properties. Replacing bamboo with
conventional building materials
reduces carbon dioxide emmission
which will benefit the environment.

This research have focused on the Bamboo has been used as a

study of the flexural, compressive construction material for centuries
and tensile stregths of bamboo and if around the globe. The
it would pass the standard same as benefits of using bamboo are
the steel. enormous: its fast growth, high
tensile strength, and the
capacity to capture large amounts of
carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
are just some of
the most remarkable properties it has
to offer.
The fast pace of development in Bamboo is found in abundance,
many developing countries has led to durable and can satisfy the demand
an increased demand for building as areinforcing material. It grows
and construction materials for naturally and easily available all
housing and infrastructure projects. around the world.
Reinforced concrete is one of the
most widely used building materials
around the world. Unfortunately
the majority of developing countries
lack the resources to produce their
own steel.

The study have focused on studying The benefits of using bamboo are
the possibility of using engineered enourmous. Its fast growth, has high
bamboo as reinforcement to concrete tensile stregth, and the capacity to
instead of the steel. capture large amounts of carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere.

The study focuses on the To be able to use it in construction

preservation of bamboo in terms of site and to test the workability of the
testing the durability. material

It shows the cost by using the Low cost and energy saving
bamboo and energy saving construction materials
construction.

It focuses on the production diversity To show if with the industrialization

of bamboo-based construction and of materials, the environmental
was investigated for their repercussions and unpredictability
environmental impact. increase.

It researches the development It fills the gap between academic

process for bamboo-based approaches to sustainability and
construction than alternating it with actual applications, emphasizing the
steel reinforcement. value of combining multi-
dimensional growth with stakeholder
participation.

Researchers focuses on the strength To determine if bamboo can be an

properties of bamboo if it can alternative reinforcement in
withstand a pressure greater or construction.
equivalent to the capacity of steel.
If bamboo reinforcement can be used Showing great potential for bamboo
in masonry walls for a low cost as a low cost housing reinforcing
budget in construction projects. material.

Researchers applied tests on the From the results of the tests, it will
bamboo materials to determine the be concluded that a natural bamboo
tensile, flexural strength and fiber can be used as very good
compressive strength if it can reinforcing material in concrete.
withstand a stress equal to the
strength of a steel.

It shows the strength of the bamboo This study is the first step towards
as reinforcements in different days the development for the future.
used in a concrete slab.

Shows the different strength of the Bamboo is a material with

material in different column sections extraordinary mechanical properties,
compared to steel reinforced concrete its use in bamboo-reinforced
column. concrete is a considered concept,
having significant durability,
strength and stiffness issues, and
meet the environmentally
friendly credentials often attributed
to it.

The research aims at the bamboo's Using bamboo can be beneficial

compressive and tensile strength to replacement. It is a natural , non-
see if it can form a pullout renewable sorce and capable of rapid
relationship with concrete. growth.
Bamboos are distributed in tropical Bamboo is suitable for all types of
and subtropical to mild temperate structures and constructions. It can
regions, with the heaviest be utilized for permanent and for
concentration and largest number of temporary contructions
species. The study focuses if the
bamboo is a good reinforcement to
steel.

The researchers like to discover if Bamboo is a cheap material but it

bamboo can be used to replace or can maintain its strength and can also
reinforce steel and concrete. serve other functions

Among plain cement concrete and It can be used in combination with

steel reinforced concrete, bamboo other types of construction materials
reinforced beams and columns with a for foundation.
modest reinforcement ratio had the
best strength-to-cost ratio. That’s
why bamboo can reinforce steel.
Bamboo is cheaper and it is easy to
find.
The study investigates the It can be used as support in concrete.
mechanical properties of bamboo Bamboo is achieved by structural
reinforced concrete structure. It frame technique
compares these experimental results
of bamboo reinforced concrete
members with the experimental ones
of reinforced concrete members, and
the mechanical property of the
bamboo reinforced concrete
members is studied.
 Researcher/
No. Title Needs Solution Differentiation Benefits
Author
Adewuyi, A., Comparative The overall sustainable Comparatively evaluate Although extensive literature The conduct of this study
Otukoya, A., Studies of Steel, economic growth, productivity, the flexural performance abound on natural rebars in which focused on the
Olaniyi, Bamboo and and the well-being of a nation and deformation reinforced concrete structural analysis of
Olafusi, O. Rattan as depend heavily on the characteristics of concrete structures, no clear bamboo, rattan, and steel
Reinforcing Bars in functionality, reliability, and elements reinforced with comparative investigations bar will in return benefit
Concrete: Tensile durability of its constructed bamboo (Bambusa had been done on steel, the modern construction
and Flexural facilities. However, aside the vulgaris), rattan (Calamuc bamboo and rattan under industry as it will cause
Characteristics environmental and operational deerratus) and the twisted similar geometric and loading cost effective and
condition, the constituent steel rebars. conditions to determine the sutaibnbale product that
1 materials accounting for the relative capacities and thereby is most importantly
increasing cases of structural establishing the limits to the environmental friendly.
deficiency and functional applicability of the natural
obsolescence are recorded in rebars.
the built environment.

Kustanrika, I., Comparison Test With the increasingly price of The alternative as the This paper focuses on some With the use of rattan is
Hidayawanti, Press Pull against steel reinforcement this will be reinforcement is rattan issues pertaining to brick- expected to reduce the
R., Legino, S. Reinforcement very burdensome for some rod. Rattan rod is mortar bond and masonry use of wood that can
Strength with people, in an effort to meet the renewable natural compressive strength. reduce forest logging and
Reinforced primary needs of the form of resources that can be can reduce the effects of
Concrete Made buildings that are habitable. obtained easily, cheap, global
from Rattan and Therefore it is necessary to seek resistant to corrosion and warming.
2 Iron Rods alternative steel reinforcement can reduce the effects of
on concrete. global warming and has a
high tensile strength and
flexure.
 Deas Putri Analysis of The never ending The growing public In this research, a test made Composite materials
Ananda Combination of environmental impact of some awareness of the from natural fibers was made from natural fibers
Natural Fiber construction materials that environmental carried out to find out have been able to replace
Bamboo and contributes to climate change. atmosphere has triggered whether the composite was metal, steel, and wood
Rattan Fiber for a paradigm shift to design suitable for use as a substitute because of their ease of
3 Alternative composite materials that for fiberglass on ship hulls. use and features.
Material in Ship are environmentally
Hull friendly and energy
efficient.

Lejano, B., Strength Analysis In the Philippines, reinforced As a viable alternative to Physical corrugations were Rattan is a fast-growing
Cacanando, C., of Physically concrete is the most common steel, this study analyzed placed on rattan canes to flexible plant which is
Abary, A., Ang, Treated Rattan as construction material used and investigated the determine if this can improve cheap and can be easily
T., and Ty, R. Reinforcement of when building structures. properties of rattan as a the bond strength between accessible by
Concrete Beam However, the use of steel as reinforcement in concrete rattan and concrete while an communities.
reinforced concrete’s primary due to its tensile strength analytical flexural analysis was
reinforcement has proven capability as well as its conducted, factoring in the
difficult to maintain once it has availability and effects of slippage from
4 been damaged and is costly to accessibility for poor concrete.
repair, thus poor communities communities.
may not have access to such
materials when in dire need.
 Obilade, I., & Flexural The study's try replacing The potentials of Rattan Singly Steel Reinforced and Using rattan can be
Olutoge, F. Characteristics of conventional materials like steel Cane as a reinforcement Singly Rattan Cane Reinforced beneficial replacement. It
Rattan Cane with readily available and cheap material in concrete Concrete Beams of 750mm is a natural , non-
Reinforced alternative construction beams were investigated. length having 150mm width renewable sorce and
Concrete Beams material. The principal objective and depth were compared capable of rapid growth.
was to determine the with Plain Concrete Beam in
flexural behaviour of this research work. The
Rattan Cane Reinforced flexural strength, load carrying
Concrete Beams. Tensile capacity and deflection
5 strength tests were characteristics of each beam
conducted on rattan cane were observed and compared.
samples to assess their
qualities as reinforcement
material.
 Javadian, Composite The fast pace of development in There is a material In relation to this study with Steel is not without
Alireza Bamboo and its many developing countries has substitute that grows in the study to be conducted by alternatives. The conduct
Application as led to an increased demand for the tropical zone of the researchers, this of this study which
Reinforcement in building and construction planet, an area that reasearch have also focused focused on the
Structural materials for housing and coincides closely with the to other applications that cn investgation of the
Concrete infrastructure projects. developing world: be done with bamboo effectiveness of using
Reinforced concrete is one of bamboo. Research that composite material. composite bamboo will in
the most widely used building has been conducted so far return benefit the
materials around the world. in the area of bamboo- modern construction
Unfortunately reinforced structural industry as it will cause
the majority of developing concrete has cost effective and
countries lack the resources to demonstrated two things. sutaibnbale product that
produce their own steel. First, replacing steel with is most importantly
bamboo as reinforcement environmental friendly.
system is technically
6 feasible. Second, up to
now, no solution has been
found for problems
involving swelling,
shrinking, chemical and
biological decomposition
and thermal expansion of
raw bamboo in concrete.
 Swathy Review on Bamboo Bamboo is a well-known Reviewed the strength This research have studied if Bamboo is highly
Khrishna A K as Mainstream construction material from long properties of bamboo as bamboo can be of used as recommended in modern
Construction time but only as a secondary reinforcement and found main component of concrete day construction due to
Material and aesthetic material only. The to be suitable. Bamboo reinforcement rather than its cost effective and
paper aims to utilize bamboo as has a very high potential steel. sustainable properties.
a main stream construction building material due to Replacing bamboo with
material in conventional its economical, stregth conventional building
7 construction method. and seismic resisiting materials reduces carbon
properties. dioxide emmission which
will benefit the
environment.

Hebel, F., Bamboo For decades, researchers the research paper will This research have focused on Bamboo has been used as
Heisel, J., & Composite around the world demonstrate that new the study of the flexural, a construction material
Javadian, A. Reinforcements in have searched for methods to bamboo composite compressive and tensile for centuries around the
Structural activate those benefits for use materials, developed with stregths of bamboo and if it globe. The
Concrete within the building sector and Woven Strand Bamboo would pass the standard same benefits of using bamboo
Applications transform bamboo from a (WSB) technology, have as the steel. are enormous: its fast
locally applied organic material the possibility to growth, high tensile
into an industrialized product. overcome most of the strength, and the
However, water absorption, limitations of the bamboo capacity to capture large
swelling and shrinking behavior, and open new application amounts of carbon
durability, fungi attacks as well fields within the building dioxide from the
as chemical decomposition of sector, especially in the atmosphere are just some
8 bamboo have limited most of concrete industry. The of
the applications so far. paper entails investigating the most remarkable
the potential to replace properties it has to offer.
steel reinforcements in
structural
concrete applications.
 Sreadha AR, Review on The demand for steel as Having an alternative that The fast pace of development Bamboo is found in
Dr. C. Pany Fabrication of reinforcement is increasing day is worth compared to in many developing countries abundance, durable and
Bamboo by day. Thus, there are steel in terms of cost and has led to an increased can satisfy the demand as
Composite situations where production availability. Bamboo is one demand for building and areinforcing material. It
Materials isn't found to be suffecient to of the alternate materials construction materials for grows naturally and easily
Reinforced meet steel demand. of used as a steel housing and infrastructure available all around the
Concrete replacement in the projects. Reinforced concrete world.
construction of small is one of the most widely used
9 structures and low-cost building materials around the
housing. world. Unfortunately
the majority of developing
countries lack the resources to
produce their own steel.

Hebel, F., Engineering The continuos high for the To dicover and create a The study have focused on The benefits of using
Heisel, J., & Bamboo demand of steel in many method with the use of studying the possibility of bamboo are enourmous.
Javadian, A. Composite fiber developing countries and the emerging technologies of using engineered bamboo as Its fast growth, has high
materials as an increase in carbon emmission the bamboo composite reinforcement to concrete tensile stregth, and the
alternative into the atmosphere due to material as a new instead of the steel. capacity to capture large
10 reinforcement in huge production of steel. application to the fields amounts of carbon
structural concrete within the building sector. dioxide in the
applications atmosphere.
 John Wasiu Strength Potentials Steel reinforcements have been Rattan fibre is also known Experimental investigation With the use of rattan is
and Sule of Rattan widely used in concrete work in to be a suitable structural was carried out on expected to reduce the
Joseph Reinforced order to help improve its tensile material both in conventional concrete (CC), use of wood that can
Concrete Using resistance against applied loads. compression and tension. rattan reinforced concrete reduce forest logging and
Concrete Grade But steel is susceptible to Hence, this study cubes (RR, RS and SR), control can reduce the effects of
C30/35 corrosion due to water ingress examines the extent of beams (CTBM) and rattan global
through cracks, increased in application of rattan in reinforced concrete beams warming.
cost of purchase and dangers concrete (RRBM, RSBM and SRBM).
11 associated with maximizing Compressive and Flexural
profit due to greed. strength tests were conducted
on the samples at 7,14,21 and
28 days.

H. M. A. Use of Rattan as Steel is a conventional Rattan (or Cane) is The properties of rattan Rattan is a cheap
Mahzuz, M. Reinforecement in reinforcing material used in another organic material reinforced facade subjected to material but it can
Ahmed, K. Concrete Beam concrete beam. Study related to that can provide certain axial loading have been maintain its strength and
Hasan, M. K. steel as reinforcement in physical strength and studied and the bond strength can also serve other
Uddin, M. M. concrete beam is huge and its durability. Therefore, it of several rattan species. functions
Hossain, N. demonstration is everywhere. has become the interest
Saquib But due to its high cost and high of various researchers of
12 energy consumption for present times.
production search for its
alternative is a prospective field
of research.
 R Sutharsan, et Experimental study The study's try replacing The researchers test the Bamboos are distributed in Bamboo is suitable for all
al. on Bamboo as an conventional materials like steel bamboo to discover how tropical and subtropical to types of structures and
reinforcing with readily available bamboo strong it is. mild temperate regions, with constructions. It can be
material in sticks. Bamboo is a good the heaviest concentration utilized for permanent
concrete reinforcement material since it and largest number of species. and for temporary
has a high tension and The study focuses if the contructions
compressive strength. bamboo is a good
The flexural strength of the reinforcement to steel.
13 beam having bamboo
reinforcement shows greater
strength which helps to improve
the usage of bamboo.
 Natividad Comparative study This paper aims to utilize waste To use of recycled In relation to Self Compacting The findings also
Garcia- on the properties aggregates from construction material in place of natural Concrete-Concrete Block demonstrated that at high
Troncoso, and high and demolition activities. aggregate. Aggregate (SCC-CBA) and temperatures (400 °C and
Lufan Li, Quan temperature Self Compacting Concrete- 600 °C), recycled brick
Cheng, Kim resistance of self- Recycled Concrete Aggregate aggregate and concrete
Hung Mo, compacting (SCC-RCA), exhibit better block aggregate concrete
Tung-Chai concrete with performances among the performed better than
Ling, various types of recycled aggregates for the natural aggregate
recycled majority of properties, concrete. Since recycled
aggregates including better mechanical brick aggregate performs
strength and ITZ condition, as worse than natural
well as lower porosity and aggregate at room
drying shrinkage. temperature, it is
proposed to utilize it in
14 place of some natural
aggregate in high
temperature situations.
 Martínez- Recycling Identify the process of This paper aims to It demonstrate that coarse Excellent compressive
García R, Aggregates for producing concrete for both Recycle waste in order to recycled aggregates may be strength is consistent with
Guerra- Self-Compacting structural and non-structural sustain resources from regarded practical and viable the composition used to
Romero MI, Concrete using construction and generation to generation for use in SCC since the create concrete that makes
Morán-del Production: A demolition wastes (C&DW). and incorporate them into materials can be totally satisfy it entirely practical for use
Pozo JM, Brito Feasible Option. a circular economy. for structural purposes while in structural parts.
15 Jd, Juan- still achieving the necessary
Valdés A. mechanical qualities.

C.Sumanth Mechanical and Recycling concrete and It aims to use self- This paper work is marked by It is simple in the case of
Reddy, Durability demolition waste for the compacting concrete as a the integration of recycled non-structural concretes
K.V.Ratna Sai, properties of Self recovery of aggregates is structural concrete and aggregate use in SCC and its because there are no strict
Dr.P.Rathish Compacting certainly an innovative recycled concrete application as structural requirements for the %
Kumar Concrete with approach. aggregates concrete by researching the replacement of recycled
recycled concrete durability features. materials in terms of the
16 aggregates requirement for pure
strength alone.
 Alaa A. Feasibility of This research aims on utilizing It aims to investigate the Using polyethylene glycol as a It is made of coarse
Bashandy1 , Using Recycled reused materials from viability of using self- chemical curing agent recycled aggregates rather
Mohamed A. Aggregates in Self- construction generated as a curing concrete made with increases the strength of than typical coarse
Safan1 , Curing Concrete result of a growth of the coarse aggregate obtained recycled aggregate self-curing aggregates, and it can be
Mohamed M. construction industry and from old construction compared to standard cured cured without using
ELLyien demolition waste as a result of sites. concrete, while standard curing
restoration and disasters. superplasticizer SP improves techniques.
the main fresh and hardened
17
concrete qualities of recycled
aggregate concrete.

Jing Li, Jun Mechanical In order to help the environment This study investigated the Demolished Concrete Block- The usage of Demolished
Zhang, Shuna performance and and the economy, infrastructure feasibility of producing Filled Concrete produced Conrete Blocks instead of
Ni, Libo Liu, environmental development has begun to pay concrete from demolished using saturated Demolished regular concrete produced
Lubinda F. impacts of self- more attention to reducing and concrete blocks (DCBs). Concrete Blocks showed considerable
Walubita compacting recycling construction and quicker strength increase and environmental benefits.
concrete with demolition waste (CDW). fewer surface flaws.
18 recycled
demolished
concrete blocks
 Víctor Revilla- Assessment of One of the main research areas The objective of this No other study that the authors Understanding the plastic
Cuesta, Marta longitudinal and that attempts to improve the research is to conduct a of this publication are aware behavior of concrete
Skaf, Amaia transversal plastic sustainability of the construction thorough analysis of the of provides an analysis of under axial loading,
Santamaría, behavior of industry is the use of wastes as elastic properties of non- transversal plastic behavior particularly the
Vanesa Ortega- recycled aggregate alternatives for cement clinker confined self-compacting without being restricted to any transversal strain patterns,
López, Juan self-compacting and Natural Aggregate (NA) in concrete. kind of concrete. has been addressed by this
19 Manuel Manso concrete: A two- the production of concrete. study.
way study

Barroqueiro, High-Performance In order to minimize the use of by substituting fine and According to the authors, one The obtained results
T.; da Silva, Self-Compacting natural resources in the coarse recycled aggregates of the primary reasons for a absolutely show that it is
P.R.; de Brito, Concrete with production of concrete and, as a from the precast industry potential performance decline still possible to create
J. Recycled result, significantly lessen the for natural aggregates in these concrete mixes is due high-performance self-
Aggregates from environmental impact of both (NA), which permits the to the microstructural compacting concrete with
the Precast (construction and demolition use of this type of characteristics of the fully adequate durability
Industry: waste and extracting natural aggregates in the industrial aggregate/binder transition attributes, despite the
Durability aggregates), the main goal of process in the future zone. negative impact of the
Assessment this paper is to provide the without concerns existence of recycled
industry with an easy and cost- regarding the expected materials.
effective way of disposing durability performance, in
and recovering recycled waste order to produce high-
20 from precast reinforced concrete performance self-
elements rejected during the compacting concrete with
quality control process. a lower environmental
impact.
 Chang Sun, Utilization of waste The most effective way to the feasibility of For the application of self- The self-compacting
Qiuyi Chen, concrete recycling lessen the negative effects of the preparing self-compacting compacting recycled concrete, recycled concrete can
Jianzhuang materials in self- building industry's landfill waste concrete (SCC) by the workability and achieve acceptable
Xiao, Weidong compacting on the environment is to recycle incorporating waste mechanical qualities of Self mechanical performance
Liu concrete construction and demolition concrete recycling Compacting Conrete using when compared to the
waste. materials (WCRMs). Waste Concrete Recycling ordinary Self-compacting
Materials are extremely Concrete without Waste
important. Concrete Recycling
21
Materials.

Fenollera, M.; Experimental For self-compacting concrete A mechanical research and In this project, low density and It is intended to include
Míguez, J.L.; Study on Thermal (SCC), which is produced with a a thermal analysis of high porosity—properties that environmental
Goicoechea, I.; Conductivity of dual sustainable goal of recycled SCC specimens in principle might be considerations into
Lorenzo, J. Self-Compacting recycling manufacturing waste have both been done to problematic—are seen as product design to enhance
Concrete with (consumption) and improving confirm the technical advantages when creating its environmental
Recycled the thermal properties of the suitability of the concrete sections that, among other performance over the
Aggregate. manufactured product (energy obtained. things, serve as thermal course of its complete life
efficiency), the research focuses insulators. cycle, in particular its
on the use of recycled aggregate duration and residual
(RA), which is made from waste treatment.
22 pieces generated during
production in precast plants.
 B.M. Vinay Experimental The use of fine recycled In this study, the use of The literature contains review Self-compacting concrete
Kumar, H. studies on concrete aggregate has been the coarse and fine recycled papers on the use of coarse mixes can use recycled
Ananthan, utilization of focus of in-depth research. concrete aggregates recycled concrete aggregate resources, such as coarse
K.V.A. Balaji coarse and finer (CRCA and FRCA) in (CRCA) in recycled aggregate and fine recycled concrete
fractions of self-compacting concrete concrete (RAC) mixes. To aggregates recovered
recycled concrete (SCC) mixes is analyzed. learn more about the physical, from concrete waste, at
aggregates in self chemical, strength, and replacement levels of
compacting durability features of CRCA 20%.
concrete mixes and RAC, several
experimental research are
being conducted. However,
23 the majority of these research
focus on regular grades of
concrete.
 Mohammed Evaluation of high- This research investigates when After being exposed to Due to the heterogeneous structure
According
of concrete,
to the
evaluating
study, concrete's durability to h
Abed & Jorge performance self- being exposed to high high temperatures, it non-destructive
de Brito compacting temperatures, it was shown that quantitatively assesses the techniques, particularly
concrete using self-compacting concrete is less residual density, the Ultrasonic Pulse
alternative resistant to such temperatures compressive strength, Velocity test, are valuable
materials and and has a significantly higher flexural strength, and and long-lasting ways to
exposed to elevated propensity for spalling than ultrasonic pulse velocity get comprehensive
temperatures by vibrated concrete. (UPV) of high- information about
non-destructive performance self- structures that have been
testing compacting concrete subjected to fire. This
24 (HPSCC). saves time and effort
while also helping to save
the structures.
 Abdulkader The possibility of This study aims to incorporate By breaking these Waste Plastic Fibers (WPF) The test results revealed
Ismail Al- enhancing some waste plastic fibers (WPF) made materials into fibers, are added to concrete to make that plastic fibers have a
Hadithi & properties of self- from cutting beverage bottles to which are subsequently it more ductile and less brittle. negative impact on self-
Nahla Naji compacting self-compacted concrete (SCC) employed in the SCC to The primary function of WPF compacting concrete's
Hilal concrete by adding in order to develop some change them into a fibers is to distribute stress initial qualities while
waste plastic fibers features of SCC. concrete sustainable across the crack and hence improving its hardened
material, this research prevent crack initiation and properties.
aims to make use of the spread.
Waste Plastic (WP) of
25 recycled polyethylene
terephthalate (PET)
bottles.

Mohammed Properties of self- This paper focus on creating By examining the impact Due to the usage of Recycled With the same amount of
Abed, Rita compacting high- vibrated recycled aggregate of reused recycled concrete aggregate and Reused chemical admixture, the
Nemes, strength concrete concrete (RAC) from recycled concrete aggregates recyled concrete aggregate fresh properties of
Bassam A. containing multiple concrete aggregates (RCA) used (RRCA) on the initial, after at least six months Recycled aggregate
Tayeh use of recycled in place of natural source physical, mechanical, and following the casting of their Concrete and Reused
aggregate materials. microstructural parent concretes, the findings recycled concrete
characteristics of self- of this study are representative aggregate belong to the
compacting high-strength of the behavior of any building same class of fresh
26 concrete (SCHSC), this in reality. properties.
study aims to promote the
cradle-to-cradle idea.
 Prediction of One of the most promising This study intends to The description of polymer Future research will focus
Dr. Kazimierz Structural technologies has been precast anticipate the mechanical concrete using the commercial on selecting the kind and
Józefiak and Performance of polymer concrete, but it has not performance of polymer Abaqus finite element method shape of the
Rafał Vinyl Ester yet realized its full potential. concrete (PC) structural (FEM) software's concrete reinforcement using the
Michalczyk Polymer Concrete components. The damaged plasticity (CDP) numerical solution.
Using FEM Elasto- composition of vinyl ester material model is presented in
Plastic Model polymer concrete and the this research.
findings of experimental
research to ascertain the
fundamental mechanical
characteristics of the
27 substance are provided.
 Alexandros A. Dimensional Budget constraints, a lack of Examine and test the 3D Employing multiple scanning In comparison to
Lavdas, Nikos Stability of 3D resources, and a short timeline printers' ability to produce techniques to determine and conventional lightweight
A. Salingaros, Printed Objects are frequent problems for pieces using fused compare the interior structure's non-load bearing concrete
Michael W. Made from Plastic construction projects. Therefore, deposition modeling dimension accuracy. hollow masonry blocks,
Mehaffy Waste Using FDM: contractors are seeking for ways (FDM) that are created According to the research, the hourdi slab hollow bocks,
Potential to increase productivity and use from plastic waste for use interior pattern produced in and concrete face bricks,
Construction less expensive materials in order in the construction of the scanning direction is more 3D printed pieces created
Applications to become more competitive. buildings with various accurate in terms of from plastic waste using
internal designs and infill dimensions than the vertical FDM printers are less
structures in order to printing procedure. The expensive.
minimize costs. distribution of temperature
along the scanning route is
28 uniform in the vertical
direction, per the results of the
finite element analysis (FEA).
 Golam Fahim, Recycling of Particularly in the medical The study outlines a Clearly describe the The bonding strength and,
Md. Tofazzal Plastic Polymer: industry where single-use procedure for producing performance of concrete consequently, the
Hossain, Reinforcement of plastic is frequently utilized, composite concrete from incorporating recycled waste mechanical strength of the
Stapheny Building Material plastic waste causes serious COVID-19 syringe waste plastic in terms of its fresh, syringe plastic fiber-
Penheiro, Md. Using Polymer environmental risks. Millions of using cylindrical mechanical, and durability reinforced polymer
Iffat Bin Zakir, Plastics of Used tons of waste syringes have been specimens made of qualities based on testing (SPFRP) will both be
Md. COVID-19 produced worldwide as a result reinforced fiber polymer findings. increased by evenly
Shamsuzzaman Syringes of increased PPE use brought on materials and subjecting mixing the syringe plastic
, Mohammad by the COVID-19 epidemic, them to mechanical tests. aggregate with the
Sarwar posing a serious hazard to all concrete.
29 Morshed, life forms.
Sakib Hossain
Khan and Abu
Hamja
 Pooja Recycling/reuse of Researchers are looking into The usage of plastic waste Comprehensive analysis of the In this study, eco-
Lamba, Dilraj plastic waste as creative and sustainable ways to in bricks, tiles, concrete, variety of plastic waste innovative engineering
Preet construction reuse and recycle plastic trash to and roadways is examined materials, including polythene, materials with improved
Kaur, Seema material for lessen its negative in this research. It talks polypropylene (PP), performance were created
Raj & Jyoti sustainable environmental effects as a result about how plastic trash polyethylene terephthalate using recycled
Sorout development: a of the sharp growth in plastic affects durability, water (PET), high-density polythene polyethylene terephthalate
review production and the resulting absorption, and strength (HDPE), low-density (PET), reducing the
plastic waste. properties, as well as how polythene (LDPE), and environmental effect of
it might work as a cement polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and plastic consuming activity
and sand alternative or as whether they are suitable for and restricting the
an aggregate or binder. use in the production of ongoing consumption of
bricks, tiles, construction raw materials. Concrete
blocks, and concrete for loses some of its
constructing roads. flexibility when waste
plastic is added. In the
construction of roads, a
30 mixture of waste plastic
and crumb rubber serves
as a modifier and binder.
 Michela Lerna, Effect of the Plastics are categorized as a In order to reduce Chemically or mechanically With the indisputable
Dora Foti, Chemical and type of solid trash that is environmental impact and processed materials are added benefits that it would
Andrea Mechanical produced in higher numbers and ongoing raw material use, to mixes as fibers or as a bring, the utilization of
Petrella, Maria Recycling of PET pose a serious danger to the the study investigates the substitute for fine sand. polyethylene terephthalate
Francesca on the Thermal and sustainability of the utilization of recycled (PET) waste results in a
Sabbà and Mechanical environment. polyethylene terephthalate decrease in pollution.
Sulyman Response of (PET) in the creation of
31 Mansour Mortars and eco-innovative
Premixed Screeds engineering materials.
 Mohammed Use of plastic Humans use all of their potential This essay examines To contrast the qualities of Rainwater won't permeate
Jalaluddin waste in civil to increase their consumption. India's growth and low- several building materials with the tar due to the plastic in
constructions and Nothing happens as a result of cost homes while bottles, including brick, it. This technique will
innovative this high consumption unless the emphasizing the rising use ceramic, and concrete block. thereby reduce the need
decorative material initial resources are decreased of renewable resources For lighting, a solar bomb (a for road maintenance.
(eco-friendly) and landfill space is increased. like solar and geothermal bottle filled with a solution of Utilizing cutting-edge
energy. The study bleaching agent) will be materials with sustainable
highlights the growing installed on the roof. applications, like plastic
significance of plastic in bottles, may have several
daily life while also advantages, such as
discussing the identifying the best way
advancements made in the to optimize the region's
32 development of these use of energy and halting
renewable and alternative environmental damage.
energies.
 Maddodi, B. Repurposing Plastic garbage is a consequence The goal of the current To find the ideal mix of raw The replacement can
S.; A, L. plastic wastes in of industrial activity that is study is to succinctly materials for making bricks, a lessen plastic waste,
U.; Devesh, non-conventional accumulating quickly and is summarize the findings of multiresponse research was increase the usage of
S.; Rao, A. engineered wood degrading the environment since laboratory experiments carried out using the Data wood waste, and
U.; Shenoy, G. building bricks for it is not biodegradable. done to ascertain if the Envelopment Analysis (DEA) encourage a more
B.; Wijerathne, constructional method of creating method. environmentally friendly
H. application - A engineered wood building industry.
T.; Sooriyaperk mechanical construction bricks from
asam, N.; M, P. characterization plastic trash might be put
K. using experimental into practice.
33
and statistical
analysin
 Processing Urbanization and shifting This analysis focuses on One of the biggest obstacles to The purpose of this study
Mohammad Ja techniques on human lifestyles are mostly to construction and building- the recycling of plastic waste was to determine whether
waid, Balbir Si plastic waste blame for the enormous quantity related plastic waste in the packaging business is waste plastic might be
ngh, Lau materials for of waste that is created and recycling solutions. It the existence of various used in place of cement in
Kia Kian, Shei construction and dumped each year. implies that recycling contaminants. Discusses the the manufacture of
kh building plastic trash can improve limitations on its use at the building bricks and
Ahmad Zaki, A applications environmental moment as well as the existing concrete blocks.
.M. Radzi sustainability and offer a methods for processing plastic
consistent source of trash for various building
building materials. The purposes. There are also some
study emphasizes the potential directions for plastic
benefit of replacing all recycling and research
34 solid components in initiatives.
cementitious composites
with recycled plastic
waste.
M.A. Dalhat , H.I. Al-Abdul Cement-less
Wahhab and Millions of Metric tons of In comparison to Portland Portland cement or Mending of the crack RP
asphalt-less plastic wastes (PW) are Cement Concretes (PCCs) conventional asphalt BC efficiency is over 92%
concrete bounded generated globally as of the year and Asphalt Concretes binder Cement (or PW in the compared to AC efficienc
by recycled plastic 2014. (ACs), the mechanical case of inflexible pavement) y of 9%. The RPBCs outp
characteristics of recycled and finer aggregate were erform the ACs in terms o
plastic bounded concretes entirely replaced. f moisture resistance and t
(RPBCs) were examined emperature sensitivity.
in the study. Some RPBCs and may be
demonstrated compressive used by scholars in the
strength that was future.
35 comparable to that of ACs
and even strong PCCs.

Ashraf Reusing waste Increased trash disposal, mostly The use of plastic bottles The two benefits of disposing Plastic bottles may be
Mansour Habib plastic bottles as an at dump sites, as a result of in construction will be of such waste items are used as infill for
Mansour, alternative industrialization, economic looked at in this study as a presented in this study. for the buildings, which not only
Subhi A. Ali sustainable development, and population structurally and thermally thermal improvement of eases the load of garbage
building material expansion has led to a number novel sustainable building structures made with such disposal but also
of environmental problems and method. waste materials, without promotes environmental
disruptions to the ecological harming the environment. consciousness and is
36 system. regarded as a suitable
thermal insulation
material.
 P.O. Awoyera, Plastic wastes to Due to their high level of This study investigates The present use of PW for Using plastic wastes for
A. Adesina construction pollution, plastic trash is alternative methods for various building applications construction applications
products: Status, becoming a serious hazard to turning plastic trash into is discussed in this study, would considerably
limitations and the ecosystem. amounts new goods. Also discussed along with the existing increase the sustainability
future perspective produced that seriously affect is the grave danger posed restrictions on its of the environment and
the environment and its by the abundance of act as a dependable
inhabitants. The maritime plastic garbage in our supply of building
environment is one of the main marine ecosystem. materials. Additionally, it
victims of this threat. has been discovered that
using recycled plastic
waste as a component in
cementitious composites
is the most advantageous
since it can be utilized to
37 replace all of the
composite's solid
components.
 Abdel Tawab Recycling Waste The global production of plastic This study assessed the The purpose of this study was Due to its low weight,
OF, Amin MR, Plastic Bags as a waste (PW) is measured in use of melted waste plastic to determine whether waste using waste plastic to
Ibrahim MM, Replacement for millions of metric tons. Modern bags in place of cement plastic might be used in place create building materials
Abdel Wahab Cement in civilization has a major while making concrete of cement in the manufacture like bricks and concrete
M, Abd El Production of environmental issue from plastic blocks and construction of building bricks and concrete blocks is useful. weight,
Rahman EN, Building Bricks garbage since it contains various bricks. blocks. tremendous adaptability
Hassanien RH, and Concrete harmful substances that, if not and capacity to be
Hatem MH and Blocks properly managed, can damage modified to meet unique
Ghaly AE* the land, water, and air. technological demands.
Moreover, using waste
plastic in place of cement
will
decrease environmental
38 issues related to the
cement industry as well as
those related to the
disposal of used plastic.
 P.O. Plastic wastes to This study investigates It is stated that the usage This article discusses the The use of PW in
Awoyera, A. construction several techniques of recycle of plastic trash for present usage of PW in building applications
Adesinab products: Status, plastic wastes into new goods building applications various building opens the door to using
limitations and in order to identify an would considerably applications, as well as the these wastes for long-
future perspective effective solution to manage increase environmental limitations to its use. term purposes rather
these wastes and increase the sustainability while also Potential areas for than short-term ones
sustainability of our serving as a reliable expanding plastic recycling like as recycling into
environment. The urgent supply of resources for and research projects are new goods, which will
problem of plastic trash in our construction uses. also stated. end up as trash in a
marine ecosystem is also Furthermore, it has been short period of time.
discussed. The limitations of shown that using The use of PW in
using plastic trash for recycled plastic waste as construction
building uses, as well as the a component in applications will tackle
opportunities, are examined. cementitious composites both the solid waste
is the most management problem
39 advantageous since it and the depletion of raw
can be utilized to replace material deposits
all solid components of utilized in building.
the composite. PW's potential usage as
a binder, aggregates,
and fibers makes it a
plausible alternative for
all components in
cementitious
composites, with very
minor negative impacts
on the final composite's
performance.The usage
of PW in diverse
building applications
will result in a variety
 Paul O. Characterization of There is rising interest in Within the constraints of The current investigation is The use of ceramic
Awoyera, ceramic waste employing waste materials the trials conducted in centered on the mechanical waste aggregate as an
Julius M. aggregate concrete like ceramics as alternative this study, concrete characterisation of waste attempt to replace
Ndambuki, aggregate materials in manufactured using ceramic wall and floor tile and/or add to
Joseph O. building. While other ceramic ceramic waste aggregate aggregate concrete. Ceramic construction is
Akinmusuru,
David O.
product wastes, such as (CWA) as a replacement garbage was sorted from comparable. Therefore,
Omole sanitary wares and electrical for a portion of the other debris in building and this study is benefitial
insulators, have received natural aggregates can demolition waste and as a guide to further
substantial research, there is be deemed a reasonable smashed with a quarry know different ceramic
little information available on alternative to regular metal hammer.In waste as to be used in
ceramic wall and floor tile concrete. In reality, it is accordance with construction.
wastes. more suited than requirements, ceramic tiles
standard concrete in were sieved into fine and
terms of strength. coarse particles. Gravel,
river sand, cement, and
40 drinkable water were also
utilised. Slump testing was
used to determine the
workability of new
concrete.
 P. Singh, V.P Integrated Plastic Plastic waste management is a Primary pollution and It is advised that incentive This study is benefitial
Sharma Waste critical issue. waste avoidance is programs for recycling as a training and
Management: possible by directing activities be developed and educational background
Environmental and companies to remove or implemented, as well as or building block to
Improved Health limit the quantity of recycling funds be support and know on
Approaches
toxic chemicals used in established. Plastic how different types of
manufacturing, reduce biomedical waste disposal plastic behave and how
packing materials for methods are another critical these types of plastic
products, and design part of infection prevention can be used and
items that last longer that must be checked. To recycled to further
and are simpler to avoid negative replace and be used in
recycle, reuse, and consequences, landfill construction.
41 repair. It tries to leachates must be examined
decrease total trash on a regular basis for
generation at the source. phthalates and their
metabolites, metals, and
other possible xenobiotics.
 Fayza S. Rubber and plastic This paper is divided into two An innovative process Hydrocarbons are the main This article investigates
Hashem, Taha wastes as sections. The purpose of this for converting rubber elements of the two wastes, the use of rubber and
A. Razek, Hani alternative refused research is to investigate the and plastic waste into according to laboratory plastic waste as a partial
A. Mashout fuel in cement feasibility of employing cement or concrete. In examination. Rubber waste substitute for traditional
industry rubber waste (RW) and the cement business, (RW) contains more CHN, fossil fuels used in the
cement industry, as well
plastic waste (PW) as sources rubber and plastic waste sulfur, and chloride than as the qualities of the
of refuse-derived fuel in are utilized as plastic waste (PW), which resulting cement.
cement plants. The research is alternative fuel. Rubber has the greatest carbon and
separated into two sections. and plastic ash might sulfur oxide emissions when
The first step is to investigate contaminate the cement used as a source for RDFs.
the effectiveness of RW and produced. Rubber and
PW as fuel sources, as well as plastic ash were tested
the properties of their ashes. on Ordinary Cement
The impacts of RW and PW pastes.
42 ash residue on the
physicochemical and
hydration parameters of
Portland cement clinker were
investigated in the second
half.
 Nursyamsi The influence of The reason for using LDPE The experimental According to the results, the The complete design,
Nursyamsi, the usage of ldpe plastic pellets as a substitute research approach is addition of LDPE plastic material and tool
Ivan Indrawan, plastic waste as for plastic materials is that used in this study. The pellets to the sand can preparation, and
Prasetyo fine aggregate in LDPE plastic pellets have a element of this study is reduce the content weight of concrete brick
Ramadhan light concrete lower density than sand, so the use of LDPE the brick as well as the construction process, as
bricks
the brick should be lighter recycled plastic pellets compressive strength of the well as the maintenance
despite having the same composition as an test material by 57.02%. procedure, to make
composition, and it can also additional component in However, the compressive high-quality concrete
reduce environmental concrete brick by strength test on the brick bricks, several factors
problems because LDPE lowering the quantity of and cube test objects has must be carefully
plastic waste is difficult to sand, and the percentage different values despite considered. That's why
decompose by nature but of LDPE plastic pellets being of the same quality this study is benefitial
gradually produced by utilized in this research due to the effect of shape. as learning materials for
humans, resulting in is 0%, 20%, 25%, 30%, The tensile strength of the the researchers to
excessive waste. and 50% of the weight specimen reduced by handle and use plastic
43 of sand. 45.15% with the addition of waste carefully and
20% LDPE plastic pellets, efficiently in
and the absorption test construction.
decreased by 23.09%,
indicating that the concrete
brick has less voids if it was
mixed with the plastic
pellets.
 Ridham Recycling of This paper focuses on The composite tiles Plastic waste composite tiles Composite tiles
Dhawana, Brij plastic waste into developing an effective developed present a were created using a simple developed may be
Mohan Singh tiles with reduced alternative for disposing of revolutionary technique extrusion process followed utilized to construct
Bisht, Rajeev flammability and waste plastic bags by for re-using waste by compression molding. structures that are light
Kumar, Saroj improved tensile designing tiles with improved plastic material in our The basic treatment was in weight, resistant to
Kumari, S.K. strength
Dhawan
mechanical strength, lower daily lives and industries applied to thermal power corrosion, chemically
flammability, resistance to in an ecologically station fly ash to remove resistant, inexpensive in
strong acids and bases, and responsible and cost- undesirable iron particles. cost of manufacturing,
organic solvent resistance, so effective manner. To make the fine powder, have a longer service
that tiles can be used to the flaky TPP particles were life, and, most
design structures for paver pulverized and crushed. significantly, utilise
tiles for societal use. Plastic bags were collected, what is a societal threat-
separated, and cleaned for plastic trash.
reuse. After washing and
drying, they were shredded
44 into smaller pieces and
blended with various filler
materials according to the
composition. Following
that, the mixture is extruded
as wires using a single
screw extruder, and the
extrusion settings for
extruding various waste
plastic composites are
provided.
 Sheelan M. Fresh properties of The purpose of this study was The experimental To achieve the same Although increasing the
Hama, Nahla self-compacting to look at the impact of findings of this study uniformity and consistency plastic percentage
N. Hilal concrete with employing plastic waste as a demonstrated that plastic in all mixes, the mixing reduced the slump flow
plastic waste as partial replacement for fine garbage with the sizes process provided by Khayat diameters of concretes,
partial replacement aggregate on the fresh and contents employed et al. was used. The strength the results were
of sand
properties of self-compacting in this work may be data showed that using satisfactory for the
concrete (SSC). successfully used as a plastic waste in self- majority of self-
fine aggregate in self- compacting concrete compact concrete
compacting concrete. manufacture resulted in a applications. The slump
systematic decrease in flow widths of mixes
compressive strength. The made from coarse
use of coarse plastic trash plastic trash with
reduced the compressive longitudinal particles
45 strength of self-compacting were smaller than those
concrete more than the use made from fine plastic
of fine plastic waste. waste and mixed plastic
garbage.
 F.S. Khalid, Performance of Synthetic plastics are Synthetic fibers had As the load compression Incorporating RPET
J.M. Irwan, plastic wastes in frequently abandoned, little effect on beam rises, a significant volume fibers into reinforced
M.H. Wan fiber-reinforced resulting in contamination of control behavior at yield of fibers put into concrete concrete beams can lead
Ibrahim, N. concrete beams the environment. To address and ultimate loads. The can attain the absolute to improved cracking
Othman, S. this issue, plastic waste is strength of the initial maximum load (fiber strength and enhanced
Shahidan recycled as fiber in concrete. fracture in a beam yielding) and operate as a behavior in the linear
The compressive strength, containing fibers fiber bridge. This elastic region without
splitting tensile, fracture enhanced when mechanism is due to the compromising the
energy, and flexural beam compared to regular fibers' interlocking tensile overall structural
testing of synthetic fibers in a concrete during the strength and failure up to performance. However,
concrete matrix were cracking stage. The use the maximum fiber tensile the specific benefits and
performed in this work. of synthetic fibers in strength, which may result applicability may
reinforced concrete in slippage as the tensile depend on the context
achieved substantial load rises. When compared and requirements of the
results, especially in the to the typical specimen, concrete structures in
46 linear elastic zone. irregularly shaped PET question.
When compared to fibers showed minor
irregularly shaped differences in tensile
fibers, the mechanism of strength. The volume of the
bridging of the RPET additional fibers had no
fiber was more visible. effect on the tensile strength
Tensile tension caused of concrete containing
the RPET fibers inserted irregularly shaped PET
into the concrete to fail fibers in this investigation.
through rupture.
 Awham Employment the The use of recycled plastic The investigation's The first experimental The benefits of this
Mohammed plastic waste to aggregate (RPA) as an findings offered a analysis of the study are multifaceted.
Hameed, Bilal produce the light alternative aggregate material brilliant concept to characteristics of concrete It not only provides an
Abdul -Fatah weight concrete has been proposed as a way invest plastic waste and made with recycled eco-friendly solution for
Ahmed to reduce the environmental manufacture concrete Polyethylene Terephthalate plastic waste
impact of both concrete and with a lower density (PET) Flake aggregates is management but also
plastic waste. Recycled than ordinary concrete. reported in this work. Five offers the potential for
plastic aggregate concrete By doing so, we can batches of concrete were producing cost-effective
(RPAC) is increasingly preserve the made with varying PET concrete with improved
recognized as a promising environment from the levels (1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, mechanical properties.
technology that can help the harmful effects of and 10%) by weight of These findings can have
building sector save plastic trash while also Portland cement. The positive implications for
resources. producing a new influence of RPA content on both environmental
cementitious product each batch's compressive sustainability and the
with low cost and better strength, flexural strength, construction industry.
47 qualities. It may also be splitting tensile strength,
established that adding and hardened density is
plastic waste (PET) to investigated.
cement mortar increases
the mechanical qualities
of the mortar at a
specific PET percentage.
 Thangaraj Low carbon Because of the environmental Thermally treated The fly ash utilized in this The study offers
Sathanandam, building: consequences of producing specimens have investigation had a low insights into the
Paul O. Experimental Ordinary Portland cement somewhat greater calcium content (ASTM potential benefits of
Awoyera, insight on the use (OPC), the push to create flexural strength. class F) and a specific using fly ash-based
Venkudusamy fly ash and glass
of alternative binders that can Natural cured specimens surface area of 420 m2 kg- geopolymer concrete
fibre for making
Vijayan, geopolymer
completely replace OPC is in terms of strength. The 1. It came from the Mettur with glass fiber
Karupannan concrete gaining traction in the influence of alkaline thermal power facility. The reinforcement. These
Sathishkumar building industry. solution molarity on environmental impact of fly benefits include
geopolymer flexural ash use can be a major environmental
strengths is discussed. concern during its reuse; sustainability, enhanced
The maximum flexural however, when fly ash is mechanical properties,
strength was found with used in concrete, its optimization of mix
the 16 M solution environmental impact can design, and the
activated geopolymers at be monitored through a advantage of thermal
0.3% fiber addition. The process known as curing. These findings
48 existence of reactive beneficiation, which can inform more
amorphous phase in the involves reducing the sustainable and stronger
geopolymerization amount of heavy metals construction practices in
process might explain content in fly ash. the field of civil
the increase in strength. engineering and
infrastructure
development.
 Malek Use of selected This research addresses the It has been proposed to Glass, plastics, and The study offer insights
Batayneh, waste materials in issue of building waste, reuse some of these demolished concrete are into the benefits,
Iqbal Marie, concrete mixes which includes destroyed waste materials to among the waste items challenges, and
Ibrahim Asi concrete, glass, and plastic. substitute a proportion investigated for recycling in practical
of the primary this study. Such recycling recommendations for
ingredients used in not only helps to conserve utilizing construction
ordinary portland natural resources, but it also waste materials in
cement concrete (OPC) aids in the resolution of a construction projects.
in order to dispose of or rising trash disposal These findings
at least decrease the challenge. Crushed concrete contribute to more
buildup of certain types was used to replace up to sustainable and cost-
of trash. 20% of fine particles in effective construction
concrete mixes, while practices, while also
ground plastics and glass considering the
were used to replace up to performance and long-
49 20% of coarse aggregates. A term durability of the
series of laboratory tests materials in various
were conducted to examine applications.
the effects of these
substitutions on the
characteristics of the OPC
mixtures.
 Arul Recycled plastic The use of recycled plastic Plastics and demolition Three types of recycled This study is benefitial
Arulrajah, granules and and demolition trash as trash were considered as plastic waste granules were because the use of
Ehsan demolition wastes alternative building materials building materials. tested in mixes with plastics as a building
Yaghoubi, as construction offers various environmental Three different types of Crushed Brick (CB) and material in conjunction
Yat Choy materials: Resilient and economic benefits. New plastics and two Reclaimed Asphalt with demolition trash
moduli and
Wong, strength
chances to recycle plastic and different types of Pavement (RAP): Linear will hasten the adoption
Suksun characteristics demolition trash into demolition trash were Low Density Polyethylene of Construction industry
Horpibulsuk alternative resource materials evaluated. filled with Calcium recycle their
for the building industry Tests for resilient Carbonate (LDCAL), High byproducts.
would lessen landfill moduli and strength. Density Polyethylene Furthermore, the plastic
difficulties while also As a building material, (HDPE), and Low Density blends were created
considerably lowering global 5% plastics was Polyethylene (LDPE). without the need for any
carbon emissions. discovered to be the Strength, stiffness, and further processes, such
Infrastructure projects often optimal composition. resilience moduli of the as bending plastic
require large amounts of created blends were granules into fibers,
50 virgin quarry materials; measured. To describe the resulting in
hence, using plastic and stiffness qualities of the considerable energy and
demolition trash as alternative plastic/demolition waste cost savings.
construction materials will blends, resilient moduli
divert large amounts of these prediction models were
wastes from landfills. suggested utilizing
Repeated Load Triaxial
(RLT) testing.