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L13 Assignment Ops

The document discusses increment, decrement, and assignment operators in C programming. It provides examples of how to use the ++, --, +=, -=, *=, /=, and %= operators. It also gives tips for debugging code such as tracing it by hand or inserting print statements to check variable values.

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32 views6 pages

L13 Assignment Ops

The document discusses increment, decrement, and assignment operators in C programming. It provides examples of how to use the ++, --, +=, -=, *=, /=, and %= operators. It also gives tips for debugging code such as tracing it by hand or inserting print statements to check variable values.

Uploaded by

rupomzayan58
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Assignment Operators

Topics
 Increment and Decrement Operators
 Assignment Operators
 Debugging Tips

Reading
 Sections 3.11 - 3.12

Increment and Decrement


Operators
 The increment operator ++
 The decrement operator --
 Precedence: lower than (), but higher than * /
and %
 Associativity: right to left
 Increment and decrement operators can only be
applied to variables, not to constants or
expressions

Increment Operator
 If we want to add one to a variable, we can say:
count = count + 1 ;
 Programs often contain statements that
increment variables, so to save on typing, C
provides these shortcuts:
count++ ; OR ++count ;
Both do the same thing. They change the value
of count by adding one to it.
Postincrement Operator
 The position of the ++ determines when the value is
incremented. If the ++ is after the variable, then the
incrementing is done last (postincrementation).
int amount, count ;
count = 3 ;
amount = 2 * count++ ;

 amount gets the value of 2 * 3, which is 6, and then 1


gets added to count.
 So, after executing the last line, amount is 6 and count is
4.

Preincrement Operator
 If the ++ is before the variable, then the incrementing is
done first (preincrementation).
int amount, count ;
count = 3 ;
amount = 2 * ++count ;
 1 gets added to count first, then amount gets the value of
2 * 4, which is 8.
 So, after executing the last line, amount is 8 and count is
4.

Code Example Using ++


#include <stdio.h>
int main ( )
{
int i = 1 ;
/* count from 1 to 10 */
while ( i < 11 )
{
printf (“%d ”, i) ;
i++ ; /* same as ++i */
}
return 0 ;
}
Decrement Operator
 If we want to subtract one from a variable, we can say:
count = count - 1 ;
 Programs often contain statements that decrement
variables, so to save on typing, C provides these
shortcuts:
count-- ; OR --count ;
Both do the same thing. They change the value of count
by subtracting one from it.

Postdecrement Operator
 The position of the -- determines when the value is
decremented. If the -- is after the variable, then the
decrementing is done last (postdecrementation).
int amount, count ;
count = 3 ;
amount = 2 * count-- ;

 amount gets the value of 2 * 3, which is 6, and then


1 gets subtracted from count.
 So, after executing the last line, amount is 6 and count is
2.

Predecrement Operator
 If the -- is before the variable, then the decrementing is
done first (predecrementation).
int amount, count ;
count = 3 ;
amount = 2 * --count ;

 1 gets subtracted from count first, then amount gets the


value of 2 * 2, which is 4.
 So, after executing the last line, amount is 4 and count is
2.
A Hand Trace Example
Code Value Answer
int answer, garbage = 4; 4 garbage
value = value + 1 ;
value++ ;
++value ;
answer = 2 * value++ ;
answer = ++value / 2 ;
value-- ;
--value ;
answer = --value * 2 ;
answer = value-- / 3 ;

Practice
Given
int a = 1, b = 2, c = 3 ;

What is the value of this expression?

++a * b - c--

What are the new values of a, b, and c?

More Practice
Given
int a = 1, b = 2, c = 3, d = 4 ;

What is the value of this expression?

++b / c + a * d++

What are the new values of a, b, c, and d?


Assignment Operators
= += -= *= /= %=
Statement Equivalent Statement
a=a+2; a += 2 ;
a=a-3; a -= 3 ;
a=a*2; a *= 2 ;
a=a/4; a /= 4 ;
a=a%2; a %= 2 ;
b=b+(c+2); b += c + 2 ;
d=d*(e-5); d *= e - 5 ;

Practice with Assignment


Operators
int i = 1, j = 2, k = 3, m = 4 ;

Expression Value
i += j + k

j *= k = m + 5

k -= m /= j * 2

Code Example Using /= and ++


Counting the Digits in an Integer
#include <stdio.h>
int main ( )
{
int num, temp, digits = 0 ;
temp = num = 4327 ;
while ( temp > 0 )
{
printf (“%d\n”, temp) ;
temp /= 10 ;
digits++ ;
}
printf (“There are %d digits in %d.\n”, digits, num) ;
return 0 ;
}
Debugging Tips
 Trace your code by hand (a hand trace),
keeping track of the value of each variable.
 Insert temporary printf() statements so you can
see what your program is doing.
 Confirm that the correct value(s) has been read in.
 Check the results of arithmetic computations
immediately after they are performed.

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