3YDC LL.B.

Honours

3YDC LLB (HONS) SYLLABUS

I - Semester
1. Law of Contacts - I
2. Family Law - I
3. Constitutional Law - I
4. Law of Torts
5. Environmental Law
6. Legal and Constitutional History of India

II - Semester
1. Law of Contacts - II
2. Family Law - II
3. Constitutional Law - II
4. Law of Crimes
5. Human Rights Law
6. Law of Consumer Protection

III - Semester
1. Jurisprudence
2. Administrative Law
3. Law of Property
4. Company Law
5. Labour Law - I
6. Public International Law

IV - Semester
1. Labour Law - II
2. Interpretation of Statutes
3. Intellectual Property Law
4. Land Laws
5. Private International Law
6. Law of Insurance

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3YDC LLB (HONS) SYLLABUS

V - Semester
1. Law of Evidence
2. Civil Procedure Code & Law of Limitation
3. Criminal Procedure Law, Law of Juvenile Justice and
Probation of Offenders
4. Law of Taxation
5. Principles of Legislation and Legislative Drafting
6. Alternate Dispuite Resolution
7. Professional Ethics and Professional Accounting Systems

II - Semester
1. Information Technology Law
2. Law of Banking and Negotiable Instruments
3. Principles of Equity and Trusts
4. Drafting of Pleadings & Conveyancing
5. Moot Courts, Observation of Trial, Pre-trial Preparations &
Intership
6. Elective - I
(A) Law Relating to Women & Children
OR
(B) Law of Insolvency

7. Elective - II
(A) International Humanitarian Law
OR
(B) Citizenship and Immigration Law

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FACULTY OF LAW: OSMANIA UNIVERSITY

SYLLABUS OF LL.B.Honours (3-YDC)
(WITH EFFECT FROM ACADEMIC YEAR 2017-2018)
SEMESTER-I
PAPER-I: LAW OF CONTRACT–I

Unit-I: Definition and essentials of a valid Contract - Definition

and essentials of a valid Offer – Definition and essentials
of valid Acceptance - Communication of Offer and
Acceptance
- Revocation of Offer and Acceptance through various
modes including electronic medium - Consideration -
salient features - Exception to consideration - Doctrine of
Privity of Contract - Exceptions to the privity of contract -
Standard form of Contract.

Unit-II: Capacity of the parties - Effect of Minor’s Agreement -

Contracts with insane persons and persons disqualified by
law - Concepts of Free Consent - Coercion - Undue
influence - Misrepresentation - Fraud - Mistake - Lawful
Object - Immoral agreements and various heads of public
policy - illegal agreements – Uncertain agreements –
Wagering agreements - Contingent contracts - Void and
Voidable contracts.

Unit-III: Discharge of Contracts - By performance - Appropriation

of payments - Performance by joint promisors - Discharge
by Novation - Remission - Accord and Satisfaction –
Discharge by impossibility of performance (Doctrine of
Frustration) - Discharge by breach - Anticipatory Breach -
Actual breach.

Unit-IV: Quasi Contract - Necessaries supplied to a person who is

incapable of entering into a contract - Payment by an
interested person - Liability to pay for non-gratuitous acts
– Rights of finder of lost goods – Things delivered by
mistake or coercion - Quantum merit - Remedies for breach
of contract - Kinds of damages – liquidated and
unliquidated damages and penalty - Duty to mitigate.

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Unit-V: Specific Relief - Recovering possession of property - Specific

performance of the contract - Rectification of instruments
- Rescission of contracts - Cancellation of instruments-
Declaratory Decrees-Preventive Relief-Injunctions -
Generally - Temporar y and Perpetual injunctions -
Mandatory & Prohibitory injunctions – Injunctions to
perform negative agreement.

Suggested Readings:
1. Anson: Law of Contract, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
2. Krishnan Nair: Law of Contract , S.Gogia & Co., Hyderabad.
3. G.C.V. Subba Rao: Law of Contract, S.Gogia & Co., Hyderabad.
4. T.S.Venkatesha Iyer: Law of Contract, revised by Dr.V.Krishnama
Chary, S. Gogia & Co.
5. Avatar Singh: Law of Contract , Eastern Book Company, Lucknow.

PAPER-II: FAMILY LAW–I (Hindu Law)

Unit-I: Sources of Hindu Law – Scope and application of Hindu

Law – Schools of Hindu Law – Mitakshara and Dayabhaga
Schools – Concept of Joint Family, Coparcenary, Joint
Family Property and Coparcenary Property – Institution
of Karta- Powers and Functions of Karta - Pious Obligation
- Partition – Debts and alienation of property.

Unit-II: Marriage - Definition - Importance of institution of

marriage under Hindu Law – Conditions of Hindu Marriage
– Ceremonies and Registration – Monogamy – Polygamy-
Recent Trends in the institution of marriage.

Unit-III: Matrimonial Remedies under the Hindu Marriage Act,

1955 - Restitution of Conjugal Rights – Nullity of marriage
– Judicial separation – Divorce – Maintenance pendente
lite – importance of conciliation- Role of Family Courts in
Resolution of matrimonial disputes.

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Unit-IV: Concept of Adoption – Historical perspectives of adoption

in India – In country and inter-country adoptions - Law
of Maintenance - Law of Guardianship – The Hindu
Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956 – The Hindu
Minority and Guardianship Act 1956.

Unit-V: Succession – Intestate succession – Succession to the

property of Hindu Male and Female; Dwelling House –
The Hindu Succession Act, 1956 as amended by the Hindu

Succession (Andhra Pradesh Amendment) Act, 1986 & the

Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005 – Notional
Partition – Classes of heirs – Enlargement of limited estate
of women into their absolute estate – Daughters right to
inherit ancestral property and impact of recent changes
in law.

Suggested Readings:

1. Paras Diwan : Modern Hindu Law, Allahabad Agency, Delhi.

2. Paras Diwan : Family Law, Allahabad Agency, Delhi.

3. Mayne: Hindu Law - Customs and Usages , Bharat Law House,

New Delhi.

4. Sharaf: Law of Marriage and Divorce.

5. G.C.V. Subba Rao, Family Law in India, S. Gogia & Company,

Hyderabad.

6. Mayne’s Treatise on Hindu Law & Usage, Bharath Law House.

7. Y.F. Jaya Kumar, Horizons of Family Law in India-Select Essays ,

Spandana Publications,Secunderabad

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Paper III: CONSTITUTIONAL LAW-I

Unit-I : Constitution-Meaning and Significance - Evolution of
Modern Constitutions –Classification of Constitutions-
Indian Constitution - Historical Perspectives -
Government of India Act, 1919-Government of India
Act, 1935-Drafting of Indian Constitution - Role of
Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly

Unit-II : Nature and Salient Features of Indian Constitution -

Preamble to Indian Constitution – Union and its
Territories-Citizenship - General Principles relating to
Fundamental Rights (Art.13) - Definition of State

Unit-III : Right to Equality(Art.14-18) – Freedoms and

Restrictions under Art.19 - Protection against Ex-post
facto law - Guarantee against Double Jeopardy -
Privilege against Self- incrimination - Right to Life and
Personal Liberty - Right to Education – Protection
against Arrest and Preventive Detention

Unit-IV : Rights against Exploitation - Right to Freedom of

Religion - Cultural and Educational Rights - Right to
Constitutional Remedies - Limitations on Fundamental
Rights(Art.31- A,B and C)

Unit-V : Directive Principles of State Policy – Significance –

Nature – Classification - Application and Judicial
Interpretation - Relationship between Fundamental
Rights and Directive Principles - Fundamental Duties
– Significance - Judicial Interpretation

Suggested Readings
1. M.P.Jain, Indian Constitutional Law, Wadhwa & Co, Nagpur

2. V.N.Shukla, Constitution of India, Eastern Book Company,

Lucknow

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3. Granville Austin, Indian Constitution-Cornerstone of a Nation,

OUP, New Delhi
4. H.M.Seervai, Constitutional Law of India (in 3 Volumes),
N.M.Tripathi, Bombay
5. G.C.V.Subba Rao, Indian Constitutional Law, S.Gogia & Co.,
Hyderabad
6. B.Shiva Rao: Framing of India’s Constitution (in 5 Volumes),
Indian Institute of Public Administration, New Delhi
7. J.N.Pandey, Constitutional Law of India, Central Law Agency,
Allahabad

Paper-IV: Law of Torts

LAW OF TORTS INCLUDING MOTOR VEHICLE
ACCIDENTS AND CONSUMER PROTECTION LAWS

Unit-I: Nature of Law of Torts - Definition of Tort - Elements of

Tort - Development of Law of Torts in England and India -
Wrongful Act and Legal Damage - Damnum Sine Injuria
and Injuria Sine Damno - Tort distinguished from Crime
and Breach of Contract - General Principles of Liability in
Torts - Fault - Wrongful intent - Malice - Negligence -
Liability without fault - Statutory liability - Parties to
proceedings.

Unit-II: General Defenses to an action in Torts – Vicarious Liability

- Liability of the State for Torts – Defence of Sovereign
Immunity – Joint Liability – Liability of Joint Tortfeasors –
Rule of Strict Liability (Ryland’s V Fletcher) – Rule of
Absolute Liability (MC Mehta vs. Union of India) –
Occupiers liability – Extinction of liability – Waiver and
Acquiescence – Release – Accord and Satisfaction - Death.

Unit-III:Specific Torts - Torts affecting the person - Assault - Battery

- False Imprisonment – Malicious Prosecution - Nervous
Shock - Torts affecting Immovable Property - Trespass to
land - Nuisance - Public Nuisance and Private Nuisance

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Unit-IV: Torts relating to movable property – Liability arising out

of accidents (Relevant provisions of the Motor Vehicles
Act)-Defamation - Negligence - Torts against Business
Relations - Injurious falsehood - Negligent Misstatement
- Passing off – Conspiracy - Torts affecting family relations

Unit-V: Remedies - Judicial and Extra-judicial Remedies –Damages

– Kinds of Damages – Assessment of Damages –
Remoteness of damage (In Re Prolemis & Wagon Mount
Case) - Injunctions - Death in relation to tort - Action
personalis moritur cum persona- Latest trends in relation
to tortuous liability-Mass tort actions etc

Suggested Readings:

1. Winfield & Jolowicz : Law of Tort, Sweet and Maxwell, London.

2. Salmond and Heuston : Law of Torts, edition, 2nd Indian reprint,
Universal Book traders, New Delhi.
3. Ramaswamy Iyer: The Law of Torts, LexisNexis Butterworths,
New Delhi.
4. PSA Pillai’s: Law of Tort, Eastern Book Company, Lucknow.
5. Durga Das Basu: The Law of Torts, Prentice Hall of India, New
Delhi.
6. Ratanlal & Dhirajlal: The Law of Torts, LexisNexis.
7. R.K.Bangia: Law of Torts, Allahabad Law Agency, Allahabad.
8. Vivienne Harpwood: Law of Torts, Cavendish Publishing Ltd.
London.
9. Hepple & Mathews: Tort - Cases and Materials, Butterworth,
London.
10. D.N.Saraf: Law of Consumer Protection in India, Tripati,
Bombay.

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Paper V: Environmental Law

PAPER–V: ENVIRONMENTAL LAW

Unit-I: The meaning and definition of environment – Ecology -

Ecosystems-Biosphere - Biomes – Ozone depletion -
Global Warming - Climatic changes - Need for the
preser vation, conservation and protection of
environment - Ancient Indian approach to environment-
Environmental degradation and pollution - Kinds, causes
and effects of pollution

Unit-II: Common Law remedies against pollution - trespass,

negligence, and theories of Strict Liability & Absolute
Liability - Relevant provisions of I.P.C. and Cr.P.C. and C.P.C.,
for the abatement of public nuisance in pollution cases -
Remedies under Specific Relief Act – Reliefs against smoke
and noise - Noise Pollution.

Unit-III: The law relating to the preservation, conservation and

protection of forests, wild life and endangered species,
marine life, coastal ecosystems and lakes etc. - Prevention
of cruelty towards animals - The law relating to prevention
and control of water pollution - Air Pollution -
Environment pollution control mechanism - Law relating
to environment protection – Role of National
Environmental Tribunal, National Environmental
Appellate Authority and National Green Tribunal.

Unit-IV: Art. 48A and Art. 51A(g) of the Constitution of India - Right
to wholesome environment - Right to development -
Restriction on freedom of trade, profession, occupation
for the protection of environment – Immunity of
Environment legislation from judicial scrutiny(Art.31C) -
Legislative powers of the Centre and State Government -
Writ jurisdiction - Role of Indian Judiciary in the evolution
of environmental jurisprudence.

Unit-V: International Environmental Regime - Transactional

Pollution - State Liability – Customary International Law

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- Liability of Multinational corporations/Companies –

Stockholm Declaration on Human Environment, 1972 -
The role of UNEP for the protection of environment -
Ramsar Convention 1971 – Bonn Convention (Migratory
Birds) 1992 - Nairobi Convention, 1982 (CFCC) -
Biodiversity Convention (Earth Summit), 1992 - Kyoto
Protocol 1997, Johannesburg Convention 2002.

Suggested Readings:
1. Armin Rosencranz and Shyam Divan: Environmental Law and
Policy in India.
2. Manoj Kumar Sinha (Ed), Environmental Law and Enforcement:
The Contemporary Challenges, Indian Law Institute, New Delhi,
2016.
3. A.Agarwal (Ed.): Legal Control of Environmental Pollution
4. Chetan Singh Mehta: Environmental Protection and Law
5. V.K. Krishna Iyyer: Environment Pollution and Law
6. Paras Diwan : Environmental Law and Policy in India,1991
7. Dr. N. Maheshwara Swamy, Environmental Law, Asia Law
House, Hyderabad.
8. P.Leela Krishnan, Environmental law in India, LexisNexis.

Paper-VI:
LEGAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY OF INDIA

Unit-I: COURTS: Administration of Justice in the Presidency

Towns (1600-1773) and the development of courts and
judicial institutions under the East India Company. Warren
Hastings’ Plan of 1772 and the Adalat System of Courts;
Reforms made under the Plan of 1774 and reorganization
in 1780. Regulating Act of 1773 — The Supreme Court at
Calcutta, its composition, power and functions and failure
of the Court — Act of 1781 – Supreme Court vis-a-
vis Moffussil Courts. Judicial measures of Cornwallis 1787,
1790, 1793 - Progress of Adalat System under Sir John
Shore.

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Unit-II: Indian High Courts Act, - 1861 Conflicts arising out of

the dual judicial system – Tendency for amalgamation of
the two systems of Courts - the Indian High Courts Act,
1911 - the Government of India Act, 1915 - High Courts
under the Government of India Act, 1935 - High Courts
under the Indian Constitution. Development of Rule of
Law, Separation of Powers, Independence of Judiciary —
Judicial Committee of Privy Council as a Court of Appeal
to hear appeals from Indian decisions — Abolition of the
jurisdiction of the Privy Council to hear appeals from
Indian decisions.

Unit-III: LEGISLATURE: Legislative authority of the East India

Company under the Charter of Queen Elizabeth, 1600 —
Changes under the Regulating Act, 1773 — Act of 1781
— Act of 1813 — Act of 1833 — Establishment of
Legislature of an all India character in 1834.

Unit-IV: The Indian Council Act, 1861 — Central Legislative Council

and its composition, powers and functions. Government
of India Act of 1900 - Government of India Act of 1919 —
Setting up of bicameral system of legislature at the Centre
in place of Imperial Council consisting of one House. The
Government of India Act, 1935 — the Federal Assembly
and the Council of States, its composition, powers and
functions — Legislative Assemblies in the Province. Law
Reform and Law Commission.

Unit-V: LEGAL PROFESSION:

Legal Profession in Pre-British India
— Principles in ancient Indian system. Law practitioners
in the Mayor’s Courts established under the Charter of
1726. Organisation of Legal Profession under the Charter
of 1874. Provision for enrolment of Advocates, Vakils and
Attorneys under the Legal Practitioner’s Act, 1853.

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Suggested Readings:
1. Herbet Cowall: The History and Constitution of the Courts
and Legislature Authorities in India, 1936.
2. M.Y. Pylee: Constitutional History of India, 1600-1950.
3. M.P. Jain: Outlines of Indian Legal History.
4. A.B. Keith: A Constitutional History of India, 1600-1935.
5. Rama Jois: Legal and Constitutional History.

II SEMESTER
PAPER–I: LAW OF CONTRACT–II

Unit-I : Indemnity and Guarantee - Contract of Indemnity,

definition - Rights of Indemnity holder - Liability of the
indemnified - Contract of Guarantee - Definition of
Guarantee – Essential characteristics of Contract of
Guarantee - Distinction between Indemnity and
Guarantee - Kinds of Guarantee - Rights and liabilities of
Surety - Discharge of surety. Contract of Bailment -
Definition of bailment - Essential requisites of bailment -
Kinds of bailment - Rights and duties of bailor and bailee
- Termination of bailment - Pledge – Definition of pledge
– Rights and duties of Pawnor and Pawnee - Pledge by
non-owner.

Unit-II: Contract of Agency - Definition of Agent - Creation of

Agency - Rights and duties of Agent – Delegation of
authority - Personal liability of agent - Relations of
principal and agent with third parties - Termination of
Agency.

Unit-III: Contract of Sale of Goods - Formation of contract - Subject

matter of sale - Conditions and Warranties - Express and
implied conditions and warranties - Pricing - C a v e a t
Emptor – Hire Purchaser Agreements.

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Unit-IV: Property - Possession and Rules relating to passing of

property - Sale by non-owner – Nemo dat quad non habet
- Delivery of goods - Rights and duties of seller and buyer
before and after sale - Rights of unpaid seller - Remedies
for breach.

Unit-V: Contract of Partnership - Definition and nature of

partnership - Formation of partnership- Test of
partnership - Partnership and other associations -
Registration of firm - Effect of non-registration - Relations
of partners - Rights and duties of partners – Property of
firm - Relation of partners to third parties - Implied
authority of partners – Kinds of partners - Minor as
partner - Reconstitution of firm - Dissolution of firm –
Limited Liability Partnership (LLP)

Suggested Readings:
1. Anson’s Law of Contract, Oxford University Press, London.
2. Venkatesha Iyyer: The Law of Contracts and Tenders, Gogia
& Company Hyderabad.
3. Cheshire & Fifoot: Law of Contract, Butterworth, London.
4. Mulla: The Indian Contract Act, N.M.Tripati (P) Ltd. Bombay.
5. G.C.V. Subba Rao: Law of Contracts, S. Gogia & Co.,
Hyderabad.
6. Krishnan Nair: Law of Contracts, S. Gogia & Co. Hyderabad.
7. Avatar Singh: Law of Contracts, Eastern Book Company,
Lucknow.
8. A Ramaiah’s Sale of Goods Act, The Law Book Co.,
Allahabad.
9. Benjamin’s Sale of Goods, Sweet & Maxwell, London.
10. P.S.Atiyah: Sale of Goods Act, Universal Book Traders, Delhi.
11. Charles D.Drale: Law of Partnership, Sweet & Maxwell,
London.
12. Bowstead On Agency, Sweet and Maxwell, London.

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PAPER – II: FAMILY LAW-II

(Muslim Law and Other Personal Laws)

Unit-I: Origin and development of Muslim Law - Sources of

Muslim Law - Schools of Muslim Law – Difference
between the Sunni and Shia Schools – Sub-schools of
Sunni Law – Operation and application of Muslim Law -
Conversion to Islam - Effects of conversion – Law of
Marriage, nature of Muslim Marriage - Essential
requirements of valid Marriage - Kinds of Marriages -
distinction between void, irregular and valid marriage -
Dower (Mahr) - Origin, nature and importance of dower,
object of dower and classification of dower.

Unit-II: Divorce - Classification of divorce - different modes of

Talaq - Legal consequences of divorce - Dissolution of
Muslim Marriage Act, 1939 - Maintenance, Principles of
maintenance, Persons entitled to maintenance - The
Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act,
1986 - Effect of conversion on maintenance and
difference between Shia and Sunni Law.

Unit-III: Parentage - Maternity and Paternity - Legitimacy and

acknowledgment - Guardianship - Meaning – Kinds of
guardianship - Removal of guardian - Difference between
Shia and Sunni Law. Gift - Definition of Gift - Requisites
of valid gift - Gift formalities – Revocation of gift - Kinds
of gift. Wills - Meaning of Will - Requisites of valid Will –
Revocation of Will - Distinction between Will and Gift -
Difference between Shia and Sunni Law.

Unit-IV: Waqf _ Definition - Essentials of Waqf - Kinds of Waqf –

Creation of Waqf - Revocation of Waqf - Salient features
of the Waqf Act, 1995 – Mutawalli - Who can be
Mutawalli – Powers and duties of Mutawalli - Removal
of Mutawalli and Management of Waqf property.
Succession - Application of the property of a deceased
Muslim - Legal position of heirs as representatives -
Administration - Waqf Tribunals and Jurisdiction.

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Unit-V: Special Marriage Act, 1954 - Salient features of Indian

Divorce Act, 1869 - Domicile – Maintenance to
dependents/ Spouses - Intestate succession of Christians
under the Indian Succession Act, 1925.

Suggested Readings:
1. Tahir Mahmood: The Muslim Law of India,Law Book
Company, Allahabad.
2. Aquil Ahmed: Text Book of Mohammadan Law, Central Law
Agency, Allahabad.
3. G.C.V. Subba Rao: Family Law in India, S.Gogia & Company,
Hyderabad.
4. Asaf A.A.Fyzee: Outlines of Mohammadan Law, Oxford
University Press, Delhi.
5. Mulla: Principles of Mohammedan Law.
6. Paras Divan: Family Law (Hindu, Muslim, Christian, Parsi and
Others), Allahabad Law Agency, Allahabad.
7. M.A. Qureshi: Text Book on Muslim Law,Central Law
Publications, Allahabad.
8. B.R. Varma, Mohammedan Law, Delhi Law House, New
Delhi.

Paper III: CONSTITUTIONAL LAW-II

Unit-I : Legislature under Indian Constitution - Union and State

Legislatures - Composition, Powers, Functions and Privileges
- Anti-Defection Law - Executive under Indian Constitution
- President and Union Council of Ministers Governor and
State Council of Ministers - Powers and position of President
and Governor

Unit-II: Judiciary under Constitution - Supreme Court - Appointment

of Judges, Powers and Jurisdiction – High Courts -
Appointment and Transfer of Judges - Powers and
Jurisdiction - Subordinate Judiciary - Independence of
judiciary - Judicial Accountability

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Unit-III :Centre State Relations - Legislative, Administrative and

Financial Relations – Cooperation and Coordination
between the Centre and States - Judicial Interpretation of
Centre-State Relations - Doctrines evolved by Judiciary

Unit-IV :Liability of State in Torts and Contracts - Freedom of

Interstate Trade, Commerce and Inter course - Services
under the State - All India Ser vices - Public Ser vice
Commissions

Unit-V : Emergency – Need of Emergency Powers - Different kinds

of Emergency - National, State and Financial emergency -
Impact of Emergency on Federalism and Fundamental
Rights - Amendment of Indian Constitution and Basic
Structure Theory

Suggested Readings
:
1. M.P.Jain, Indian Constitutional Law, Wadhwa & Co, Nagpur
2. V.N.Shukla, Constitution of India, Eastern Book Company,
Lucknow
3. Granville Austin, Indian Constitution-Cornerstone of a
Nation, OUP, New Delhi
4. H.M.Seervai, Constitutional Law of India (in 3 Volumes),
N.M.Tripati, Bombay
5. G.C.V.Subba Rao, Indian Constitutional Law, S.Gogia & Co.,
Hyderabad
6. B.Shiva Rao, Framing of India’s Constitution (in 5 Volumes),
Indian Institute of Public Administration, New Delhi
7. J.N.Pandey, Constitutional Law of India, Central Law Agency,
Allahabad

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Paper IV: LAW OF CRIMES

Unit-I: Concept of crime - Definition and meaning of crime -

Distinction between crime and tort - Stages of crime -
Intention, Preparation, Attempt and Commission of Crime
- Elements of Crime - Actus Reus and Mensrea -
Codification of Law of Crimes in India - Application of the
Indian Penal Code – Territorial and Extra Territorial
application - General Explanations - Punishments.

Unit-II: General exceptions - Abetment - Criminal Conspiracy -

Offences against the State – Offences against public peace
and Tranquility – Increasing tendency of offences under
S.153-A and S.153-B

Unit-III: Offences affecting human body (offences affecting human

life) Culpable Homicide and Murder – Hurt and Grievous
Hurt - Wrongful restraint and Wrongful confinement –
Criminal force and Assault - Kidnapping
abduction
and -
Sexual offences - Unnatural offences.
Unit-IV: Offences affecting the public health, safety, convenience,
decency and morals – Offences against Property - Theft -
Extortion - Robbery & Dacoity - Cheating - Mischief -
Criminal Trespass – Criminal misappropriation and Criminal
breach of trust.
Unit-V: Offences by or relating to public servants - False Evidence
and Offences against Public Justice - Offences relating to
documents - Offences relating to Marriage - Cruelty by
husband and relatives of husband - Defamation.

Suggested Readings:
1. Ratanlal and Dhiraj Lal: Indian Penal Code, Wadhwa & Co.
2. Achutan Pillai: Criminal Law, Butterworth co.
3. Gour K.D.: Criminal Law - Cases and Materials, Butterworth Co.
4. Kenny’s: Outlines of Criminal Law, Cambridge University Press.
5. K.N. Chandrasekharan Pillai, General Principles of Criminal Law,
Indian Law Institute, New Delhi.
6. K.N. Chandrasekharan Pillai, Essays on Indian Penal Code, Indian
Law Institute, New Delhi.

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Paper-V: Human Rights Law

Unit-I: Meaning and definition of Human Rights - Evolution of
Human Rights - Human Rights and Domestic Jurisdiction
– classification of Human Rights – Third World Perspectives
of Human Rights.

Unit-II: Adoption of Human Rights by the UN Charter - U.N.

Commission on Human Rights – Universal Declaration of
Human Rights - International Covenants on Human Rights
(Civil and Political; Economic, Social and Cultural).

Unit-III : Regional Conventions on Human Rights - European

Convention on Human Rights – American Convention on
Human Rights - African Charter on Human Rights(Banjul).

Unit-IV : International Conventions on Human Rights - Genocide

Convention, Convention against Torture, CEDAW, Child
Rights Convention, Convention on Statelessness,
Convention against Slavery, Convention on Refugees -
International Conference on Human Rights(1968) - World
Conference on Human Rights(1993).

Unit-V : Human Rights Protection in India - Human Rights

Commissions - Protection of Human Rights Act - National
Human Rights Commission (NHRC) - State Human Rights
Commissions - Human Right Courts in Districts.

Suggested Readings:
1. P.R. Gandhi (ed): Blackstone’s International Human Rights
Documents, Universal Law Publishing Co. Delhi.
2. Richard B. Lillich and Frank C. Newman: International Human
Rights - Problems of Law and Policy, Little Brown and
Company, Boston and Toronto.
3. Frederick Quinn: Human Rights and You, OSCE/ ODIHR,
Warsaw, Poland
4. T.S. Batra: Human Rights – A Critique, Metropolitan Book
Company Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
5. Dr.U. Chandra: Human Rights, Allahabad Law Agency
Publications, Allahabad.

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Paper VI: Law of Consumer Protection

Unit – I : Consumer Protection Movement-Historical Perspectives

- Consumer Protection Movement in modern times –
Emergence of Consumer Organizations, Consumer
Associations and Consumer Action Groups - Position in
India, USA and U.K. – Evolution of Consumer Protection
law - Position in Common Law – Liability for Negligence
and injurious falsehood – Product Liability.

Unit- II: U.N. Guidelines on Consumer Protection – Constitution

and Consumer Protection – Problems of Consumers -
Consumer Protection under various statutes in India – The
Agricultural Produce (Grading and Marking) Act, Bureau
of Indian Standards Act – MRTP Act -
Essential Commodities Act – Competition Act -Trademarks
Act– Prevention of Food Adulteration Act - Food Safety
and Standards Act – Sale of Goods Act –Standards of
Weights and Measures Act – Drugs and Cosmetics Act etc
- Effect of GST on Consumers – Impact of RERA Act on
Consumer rights.

Unit- III: The Consumer Protection Act, 1986 – Aims and Objectives
– Salient features - Rights of Consumers - Definition of
Consumer, Consumer Dispute, Service, Defect in Goods,
Deficiency in Services, Unfair Trade Practices and
Restrictive Trade Practices – Consumer and Public Utility
Services, Professional Services – Liability of Doctors and
Hospitals in Medical Profession – Control of Unfair Trade
Practices.

Unit- IV: Consumer Protection Mechanism under the C.P. Act –

District Forum, State Commission and National
Commission – Their composition, Jurisdiction, procedure
and powers - Consumer Protection Councils.

Unit- V: Remedies under the C.P. Act - Remedies under other Laws
-Appeals and Revision- Vexatious and frivolous complaints
– Procedure for filing a consumer dispute – Offences
against Consumers – Criminal Responsibility –
Effectiveness of penal sanctions.

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 3YDC LL.B. Honours

Suggested Readings:
1. P. Leelakrishnan (Ed), Consumer Protection and Legal
Control , Eastern Book Company
2. Avtar Singh, Law of Consumer Protection: Principles and
Practice,, Eastern Book Company, 1997)
3. R. M. Vats, Consumer and the Law , Universal Book Traders
4. D. N. Saraf, Law of Consumer Protection in India N.M. Tripathi
5. Indian Law Institute, A Treatise on Consumer Protection laws
6. G.B.Reddy, Law of Consumer Protection in India, Gogia Law
Agency

Semester-III
PAPER-I: JURISPRUDENCE

Unit-I: Meaning and Definition of Jurisprudence — General and

Particular Jurisprudence – Elements of Ancient Indian
Jurisprudence — Schools of Jurisprudence — Analytical,
Historical, Philosophical and Sociological
of Schools
Jurisprudence. Theories of Law — Meaning and Definition
of Law — The Nature and Function of Law — The Purpose
of Law — The Classification of Law — Equity, Law and
Justice — Theory of Sovereignty.

Unit-II: Sources of Law — Legal and Historical Sources —

Legislation - Definition of legislation – Classification of
legislation- Supreme and Subordinate Legislation - Direct
and Indirect Legislation - Principles of Statutory
Interpretation. Precedent — Definition of Precedent —
Kinds of Precedent — Stare Decisis — Original and
Declaratory Precedents — Authoritative and Persuasive
Precedents. Custom – Definition of Custom – Kinds of
Custom – General and Local Custom – Custom and
Prescription - Requisites of a valid custom - Relative merits
and demerits of Legislation , Precedent and Custom as a
source of Law . Codification — Advantages and
disadvantages of codification.

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 3YDC LL.B. Honours

Unit-III: Persons — Nature of personality — Legal Status of Lower

Animals, Dead Persons and Unborn persons — Legal
Persons — Corporations — Purpose of Incorporation —
Nature of Corporate Personality Rights and Duties —
Definition of Right — Classification of Rights and Duties
— Absolute and Relative Rights and Duties — Rights and
Cognate concepts like Liberty, Power, Immunity, Privilege
etc.

Unit-IV: Obligation — Nature of Obligation — Obligation arising

out of Contract, Quasi Contract, trust and breach of
obligation etc. — Liability — Nature and kinds of liability
— Acts — Men’s Rea — Intention and Motive —
Relevance of Motive — Negligence — Strict Liability —
Accident — Vicarious Liability — measure of Civil and
Criminal Liability.

Unit-V: Ownership — Definition and kinds of Ownership -

Possession — Elements of Possession – Relation between
Ownership and Possession — Possessory Remedies —
Property — Meaning — Kinds of Property — Modes of
Acquisition of Property — Legal Sanctions - Meaning of
Sanction — Classification of Sanctions — Civil and Criminal
Justice — Concept of Justice — Theories regarding
purpose of Criminal Justice — Deterrent, Preventive,
Reformative and Retributive theories.

Suggested Readings:
1. Salmond: Jurisprudence, Universal Publishers.
2. Paton : Jurisprudence
3. Allen : Law in the Making, Universal Publishers.
4. Mahajan V.D.: Legal Theory and Jurisprudence, Eastern Book
Company, Lucknow,
5. Dias : Jurisprudence, Aditya Books.
6. Rama Jois, Legal and Constitutional History of India, Universal
Law Publications, Delhi.
7. G.C.V. Subba Rao, Jurisprudence and Legal Theory, Eastern
Book Company.

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 3YDC LL.B. Honours

Paper II: ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

Unit-I: Nature and scope of Administrative Law — Meaning,

Definition and Evolution of Administrative Law— Reasons
for the growth of Administrative Law — Relationship
between Administrative Law and Constitutional Law.

Unit-II: Basic concepts of Administrative Law — Rule of Law —

Interpretationof Dicey’s Principle of Rule of Law —
Modern trends - Theory of Separation of Powers —
Position in India, UK and USA

Unit-III: Classification of Administrative functions — Legislative,

Quasi-judicial, Administrative and Ministerial functions —
Delegated Legislation — Meaning, Reasons for the growth
and Classification of delegated legislation— Judicial and
Legislative Control of Delegated litigation.

Unit-IV: Judicial Control of Administrative Action - Grounds of

Judicial Control — Principles of Natural Justice —
Administrative discretion and its control - Wednesbury
Principle(Doctrine of Proportionality) – Doctrine of
legitimate expectation .

Unit-V: Remedies available against the State — Writs — Lokpal

and Lokayukta — Liability of the State in Torts and
Contracts — Rule of Promissor y Estoppels —
Administrative Tribunals - Commissions of Inquiry —
Public Corporations.

Suggested Readings:
1. Griffith and Street: Principles of Administrative Law.
2. H.W.R.Wade: Administrative Law, Oxford Publications, London.
3. De Smith: Judicial Review of Administrative Action, Sweet and
Maxwell.
4. S.P. Sathe: Administrative Law, Butterworths.
5. I.P.Massey: Administrative Law, Eastern Book Company.

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 3YDC LL.B. Honours

Paper III: Law of Property

Unit-I: Meaning and concept of property — Kinds of property —

Transfer of property — Transferable and non-transferable
property — Who can transfer — Operation of transfer —
Mode of transfer — Conditional transfer —Void and
unlawful conditions — Condition precedent and condition
subsequent — Vested and contingent interest — Transfer
to unborn persons

Unit-II: Doctrine of Election — Covenants — Transfer by ostensible

owner — Doctrine of Feeding the Grant by Estoppels —
Doctrine of Lis Pen dens — Fraudulent Transfer — Doctrine
of Part-performance.

Unit-III: Sale- Essential features — Mode of Sale — Rights and

liabilities of parties. Mortgage – Kinds of Mortgages - Rights
and liabilities of mortgagor and mortgagee — Marshalling
and Contribution — Charges.

Unit-IV: Lease — Essential features — Kinds of leases — Rights and

liabilities of lesser and lessee — Termination of lease —
forfeiture — Exchange — Gifts — Different types of gifts —
Registration of Gifts — Transfer of Actionable Claims.

Unit-V: Easements — Definition of easement — Distinction

between Lease and License — Dominant and Servant
Tenements. Acquisition of property through testamentary
succession — Will — Codicil — Capacity to execute Will —
Nature of bequests — Executors of Will — Rights and
Obligations of Legatees.

Suggested Readings:
1. Mulla : Transfer of Property, Butterworth’s Publications.
2. Subba Rao GCV: Commentaries on the Transfer of Property Act.
3. Krishna Menon: Law of Property.
4. Upadhyaya’s Common Matrix of Transfer of Property.
5. Avatar Singh, Textbook on The Transfer of Property Act,
Universal Law Publishing Company.

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 3YDC LL.B. Honours

Paper-IV: Company Law

Unit- I : Corporate Personality - General Principles of Company Law

- Nature and Definition of Company - Private Company
and Public Company - Characteristics of a Company -
Different kinds of Company - Registration & Incorporation
of Company - Lifting the Corporate Veil – Company
distinguished from Partnership ,HUF and LLP—Position
under the Companies Acts of 1956 and 2013

Unit – II :Promoters - Memorandum of Association - Doctrine of

Ultravires - Articles of Association - Doctrine of Indoor
Management - Prospectus - Civil and Criminal liability
for misstatement in prospectus - Statement in lieu of
Prospectus - Pre-incorporation Contracts - Membership
in a Company - Borrowing Powers – Debentures &
Charges-Position under the Companies Acts of 1956 and
2013

Unit- III : Shares & Stock - Kinds of shares - Statutory restrictions

on allotment of shares – Intermediaries – Call on shares
forfeiture of shares- Transfer of shares – Transmission of
shares – Reduction on transfer of shares - Rectification of
register on transfer - Certification and issue of certificate
of transfer of shares - Limitation of time for issue of
certificates - Object and effect of share certificate-Position
under the Companies Acts of 1956 and 2013

Unit - IV :Directors – Different kinds of Directors - Appointment,

position , qualifications and disqualifications- powers of
Directors - Rights and Duties of Directors - Meetings and
proceedings - kinds of meetings - Statutory meeting-
Statutor y report - Annual General Meeting -
Extraordinary meeting - Power of the Tribunal to order
meeting - class meetings - Requisites for a valid meeting
- Chairman for meetings - Duties of Chairman - Proxy -
Resolutions – Minutes-Shareholders Activism-Corporate
Social Responsibility-Position under the Companies Acts
of 1956 and 2013

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 3YDC LL.B. Honours

Unit-V : Accounts and Audit - Inspection and Investigation -

Compromises, Reconstruction and Amalgamation -
Majority rule and Rights of minority share holders -
Prevention of oppression and mismanagement - Revival
and rehabilitation of sick industrial companies - Mergers,
Amalgamation and Takeover - Dissolution of a company
– Winding up of companies-Modes of winding up of
companies – consequences of winding up - The insolvency
and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 in relation to winding up of
companies –Authorities under the Act- Department of
Company Affairs - NCLAT, NCLT, Company Law Board,
Regional Directors, ROC, Public Trustee or Advisory
Committee & SFIO -Their powers and functions- –
Jurisdiction of Courts - The impact of the Companies Act,
2013.

Suggested Readings:

1. Shah : Lectures on Company Law, N.M.Tripati, Bombay.

2. Avtar Sing : Company Law, Eastern Book Company.
3. Charlesworth: Company Law, Sweet and Maxwell.
4. Ramaiah: Company Law, Wadhwa & Co.
5. Dutta: Company Law, Eastern Law House, Calcutta.
6. The Companies Act, 2013.
7. Executive Programme Study Material on Company Law, The
Institute of Company Secretaries of India, New Delhi available
atwww.icsi.edu.

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 3YDC LL.B. Honours

PAPER-V: LABOUR LAW –I

Unit-I: Concept of Labour through the ages - Trade Unions:History
of Trade Union Movement - The Trade Union Act 1926 –
Definitions – Registration – Rights and Liabilities of
Registered Trade Unions – Immunities – Amalgamation and
dissolution of Unions – Reorganization of Trade Unions.

Unit-II: Prevention and Settlement of Industrial Disputes in India -

The role of State in Industrial Relations – The Industrial
Disputes Act 1947 - Definition of industry - Industrial
Dispute – Individual Dispute - workman- Lay off –
Retrenchment - Closure -Award –- Strike Lockout

Unit-III: Authorities under the ID Act – Works committee –

Conciliation - Court of inquiry – Labour Courts- Tribunal –
Powers and functions of authorities - Voluntary Arbitration
- Provisions under Chapter V-A & V- B of the Act- Alteration
of conditions of service – Management rights of action
during pendency of proceedings – Recovery of money due
from employer – Unfair labour practices - miscellaneous
provisions of the Act

Unit-IV: Standing Orders - Concept and Nature of Standing Orders

– scope and coverage- Certification process – its operation
and binding effect – Modification and Temporary
application of Model Standing Orders – Interpretation and
enforcement of Standing Orders and provisions contained
in the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act 1946.

Unit-V: Disciplinary Proceedings in Industries - Charge sheet –

Explanation – Domestic enquiry - Enquiry officer – Enquiry
report – Punishment – Principles of Natural Justice.

Suggested Readings:
1. Srivastava: Law of Trade Unions , Eastern Book Company,
Lucknow
2. Goswami : Labour and Industrial Law, Central Law Agency.

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 3YDC LL.B. Honours

3. R.F. Rustomji : Law of Industrial Disputes : Asia Publishing

House, Mumbai
4. S.N. Misra : Labour and Industrial Law, Central Law Agency,
Allahabad.
5. J.N. Malik : Trade Union Law
6. Khan & Khan : Labour Law , Asia Law House, Hyderabad
7. S.C. Srivastava : Industrial Relations and Labour Law, Vikas
Publishing House.
8. Nick Humphreys, Trade Union Law and Collective Employment
Rights.

Paper-VI: Public International Law

Unit-I: Definition, Nature, Scope and Importance of International

Law — Relation of International Law to Municipal Law —
Sources of International Law — Codification.

Unit-II: State Recognition — State Succession — Responsibility of

States for International delinquencies — State Territory
— Modes of acquiring State Territory

Unit-III: Position of Individual in International Law — Nationality

— Extradition — Asylum — Privileges and Immunities of
Diplomatic Envoys — Treaties – Formation of Treaties –
Modes of Consent, Reservation and termination.

Unit-IV: The Legal Regime of the Seas – Evolution of the Law of

the Sea – Freedoms of the High Seas – Common Heritage
of Mankind – United Nations Convention on the Law of
the Seas – Legal Regime of Airspace – Important
Conventions relating to Airspace – Paris, Havana, Warsaw
and Chicago Conventions – Five Freedoms of Air – Legal
Regime of Outer space – Important Conventions such as
Outer space Treaty, Agreement on Rescue and Return of
Astronauts, Liability Convention, and Agreement on
Registration of Space objects, Moon Treaty - Uni space.

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 3YDC LL.B. Honours

Unit-V: International Organizations — League of Nations and

United Nations — International Court of Justice —
International Criminal Court - Specialized agencies of the
UN — WHO, UNESCO, ILO, IMF and WTO.

Suggested Readings:
1. J.G. Starke: Introduction to International Law, Aditya Books,
10th Edition, 1989.
2. J.I. Brierly: The Law of Nations, Oxford Publishers, London.
3. Ian Brownlie: Principles of Public International Law, Oxford
Publishers, London.
4. S.K. Kapoor, Public International Law, Central Law Agencies,
Allahabad.
5. H.O. Agarwal, International Law and Human Rights, Central
Law Publications, Allahabad.
6. S.K. Verma, An Introduction to Public International Law,
Prentice Hall of India.

Paper-VII: ALTERNATE DISPUTE RESOLUTION

The written examination of this paper will be for 50 marks and
the remaining 50 marks for record and viva voce. There shall be
classroom instruction on the following topics:

Unit-I: Alternate Dispute Resolution — Characteristics —

Advantages and Disadvantages—Unilateral — Bilateral —
Triadic (Third Party) Intervention — Techniques and
processes — Negotiation — Conciliation —Arbitration —
Distinction between Arbitration, Conciliation and
Negotiation.

Unit-II: The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 — Historical

Background and Objectives of the Act — Definitions of
Arbitration, Arbitrator, Arbitration Agreement —
Appointment of Arbitrator — Termination of Arbitrator —
Proceedings in Arbitral Tribunal — Termination of
Proceedings — Arbitral Award — Setting aside of Arbitral

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 3YDC LL.B. Honours

Award — Finality and Enforcement of Award — Appeals –

Enforcement of Foreign Awards. Conciliation –
Appointment of Conciliators – Powers and Functions of
Conciliator — Procedure – Settlement of disputes through
conciliation.

Unit-III: Other Alternative Dispute Resolution Systems —Tribunals

— Lokpal and Lokayukta — Lok Adalats —Family Courts.
Section 89 and Order X, Rules 1A, 1B and 1C of Civil
Procedure Code.

Practical Exercises (30 marks)

(a) The students are required to participate in 5 (five) simulation
proceedings relating to Arbitration, Conciliation, Mediation and
Negotiation. Participation in each such simulation proceeding shall
be evaluated for a maximum of 4 (four) marks (Total 5x4=20marks).
(b) Students are required to attend and observe the proceedings
of Lok Adalats, Family Courts, Tribunals and other ADR Systems.
Each student shall record the above observations in the diary which
will be assessed. Record submitted by the student shall be evaluated
for 10 marks by the teacher concerned. The Records of the students
duly certified by the University Representative appointed by the
Controller of Examinations in consultation with the Chairman, BOS
in Law shall be submitted to the University before the
commencement of the theory examinations

Viva- voce (20marks):There shall be viva-voce examination on the

above components. The Viva-voce Board consisting of (i) Principal
of the College/the teacher concerned (ii) University Representative
appointed by the Controller of Examinations in consultation with
the Chairman, BOS in Law, and (iii) an advocate with 10 years
experience at the Bar shall evaluate the student in the Viva. The
proceedings of the viva-voce shall be recorded.

Not e: Attendance of the students in all the four components of

the paper (written examination, participation in simulation
proceedings, submission of record and attendance in viva) shall be
compulsory.

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 3YDC LL.B. Honours

Suggested Readings:
1. O.P. Tiwari : The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, Allahabad
Law Agency.
2. Johar’s : Commentary on Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996,
Kamal Law House.
3. Tripathi S.C.: Arbitration, Conciliation and ADR, Central Law
Agency, Allahabad.
4. Avatar Singh: Arbitration and Conciliation, Eastern Law Book
House, Lucknow.
5. P.C. Rao : Alternate Dispute Resolution , 2001 Edition, Universal
Book Traders, New Delhi.
6. S.D. Singh: Alternate Dispute Resolution, Universal Book
Traders, New Delhi.

IV SEMESTER
Paper-I: Labour Law-II

Unit-I: The Remunerative Aspects – Wages – Concepts of wages -

Minimum, Fair, Living Wages - Wage and Industrial Policies
- Whitley Commission Recommendations -Provisions of
Payment of Wages Act 1936 - Timely payment of wages -
Authorized deductions – Claims - Minimum Wages Act
1948 - Definitions - Types of wages - Minimum rates of
wages - Procedure for fixing and revising Minimum Wages
– Claims -Remedy.

Unit-II: Bonus – concept - Right to claim Bonus – Full Bench formula

- Bonus Commission – Payment of Bonus Act 1965 -
Application – Computation of gross profit, available,
allocable surplus - Eligibility of Bonus -Disqualification of
Bonus - set on – set off of allocable surplus- Minimum and
Maximum Bonus-Recovery of Bonus.

Unit-III: Employees Security and Welfare aspect - Social Security -

Concept and meaning - Social Insurance - Social Assistance
Schemes. Social Security Legislations - Law relating to
workmen’s compensation – The Employee’s Compensation
Act 1923 – Definitions -Employer’s liability for
compensation - Nexus between injury and employment -
payment of compensation - penalty for default - Employees
State Insurance Act 1948 –Application - Benefits under the
Act - Adjudication of disputes and claims – ESI Corporation.

30
 3YDC LL.B. Honours

Unit-IV: Employees Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provisions

Act 1952 – Contributions –Schemes under the Act -
Benefits. The Maternity Benefit Act 1961 - Definitions-
Application - Benefits. The Payment of Gratuity Act1972 –
Definitions – application - Payment of gratuity - eligibility
– forfeiture – Nomination – Controlling authorities.

Unit-V: The Factories Act 1948 - Chapters dealing with Health,

Safety and Welfare of Labour. Child Labour - Rights of child
and the Indian Constitution - Salient features of the Child
Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act 1986 – The Equal
Remuneration Act, 1976.

Suggested Readings

1. S.N.Misra, Labour and Industrial Laws, Central law publication

2. V.G. Goswami, Labour and Industrial Laws, Central Law Agency.
3. Khan & Kahan, Labour Law-Asia Law house, Hyderabad
4. K.D. Srivastava, Payment of Bonus Act, Eastern Book Company
5. K.D. Srivastava, Payment of Wages Act
6. K.D. Srivastava, Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act
1947
7. S.C.Srivastava, Treatise on Social Security
8. Sukumar Singh, Labour Economics, Deep& Deep, New Delhi
9. V.J.Rao, Factories Law

31
 3YDC LL.B. Honours

Paper-II: Interpretation of Statutes

Unit-I: Meaning and Definition of Statutes — Classification of

Statues — Meaning and Definition of Interpretation —
General Principles of Interpretation — Rules of
Construction under the General Clauses Act, 1897.

Unit-II: Grammatical Rule of Interpretation — Golden Rule of

Interpretation – Rule of Interpretation to avoid mischief.

Unit-III: Interpretation of Penal Statutes and Statutes of Taxation

— Beneficial Construction — Construction to avoid conflict
with other provisions — Doctrine of Harmonious
Construction.

Unit-IV: External Aids to Interpretation — Statement of objects of

legislation, Legislative debates, identification of purpose
sought to be achieved through legislation — Internal Aids
to Interpretation — Preamble, title, interpretation clause,
marginal notes, explanations etc. — Presumptions.

Unit-V: Effect of Repeal — Effect of amendments to statutes —

Conflict between parent legislation and subordinate
legislation — Methods of interpreting substantive and
procedural laws.

Suggested Readings:

1. Vepa P. Sarathi: Interpretation of Statutes, Eastern Book Co,

2. Maxwell: Interpretation of Statutes, Butterworths Publications
3. Crawford: Interpretation of Statutes, Universal Publishers.
4. Chatterjee: Interpretation of Statutes.
5. G.P. Singh: Principles of Statutory Interpretation, Wadhwa and
Company,
6. Cross, Statutory Interpretation,LexisNexis

32
 3YDC LL.B. Honours

Paper-III: Intellectual Property Law

Unit-I: Intellectual Property

- Meaning, Nature and Classification
–Significance and need of protection of Intellectual
Property — Main forms of Intellectual Property :
Patents,Trademarks,Industrial designs,Geographical
Indications of Goods,Copyright and Neighbouring Rights-
New forms of Intellectual Property: Plant Varieties
Protection and Biotechnology, GRTK, Layout Designs,
Computer Programmes

Unit-II: Evolution of International Protection of IPRs-Introduction

to the leading International instruments concerning
Intellectual Property Rights –General Principles of
Protection-The Paris Convention,1883- The Berne
Convention,1886 –The Madrid Agreement,1891-The
Patent Co-operation Treaty,1970 – The World Intellectual
Property Organization (WIPO) Conventions- TRIPS
Agreement,1994

Unit-III: Copyright: Meaning, Nature, historical evolution and

significance- The Copyright Act, 1957 – Salient Features-
Idea-Expression Dichotomy-Subjectmatter of Copyright
Protection- Neighboring rights - Ownership of Copyright
–Rights of Authors and owners -Assignment of copyright
–Collective management of copyright- infringement of
copyright and Criteria –Exceptions to infringement -
Authorities under the Act — Remedies for infringement
of copyright.

Unit-IV: Intellectual Property in Trademarks and the rationale of

their protection - The Trade Marks Act, 1999 — Definition
of Trademarks — Distinction between Trademark and
Property Mark - Registration — Passing off — Infringement
of Trademark — Criteria of Infringement — Remedies-
Concept of Industrial designs-The Designs Act, 2000 —
Definition and characteristics of Design — Law in India —
Protection and rights of design holders — Copyright in
design — Registration — Remedies for infringement.

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 3YDC LL.B. Honours

Unit-V: Patents — Concept of Patent — Historical overview of the

Patent Law in India -The Patents Act, 1970 and its salient
features — — Patentable Inventions — Kinds of Patents
— Procedure for obtaining patent in India and in other
countries —Rights and obligations of a patentee —
Limitations on patent rights:compulsory licensing,
acquisition by government and secrecy directions-
Infringement of patent rights and remedies available.

Suggested Readings:

1. P. Narayanan: Intellectual Patent Rights, Eastern Law House

, 1995.
2. Roy Chowdhary, Law of Trademark, Copyrights, Patents and
Designs,Kamal Law House
3. G.B. Reddy, Intellectual Property Rights and the Law Gogia
Law Agency.
4. John Holyoak and Paul Torremans: Intellectual Property
Law.
5. B.L. Wadhera: Intellectual Property Law, Universal
Publishers .
6. W.R. Cornish: Intellectual Property Law, Universal Publishers
.
7. V.K.Ahuja, Law Relating to Intellectual Property Rights ,
LexisNexis
8. Elizabeth Verkey, Intellectual Property Rights, Eastern Book
Company
9. Elizabeth Verkey,Law of Patents ,Eastern Book Company

34
 3YDC LL.B. Honours

Paper-IV: Land Laws

Unit-I: Classification of lands — Ownership of Land — Absolute
and limited ownership (tenancy, lease etc.) — Doctrine of
Eminent Domain — Doctrine of Escheat - Doctrine of Bona
Vacantia — Maintenance of land records and issue of Pattas
and Title Deeds etc.

Unit-II: Law Reforms before and after independence — Zamindari

Settlement — Ryotwari Settlement — Mahalwari System
— Intermediaries — Constitutional Provisions — Abolition
of Zamindaries, Jagirs and Inams -Tenancy Laws —
Conferment of ownership on tenants/ryots.

Unit-III: Laws relating to acquisition of property — The Right to Fair

Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition,
Rehabilitation and Resettlement , Act 2013-salient
Features-Procedure for Land Acquisition : and Issue of
notification , Social impact assessment -Consent of
landowners- Award enquiry, Payment of compensation &
Reference to civil courts etc

Unit-IV: Laws relating to Ceiling on Land Holdings — A.P. Land

Reforms (Ceiling on Agricultural Holdings) Act, 1973 —
Effect of inclusion in the IX Schedule of the Constitution —
Interpretation of Directive Principles of State Policy.

Unit-V: Laws relating to alienation — Scheduled Areas Land Transfer

Regulation — Assigned Lands (Prohibition of Transfers) Act,
- Resumption of Lands to the Transferor/Government - Land
Grabbing (Prohibition) Act – ROR proceedings and Sada
Bainama – Mutation of titles-Role of Revenue Courts

Suggested Readings:
1. P. Rama Reddi and P. Srinivasa Reddy : Land Reform Laws in
A.P., Asia Law House,Hyderabad.
2. P.S. Narayana: Manual of Revenue Laws in A.P., Gogia Law
Agency, Hyderabad.
3. Land Grabbing Laws in A.P., Asia Law House, Hyderabad.

35
 3YDC LL.B. Honours

4. G.B. Reddy: Land Laws in A.P., Gogia Law Agency, Hyderabad

5. N.Maheshwara Swamy, Lectures on Land Laws,Asia Law
House,Hyderabad

Paper V: Private International Law

PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW
Unit - I: Material validity of contract, obligations arising under the
contract, Discharge – Meaning and subject mater of Private
International Law – Unification of Private International
Law - Evolution of English Private International Law,Indian
Private International Law – Theories of Private
International Law –Theories of Characterization – Doctrine
of Renvoi

Unit-II : Application of Foreign Law, Foreign Law as question of fact,

English Law, Indian Law, exclusion of foreign law, Public
Policy, Foreign Penal Code, Foreign Revenue Laws.
Domicile, meaning, Domicile of Independent person,
Domicile of origin, Domicile of choice, Domicile of
Dependants – Jurisdiction of Courts

Unit-III: Concept of marriage - Validity of marriage, Formal validity

of Marriage (English Law, Indian Law) matrimonial
causes, Dissolution of marriage, Grounds of Divorce,
Recognition of Foreign Divorces, Nullity of marriage,
Recognition of Foreign Nullity Decrees, Judicial separation,
Grounds for Judicial separation, Recognition of foreign
decrees of Judicial Separation - Restitution of Conjugal
Rights, Matrimonial Reliefs in respect of Polygamous
marriages, Enforcement of foreign maintenance
orders, Foreign Custody Orders, Indian Law, English Law,
Choice of Law.

Unit-IV: Legitimacy, jurisdiction of courts, Legitimation, Jurisdiction

of court, Recognition of foreign legitimation, Indian Law,
English Law, choice of law-Adoption, jurisdiction of courts,
recognition of foreign adoptions, adoption by foreign
parents, Indian Law, English Law. Guardianship and
custody, jurisdiction, recognition and enforcement of
foreign guardianship and custody orders, Indian law, choice
of law.
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 3YDCLL.B.
LL.B.Honours
Honours

Unit-V : Commercial contracts - Proper law of contract, capacity

to contract, Formal and informal contracts.

Suggested Readings:
1. R.h.Greeveson: The Conflict of Laws, Sweet & Maxwell, London.
2. Sir Peter North and J.J. Fawcett: Cheshire and North’s Private
International Law, Lexis Nexis Butterworths
3. Paras Diwan and Peeyushi Diwan: Private International Law
Indian and English, Deep & Deep, New Delhi
4. Sai Ramani Garimella, Private International Law: Conflict of
Laws, Central Law Publications, Allahabad.

Paper VI: Law of Insurance

Unit – I: Growth of Insurance Business in India - Institution of

Insurance and Economic Development - Definition of
Insurance - Differences between Contract of Indemnity,
Contingent, Wager and Insurance - Principle of utmost
good faith

Unit – II: Kinds of Insurance - Insurable interest – Premium – Risk

- Certificate of Insurance – Doctrine of Subrogation and
Contribution - Rights and Liabilities of Insurer and Insured
person - Life Insurance Contract - Personal Accident
Insurance - Establishment and functioning of LIC

Unit - III: Nature and scope of Marine Insurance - Classification of

marine insurance - Kinds of marine policies – Voyage –
Loss - the perils of the sea - Implied warranties in marine
insurance contract - Assignment of Marine Policy

Unit – IV: Nature of Fire Insurance Contract - Meaning of the word

‘fire’ - Scope of Fire Policy, Cover note - Right to
contribution and right to average - Principle of
Reinstatement - Double insurance and reinsurance -
Doctrine of Approximation - Burglary Insurance

37
35
 3YDC LL.B. Honours

Unit-V: Social control on Insurance Business - Purpose of

compulsory insurance - Rights of Third Parties - Public
Liability Insurance - Adjudicating Authorities of Insurance
Claims - Powers and Functions of the Insurance
Regulatory and Development Authority.

Suggested Readings:

1. K.S.N. Murthy and KVS Sharma: Modern Law of Insurance in

India, N.M. Tripathi Pvt. Ltd. Bombay.
2. Ravi Pulirani and Mahesh Pulirani : Manual of Insurance Law,
Bharat Law House Ltd,New Delhi.
3. Brij Nandan Singh: Insurance Law, University Book Agency,
Allahabad
4 . Michael Parkington :I nsurance Law, Sweet and
Maxwell, London.
5. M.N. Srinivasan : Law of Insurance
6. Bhattacharya: Law of Insurance
7. Dr. M.N. Mishra : Law of Insurance
8. Harding and Eveanly : General Principles of Insurance
9. Banerji : Law of Insurance, Asia Law House
10 Avatar Singh: Law of Insurance, Eastern Book Company,
Lucknow
11. B.C.Mithra: The Law relating to Marine Insurance, The
University Book Agency, Allahabad
12. Gyanendra Kumar: Hand book on Insurance Law, Delhi Law
House
13. J.V.N. Jaiswal : Law of Insurance, Eastern Book Company,
Lucknow

38
 3YDC LL.B. Honours

V SEMESTER
Paper-I: Law of Evidence

Unit-I: The Indian Evidence Act, 1872 — Salient features of the

Act – Meaning and kinds of Evidence – the impact of the
Information Technology Act, 2000 on the Indian Evidence
Act - Interpretation clause — May Presume, Shall presume
and Conclusive proof - Fact, Fact in issue and Relevant facts
—Distinction between Relevancy and Admissibility -
Doctrine of Res gestae — Motive, preparation and conduct
— Conspiracy —When Facts not otherwise relevant
become relevant — Right and custom — Facts showing
the state of mind etc.

Unit-II: Admissions & Confessions: General Principles concerning

Admissions — Differences between “Admission” and
“Confession” — Confessions obtained by inducement ,
threat or promise – Confessions made to police officer -
Statement made in the custody of a police officer leading
to the discovery of incriminating material — Admissibility
of Confessions made by one accused person against co-
accused. Dying Declarations and their evidentiary value
— Other Statements by persons who cannot be called as
Witnesses —Admissibility of evidence of witnesses in
previous judicial proceedings in subsequent judicial
proceedings.

Unit-III: Relevancy of Judgments — Opinion of witnesses — Expert’s

opinion — Opinion on Relationship especially proof of
marriage — Facts which need not be proved — Oral and
Documentary Evidence – General Principles concerning
oral evidence and documentary evidence — Primary and
Secondary evidence — Modes of proof of execution of
documents — Presumptions as to documents — General
Principles regarding Exclusion of Oral by Documentary
Evidence – Relevance of social media in the law of evidence

39
 3YDC LL.B. Honours

Unit-IV: Rules relating to Burden of Proof - Presumption as to Dowry

Death — Estoppels — Kinds of estoppels — Res Judicata,
Waiver and Presumption.

Unit-V: Competency to testify — Privileged communications -

Testimony of Accomplice — Examination in Chief, Cross
examination and Re-examination — Leading questions —
Lawful questions in cross examination —Compulsion to
answer questions put to witness — Hostile witness —
Impeaching the credit of witness — Refreshing memory
— Questions of corroboration — Improper admission and
rejection of evidence.

Suggested Readings:
1. Batuk Lal: The Law of Evidence, Central Law Agency,
Allahabad.
2. M. Monir: Principles and Digest of the Law of Evidence,
Universal Book Agency, Allahabad.
3. Vepa P. Saradhi: Law of Evidence Eastern Book Co., Lucknow.
4. Avatar Singh: Principles of the Law of Evidence, Central Law
Publications.
5. V. Krishnama Chary: The Law of Evidence, S.Gogia & Company
Hyderabad.
6. V. Nageswara Rao: The Evidence Act, LexisNexis.

PAPER - II
CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE AND LAW OF LIMITATION

Unit-I: Codification of Civil Procedure and Introduction to CPC —

Principal features of the Civil Procedure Code — Suits —
Parties to Suit — Framing of Suit —Institution of Suits —
Bars of Suit - Doctrines of Sub Judice and Res Judicata —
Place of Suing — Transfer of suits — Territorial Jurisdiction
— ‘Cause of Action’ and Jurisdictional Bars — Summons
— Service of Foreign summons.

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 3YDC LL.B. Honours

Unit-II: Pleadings — Contents of pleadings — Forms of Pleading

— Striking out / Amendment of Pleadings - Plaint—
Essentials of Plaint - Return of Plaint-Rejection of Plaint—
Production and marking of Documents-Written Statement
— Counter claim — Set off – Application of Sec. 89 -
Framing of issues.

Unit-III: Appearance and Examination of parties & Adjournments

— Ex-parte Procedure — Summoning and Attendance of
Witnesses — Examination — Admissions — Production,
Impounding, Return of Documents —Hearing — Affidavit
—Judgment and Decree — Concepts of Judgment, Decree,
and Interim Orders and Stay — Injunctions — Appointment
of Receivers and Commissions — Costs - Execution —
Concept of Execution —General Principles of Execution —
Power of Execution — Power of Executing Courts —
Procedure for Execution — Modes of Execution — Arrest
and detention — Attachment and Sale.

Unit-IV: Suits in Particular Cases — Suits by or against Government

— Suits relating to public matters;— Suits by or against
minors, persons with unsound mind, - Suits by indigent
persons — Interpleade suits — Incidental and
supplementary proceedings - Appeals, Reference, Review
and Revision — Appeals from Original Decrees — Appeals
from Appellate Decrees — Appeals from Orders — General
Provisions Relating to Appeals.

Unit-V: Law of Limitation — Concept of Limitation — Object of

limitation - General Principles of Limitation — Extension
— Condonation of delay — Sufficient Cause —
Computation of limitation — Acknowledgment and Part -
payment- Legal Disability — Provisions of the Limitation
Act, 1963 (Excluding Schedule)

Suggested Readings:
1. Mulla, TheCode of Civil Procedure, LexisNexis,
Butteworths, Wadhwa.
2. C.K. Takwani: Civil Procedure, Eastern Book Co., Lucknow.
3. Sarkar’s Civil Court Practice and Procedure, LexisNexis.

41
 3YDC LL.B. Honours

4. B.B. Mitra: Limitation Act, Eastern Law House, Calcutta,

Allahabad.
5. Sanjiva Row: Limitation Act, (in 2 Vols), Law Book Co.,
Alahabad.
6. Sanjiva Row: Code of Civil Procedure, (in 4 Vols), Law Book
Co. Allahabad.
7. AIR Commentaries on Limitation Act, W.W. Chitaley, AIR
Ltd., Nagpur.

PAPER-III:
CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CODE, LAW OF JUVENILE
JUSTICE AND PROBATION OF OFFENDERS

Unit-I: The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 : The rationale of

Criminal Procedure — The importance of fair trial —
Constitutional Perspectives : Articles 14, 20 & 21 — The
organization of Police, Prosecutor and Defence Counsel —
Pre-trial Process — Arrest — Distinction between
“cognizable” and “non-cognizable” offences — Steps to
ensure presence of accused at trial — Warrant and
Summons cases — Arrest with and without Warrant –
impact of S. 41A - The absconder status.

Unit-II: Rights of arrested persons under Cr.P.C. and Article 22 (2)

of the Constitution of India. -Search and Seizure — Search
with and without warrant — Police search during
investigation — General Principles of Search — Seizure —
Constitutional aspects of validity of Search and Seizure
proceedings - Trial Process: Commencement of Proceedings
— Dismissal of Complaint — Bail, Bail able and Non-bailable
Offences — Cancellation of Bails — Anticipatory Bail —
General principles concerning Bail Bond.

Unit-III: Preliminary pleas to bar trial — Jurisdiction — Time

Limitations — Pleas of Autrefois Acquit and Autrefois
Convict — Fair Trial — Concept of fair trial — Presumption
of innocence — Venue of trial —Jurisdiction of Criminal
Courts — Rights of accused — Constitutional Interpretation
of Article 21 as a right to speedy trial — Charge — Form
and content of Charge — Trial before a Court of Session :
Procedural steps and substantive rights.

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 3YDC LL.B. Honours

Unit-IV: Compounding of offences – Plea Bargaining - Judgment:

Form and content — Summary trial — Post-conviction
orders in lieu of punishment — Modes of providing
judgment copy — appeals, review and revisions – Role of
Victim in Criminal process – compensation to crime victim.

Unit-V: Probation and Parole: Authority granting Parole —

Supervision — Conditional release – suspension of sentence
— Procedure under Probation of Offenders Act, 1958 —
Salient features of the Act. Juvenile Justice System —
Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act —
Procedure under Juvenile Justice…Act — Treatment and
Rehabilitation of Juveniles —— Protection of Juvenile
Offenders — Legislative and Judicial Role.

Suggested Readings:

1. Kelkar R.V.: Criminal Procedure, Eastern Book Co., Lucknow.

2. Ratanlal and Dhirajlal: The Code of Criminal Procedure,
Wadhwa & Co.,
3. Padala Rama Reddi: The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973,
Asia Law House, Hyderabad.
4. S.N. Misra: The Code of Criminal Procedure, Central Law
Agency.
5. M.P. Tandon: Criminal Procedure Code, Allahabad Law
Agency.
6. Shoorvir Tyage: The Code of Criminal Procedure, Allahabad
Law Agency.

43
 3YDC LL.B. Honours

Paper-IV: LAW OF TAXATION

Unit-I: Constitutional basis of power of taxation — Article 265 of

Constitution of India - Basic concept of Income Tax —
Outlines of Income Tax Law - Definition of Income and
Agricultural Income under Income Tax Act — Residential
Status - Previous Year — Assessment Year — Computation
of Income.

Unit-II: Heads of Income and Computation — Income from Salary,

Income from House Property. Profits and Gains of Business
or Profession, Capital Gains and Income from other sources.

Unit-III: Law and Procedure — P.A.N. — Filing of Returns — Payment

of Advance Tax — ]Deduction of Tax at Source (TDS) —
Double Tax Relief — Law and Procedure for Assessment,
Penalties, Prosecution, Appeals and Grievances —
Authorities.

Unit-IV: GST ACT, 2017 – Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017:
Introduction – Background - - Basic Concepts – salient
features of the Act – Kinds of GST - CGST, SGST & IGST –
Administration officers under this Act – Levy and collection
of tax – scope of supply – Tax liability on composite and
mixed supplies – Input tax credit – Eligibility and conditions
for taking input tax credit.

Unit-V: GST ACT, 2017:- Registration – persons liable for registration

– persons not liable for registration – procedure for
registration – returns – furnishing details of outward and
inward supplies – furnishing of returns – payment of tax,
interest, penalty and other amounts – tax deducted at
source – collection of tax at source – Demand and Recovery
– Advance Ruling – Definitions for Advance Ruling – Appeals
and revision – Appeals to Appellate Authority – Powers of
revisional authority - Constitution of Appellate Tribunal and
benches thereof – offences and penalties.

44
 3YDC LL.B. Honours

Suggested Readings:

1. Vinod K.Singhania: Student Guide to Income Tax, Taxman, Allied

Service Pvt. Limited.
2. Vinod K.Singhania: Direct Taxes Law & Practice, Taxman Allied
Service Pvt. Limited.
3. Myneni S.R.: Law of Taxation, Allahabad Law Series.
4. Kailash Rai: Taxation Laws, Allahabad Law Agency.
5. Gurish Ahuja: Systematic Approach to Income Tax, Bharat Law
House Pvt Ltd
6. V.S. Datey : GST Ready Recknor, Taxman Publications.
7. GST Acts with Rules & Forms (Bare Act) , Taxman Publications.
8. GST – A Practical Approach,Taxman Publications.
9. Sweta Jain, GST Law and Practice – A Section wise commentary
on GST, Taxmann Publications.
10. Shann V Patkar, GST Law Guide, Taxmann Publication.

Paper-V:
Principles of Legislation and Legislative Drafting

Unit-I: Principles of legislation: As a tool of power – Objectives of

civil & criminal legislation, anticipated goals - Limitations
of legislation as a tool for change in relation to religion,
morality and tradition- Forms of Legislative Instrument:
Bills, Acts, Orders, Rules, Schedules - Related Provisions,
Schedules and relevant Case laws under the Constitutional
Law

Unit-II: Factors which influence decision of the legislator -

Correlation between public opinion and legislative
formulation - Some major problems and trends in legislative
formulation in a modern welfare State

Unit-III: Ideals of Drafting: Simplicity, Preciseness, Consistency,

Alignment with Existing law, and Brevity- Classification of
statutes - Amending, consolidating and codifying statues

45
 3YDC LL.B. Honours

Unit-IV: Process and preparation of legislative drafting -General

rules, words selection, syntax, style, punctuation - Reference
of other related laws, and existing law –Conformity with
constitutional provisions- Legislative Process : Preparatory
Process , Conceptual Process , Consultative process , Green
& White Papers , and Cabinet control

Unit-V: Different Parts of a Statute : Long Title and Preamble -

Enacting Formula - Short Title, Extent and Application ,
Definitions and Principle Provisions -Administrative
Machinery, if any, contemplated by Statute - Penal
Provisions, Rule and Regulation Making Power - Temporary
Provisions - Repeal and Savings - Punctuation and Marginal
Notes - Provisions, Illustrations and Presumptions - Use of
non-obstante clauses - Retrospective Effect - Henry VIII
clause - Exceptions - Fictions - Explanations

Reference Books

1. Zander M., The law Making Process, Widenfeld & Icholson,

England
2. Renton C’ Hee Report. Preparation of Legislation, Sweet & Max
Well
3. J. Bentham, Principles of Legislation
4. Indian law Institute, The Drafting of Laws (1980)
5. Allen, Law in the making, Sweet and Max Well
6. Renton C’ Hee Report, Preparation of Legislation, Sweet and
Max Well
7. W. Friedman, Law in a Changing Society (1970)
8. Viswanthan, T.K., Legislative Drafting

46
 3YDC LL.B. Honours

Paper-VI:
PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL
ACCOUNTING SYSTEM
The written examination of this paper will be for 50 marks and the
remaining 50 marks for record and viva voce. There shall be
classroom instruction on the following topics:

Unit-I: Development of Legal Profession in India — The Advocates

Act, 1961 — Right to Practice — a right or privilege? -
Constitutional guarantee under Article 19(1) (g) and its
scope — Enrolment and Practice — Regulation governing
enrolment and practice — Practice of Law — Solicitors
firm — Elements of Advocacy.

Unit-II: Seven lamps of advocacy— Advocate’s duties towards

public, clients, court, and other advocates and legal aid ;
Bar Council Code of Ethics.

Unit-III: Disciplinary proceedings — Professional misconduct —

Disqualifications — Functions of Bar Council of India/State
Bar Councils in dealing with the disciplinary proceedings
—Disciplinary Committees — Powers and functions -
Disqualification and removal from rolls.

Unit-IV: Accountancy for Lawyers — Nature and functions of

accounting — Important branches of accounting —
Accounting and Law – Bar Bench Relations.

Record (30 marks): Each student shall write 50 selected opinions

of the Disciplinary Committees of Bar Councils and 10 major
judgments of the Supreme Court of India in the Record. The Record
shall be evaluated for 30marks by the teacher concerned. The
Records of the students duly certified by the University
Representative appointed by the Controller of Examinations in
consultation with the Chairman, BOS in Law shall be submitted to
the University before the commencement of the theor y
examinations.

47
 3YDC LL.B. Honours

Viva- voce (20marks):There shall be viva-voce examination on the

above components. The Viva-voce Board consisting of (i) Principal
of the College/the teacher concerned (ii) University Representative
appointed by the Controller of Examinations in consultation with
the Chairman, BOS in Law, and (iii) an advocate with 10 years
experience at the Bar shall evaluate the student in the Viva. The
proceedings of the viva-voce shall be recorded.

Note: All the three components of the paper (written examination,

submission of record and attendance in viva) shall be compulsory.

Suggested Readings :
Sirohi: Professional Ethics, Central Law Publications,
Allahabad.

G.B.Reddy, Practical Advocacy of Law, Gogia Law Agency,

Hyderabad

Myneni S.R.: Professional Ethics, Accountancy for Lawyers

and Bench-Bar Relation, Asia Law House, Hyderabad.

Gupta S.P.: Professional Ethics, Accountancy for Lawyers and

Bench-

Bar Relation, Asia Law House, Hyderabad.

Kailash Rai: Professional Ethics, Accountancy for Lawyers and

Bench-

Bar Relation, Allahabad Law Agency.

Selected Judgments on Professional Ethics (in 2 volumes), Bar

Council of India Trust, New Delhi.

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 3YDC LL.B. Honours

VI SEMESTER
Paper-I: Information Technology Law

Unit-I: Concept of Information Technology and Cyber Space-

Interface of Technology and Law Jurisdiction in Cyber Space
and Jurisdiction in traditional sense - Internet Jurisdiction -
Indian Context of Jurisdiction -Enforcement agencies -
International position of Internet Jurisdiction - Cases in
Cyber Jurisdiction

Unit-II: Information Technology Act, 2000- Aims and Objects —

Overview of the Act – Jurisdiction –Electronic Governance
– Legal Recognition of Electronic Records and Electronic
Evidence -Digital Signature Certificates - Securing Electronic
records and secure digital signatures - Duties of Subscribers
- Role of Certifying Authorities - Regulators under the Act -
The Cyber Regulations Appellate Tribunal - Internet Service
Providers and their Liability– Powers of Police under the
Act – Impact of the Act on other Laws .

Unit-III: E-Commerce - UNCITRAL Model - Legal aspects of E-

Commerce - Digital Signatures – Technical and Legal issues
- E-Commerce, Trends and Prospects - E-taxation, E-
banking, online publishing and online credit card payment
- Employment Contracts - Contractor Agreements, Sales,
Re-Seller and Distributor Agreements, Non- Disclosure
Agreements- Shrink Wrap Contract ,Source Code, Escrow
Agreements etc.

Unit-IV: Cyber Law and IPRs-Understanding Copyright in

Information Technology
-Software – Copyrights vs Patents
debate - Authorship and Assignment Issues - Copyright in
Internet - Multimedia and Copyright issues - Software Piracy
–Patents- Understanding Patents - European Position on
Computer related Patents - Legal position of U.S. on
Computer related Patents - Indian Position on Computer
related Patents –TrademarksTrademarks
- in Internet -
Domain name registration - Domain Name Disputes &
WIPO -Databases in Information Technology - Protection
of databases - Position in USA,EU and India

49
 3YDC LL.B. Honours

Unit-V: Cyber Crimes-Meaning of Cyber Crimes –Different Kinds

of Cyber crimes – Cyber crimes under IPC, Cr.P.C and Indian
Evidence Law - Cyber crimes under the Information
Technology Act, 2000 - Cyber crimes under International
Law – Hacking, Child Pornography, Cyber Stalking, Denial
of service Attack, Virus Dissemination, Software Piracy,
Internet Relay Chat (IRC) Crime, Credit Card Fraud, Net
Extortion, Phishing etc - Cyber Terrorism - Violation of
Privacy on Internet - Data Protection and Privacy.

Suggested Readings:

1. Kamlesh N. & Murali D.Tiwari(Ed), IT and Indian Legal System,

Macmillan India Ltd, New Delhi

2. K.L.James, The Internet: A User’s Guide, Prentice Hall of India,

New Delhi

3. Chris Reed, Internet Law-Text and Materials, Universal Law

Publishing Co., New Delhi

4. Vakul Sharma, Hand book of Cyber Laws, Macmillan India Ltd,

New Delhi

5. S.V.Joga Rao, Computer Contract & IT Laws (in 2 Volumes),

Prolific Law Publications, New Delhi

6. T.Ramappa, Legal Issues in Electronic Commerce, Macmillan

India Ltd, New Delhi

7. Indian Law Institute, Legal Dimensions of Cyber Space, New

Delhi

8. Pankaj Jain & Sangeet Rai Pandey, Copyright and Trademark

Laws relating to Computers, Eastern Book Co, New Delhi

9. Farouq Ahmed, Cyber Law in India

10. S.V.Joga Rao, Law of Cyber Crimes and Information Technology

Law, Wadhwa & Co, Nagpur

50
 3YDC LL.B. Honours

Paper-II:
Law of banking and Negotiable Instruments

Unit-I: History of the Banking Regulation Act — Salient features —

Banking Business and its importance in modern times –
Different kinds of Banking – impact of Information
Technology on Banking.

Unit-II: Relationship between Banker and Customer — Debtor and

Creditor Relationship — Fiduciary Relationship — Trustee
and Beneficiary — Principal and Agent — Bail and Bailee —
Guarantor.

Unit-III: Cheques — Crossed Cheques — Account Payee — Banker’s

Drafts — Dividend Warrants, etc. — Negotiable instruments
and deemed negotiable instruments — Salient features of
The Negotiable Instruments Act.

Unit-IV: The Paying Banker — Statutory protection to Bankers —

Collecting Banker – Statutory protection – Rights and
obligations of paying and collecting bankers.

Unit-V: Banker’s lien and set off — Advances - Pledge - Land - Stocks
- Shares - Life Policies – Document of title to Goods - Bank
Guarantees - Letters of Credit – Recovery of Bank loans and
position under the SARFAESI Act, 2002 – Jurisdiction and
powers of Debt Recovery Tribunal.

Suggested Readings:
1. Tannan: Banking Law & Practice in India, Orient Law House,
New Delhi.
2. Avtar Singh: Negotiable Instruments, Eastern Book Company,
Lucknow.
3. P.N.Varshney: Banking Law & Practice, Sultan Chand & Sons,
New Delhi.
4. Taxman: Law of Banking, India Law House
5. B.R. Sharma and Dr.R.P. Nainta: Principles of Banking Law and
Negotiable Instruments Act, Allahabad Law Agency.

51
 3YDC LL.B. Honours

6. Mukherjee’s Banking Law and Practice, Premier Publications

Company.

7. Bashyam and Adiga: Negotiable Instruments Act, Bharat Law

House.

8. S.R. Myneni, Law of Banking, Asia Law House.

Paper III: Principles of Equity and Trusts

UNIT-I: Concept and definition of equity - Origin and development

–Position in India and England Principal of Equity and
Maxims-Application under the statutes of India –Equitable
powers and jurisdiction of Indian Courts

Unit-II: Maxims of equity: - Equity will not suffer a wrong to be

without a remedy. - Equity follow the law. - Where there is
equal equity, the law shall prevail. -Where the equities are
equal equity, the law shall prevail. - He who seeks equity
must do equity. - who comes into equity must come with
clean hands.

Unit-III: Maxims of Equity (continued) :- Delay defeats equities. -

Equality is equity. - Equity looks to intent rather than to
the form- Equity looks on that as done which ought to be
done- Equity imputes an intention to full fill an obligation-
Equity acts in personam.

Unit-IV: Trust as an Institution-Meaning, history and evolution

- The
Indian Trust Act, 1882: Salient Features-Definitions: trust,
author of the trust, trustee, beneficiary, trust property,
beneficial interest, instrument of - Trust and Contract -
Trust and mortgage - Trust and Agency -Trust and
Ownership - Creation of trusts - of trusts - Who may
become author, beneficiary and trustee - Public or
charitable Trusts - Appointment, retirement and discharge
of trustees - Duties and Liabilities of trustees - Rights and
powers of trustees - Disabilities of trustees - Rights and
Liabilities of the Beneficiary - Extinction of Trusts -certain
Obligations in the nature of trusts

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 3YDC LL.B. Honours

Unit-V: Specific Relief-the Specific Relief Act, 1963- purpose of

Specific relief - recovering possession of movable and
immovable property- specific performance of contracts-
rectification of instruments- rescission of contracts-
cancellation of instruments-Declarator y Decrees-
Preventive Relief-Injunctions-Perpetual and temporary-

Suggested Readings:

1 Pollock, Frederick, R. K. Abichandani, and Dinshah Fardunji

Mulla- on Indian Contract Act and Specific Relief Acts,
N.M.Tripathi (1994)

2. Singh, G. P., Specific Relief Act,1963, LexisNexis (2014)

3. B.M. Gandhi, Equity Trust and Specific Relief, EBC,4thEdition,

2014

4. Sarkar, A. K & R.Chakraborty, Commentary on Specific Relief

Act, Ashoka Law House , New Delhi

Paper-IV:
DRAFTING, PLEADINGS AND CONVEYANCING
Class-room instruction and simulation exercises on the following
items shall be extended.

Unit-I: Drafting: Drafting and documentation in civil, criminal and

constitutional cases - General Principles of Drafting and
relevant Substantive Rules – Distinction between pleadings
and conveyancing

Unit-II: Pleadings: Essentials and drafting of pleadings : (i)

Civil Plaint, Written Statemen t, Memo - Interlocutory
Application, Original Petition, Affidavit, Execution Petition,
Memorandum of Appeal and Revision.(ii) Petition under
Article 226 and 32 of the Constitution of India - Drafting of
Writ Petition and PIL Petition.(iii) Criminal— Complaint,
Criminal Miscellaneous Petition, Bail Application,
Memorandum of Appeal and Revision.

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 3YDC LL.B. Honours

Unit-III: Conveyancing: Essentials and drafting of Sale Deed,

Mortgage Deed, Lease Deed, Gift Deed, Promissory Note,
Power of Attorney, Will and Trust Deed.

Practical Exercises: Pleadings carrying a total of 45 marks (3 marks

for each) and 15 (fifteen) exercises in Conveyancing carrying another
45 marks (3 marks for each exercise) and remaining 10 marks for
viva-voce. These 30 exercises shall be recorded. Each student shall
be served with different problems for the purpose of exercise. These
exercises shall be assessed and marks may be allotted. These
exercises shall be evaluated by a common committee consisting of
(i) Principal of the College/the concerned teacher (ii) University
Representative appointed by the Controller of Examinations in
consultation with the Chairman, Board of Studies in Law, O.U.; and
(iii) an Advocate with 10 years experience at the Bar. The same
committee will also conduct viva-voce on the above concepts. The
proceedings of the viva-voce shall be recorded.

Note:
1. Attendance of the students for viva-voce shall be
compulsory.
2. The above records certified by the University Representative
appointed by the Controller of Examinations in consultation
with the Chairman, BOS in Law shall be submitted to the
University for Further Verification

Suggested Readings:
1. R.N. Chaturvedi : Pleadings
Conveyancing,
and Central Law
Publications.
2. De Souza : Conveyancing, Eastern Law House.
3. Tiwari : Drafting, Pleading and Conveyancing, Central Law
Agency.
4. Mogha: Indian Conveyancer, Eastern Law House.
5. Mogha: Law of Pleadings in India, Eastern Law House.
6. Shiv Gopal: Conveyancing, Precedents and Forms, Eastern
Book Company
7. Narayana P.S.: Civil Pleadings and Practice, Asia Law House.

54
 3YDC LL.B. Honours

8. Narayana P.S.: Criminal Pleadings and Practice, Asia Law

House.
9. Noshirvan H.Jhabvala: Drafting, Pleadings, Conveyancing &
Professional Ethics. Jamhadar & Companes.
10. R.D.Srivastava: The Law of Pleadings, drafting and
Conveyancing, Central
Law Agency.

PAPER-V:
MOOT COURTS, OBSERVATION OF TRIAL, PRE-TRIAL
PREPARATIONS AND INTERNSHIP

This paper has three components of 30 marks each and viva-voce

for 10 marks.

(A) Moot Court (30 marks): Every student is required to participate

in at least three moot courts in the VI Semester with 10 marks for
each. The moot court work will be on an assigned problem and it
will be evaluated for 5 marks for written submissions and 5 marks
for oral advocacy. Marks will be given on the basis of written
submission and oral advocacy. Written submissions shall include
brief summary of facts, issues involved, provisions of laws and
arguments, citation, prayer, etc. Marks for oral advocacy may be
awarded for communication skills, presentations, language,
provisions of law; authorities quoted, court manners, etc. Written
Memorials submitted by the students shall be kept by the College
for Further Verification.

The performance of student in the moot court shall be evaluated

by a committee consisting of (i) Principal of the College (ii) an
Advocate with 10 years experience at the Bar; and (iii) the teacher
concerned.

(B) Observance of Trial in two cases, one Civil and one Criminal
(30 marks):Students are required to attend courts to observe at
least one civil and one criminal case. They shall maintain a record
different days in the court assignment. The
and enter the various steps observed during their attendance on

55
 3YDC LL.B. Honours

Court Observation Record submitted by the students should be

evaluated by a committee consisting of (i) Principal of the College/
the concerned teacher (ii) University Representative appointed by
the Controller of Examinations in consultation with the Chairman,
Board of Studies in Law, O.U.; and (iii) an Advocate with 10 years
experience at the Bar and average be taken. Court attendance shall
be compulsory and attendance has to be recorded in a register
kept therefore. This may be carried under the supervision of a
teacher of the college. This scheme will carry 30 marks.

(C) Interviewing Techniques and Pre-Trial Preparations and

Internship Diary : (30 marks):Each student should observe two
‘interview sessions’ of clients either in the Lawyer’s Office or in the
Legal Aid Office and record the proceedings in a diary, which will
carry 15 marks. Each student has to further observe the preparation
of documents and court papers by the Advocate and the procedure
for the filing of the suit / petition.The Intership shall be for a period
of minimum of 15 days and it shall be mandatory. This shall be
recorded in the diary which will carry 15 marks. The diary shall
clearly indicate the dates on which the above observations are
made and they shall be authenticated by the advocate concerned.
Evaluation of the above diary shall be made by the committee
consisting of (i) Principal of the College/the concerned teacher (ii)
University Representative appointed by the Controller of
Examinations in consultation with the Chairman, Board of Studies
in Law, O.U.; and (iii) an Advocate with 10 years experience at the
Bar and average be taken.

(D)Viva-voce (10 marks): There shall be viva-voce examination on

all the above three components
. The Vivavoce Board consisting of
(i) Principal of the College/the concerned teacher (ii) University
Representative appointed by the Controller of Examinations in
consultation with the Chairman, BOS in Law; and (iii)an advocate
with 10 years experience at the Bar shall evaluate the student in
the Viva. The proceedings of the viva-voce shall be recorded.

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 3YDC LL.B. Honours

Note:

1. Attendance of the students in all the four components of the

paper shall be compulsory.

2. The above records, diary certified by the University

Representative appointed by the Controller of Examinations in
consultation with the Chairman, BOS in Law shall be submitted
.
to the University for Further Verification

Suggested Readings:

1. Dr. Kailash Rai: Moot Court Pre-Trial Preparation and

Participation in Trial Proceedings, Central Law Publication.

2. Amita Danda: Moot Court for Interactive Legal Education, Asia

Law House, Hyderabad.

3. Blackstone’s: Books of Moots, Oxford University Press.

4. Mishra: Moot Court Pre-Trial Preparation and Participation in

Trial Proceedings, Central Law, Allahabad

5. G.B.Reddy, Practical Advocacy of Law, Gogia Law Agency,

Hyderabad

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 3YDC LL.B. Honours

Paper VI: Elective-I

[ To Choose one out of (a) and (b)]
(a) LAW RELATING TO WOMEN

Unit-I: Historical background and status of women in ancient India

— Constitutional Provisions and gender justice — Provisions
relating to women in fundamental Rights, Directive
Principles of State Policy and Fundamental Duties etc. under
the Indian Constitution.

Unit-II: Laws relating to marriage, divorce, succession and

maintenance under the relevant personal laws with special
emphasis on women — Special Marriage Act —
Maintenance of women under Cr. P.C, 1973 and other laws
– NRI Marriages –Live- in- relationships – Uniform Civil Code
and gender justice

Unit-III: Special provisions relating to women under the Indian

Evidence Act, 1872 — Offences against women under Indian
Penal Code - outraging the modesty of women - sexual
harassment – rape – bigamy - mock and fraudulent
marriages – adultery - causing miscarriage - insulting women
– Impact of the Criminal Law amendment , 2013.

Unit-IV: Socio-Legal position of women and the law — Dowry

Prohibition Act, 1961, Medical Termination of Pregnancy
Act — Law relating to misuse of Pre Natal Diagnostic
Techniques and Sex selection — Law relating to Immoral
Trafficking - Law relating to Domestic Violence – Law
relating to Sexual Harassment at workplace.

Unit-V: Position of women under The Maternity Benefit Act,

Factories Act and other Labour & Industrial Laws — Position
of Women under International instruments — Salient
features of Convention for Elimination of all forms of
Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) ; International
Covenant on Civil and Political Rights — International
Covenant on Social, Cultural and Economic Rights.

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 3YDC LL.B. Honours

Suggested Readings:

1. S.P. Sathe: Towards Gender Justice.

2. Vijay Sharma: Protection to woman in Matrimonial home
3. Sarojini Saxena: Femijuris (Law relating to Women in India)
4. Archana Parsher: Women and Social Reform
5. Paras Diwan: Dowry and protection to married women
6. Mary Wollstonecraft: A Vindication of the rights of women.
7. G.B.Reddy: Women and Law, Gogia Law Agency, Hyderabad.

(Or)
(b) Law of Insolvency
Unit-I: Insolvency and Bankruptcy: concept and historical
perspective, Concurrent jurisdiction: central and state
legislation, Important terms and definitions- Acts of
Insolvency - Transfer of property to a third person for
benefit of creditors, Transfer and absconding with intent
to defeat creditors, Fraudulent preferences in transfer of
property, Sale of property in execution of decree of court

Unit-II: Adjudication as insolvent, Notice to and by creditors about

suspension of payment of debt, Imprisonment in execution
of a decree of a court, Effect of insolvency on: antecedent
transaction and rights of creditor, Duties of court in
executing decree, Avoidance of voluntary transfer and
Avoidance of preference-Insolvency Petition and
Proceedings - Insolvency Petition: by creditor, by debtor,
contents, admission, procedure and dismissal, Receiver:
appointment and duties, Duties of debtor and interim
proceedings against the debtor, Release of debtor.

Unit-III: Adjudication -Adjudication: meaning, proceeding, effect

and publication, Appeal, Proceedings after order of
adjudication: protection order from arrest or detention,
power to arrest, schedule of creditors, burden of creditors

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 3YDC LL.B. Honours

to prove the debt, Annulment of adjudication: power to

annul, effect, failure to apply for discharge, Post
adjudicatory scheme for satisfaction of the debt.

Unit-IV: The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016- insolvency

resolution and liquidation for corporate persons- corporate
insolvency resolution process - liquidation process- Powers
and duties of liquidator- Consolidation and verification of
claims- Determination of valuation of claims- Appeal
against the decision of liquidator- Preferential transactions
and relevant time- Secured creditor in liquidation
proceedings

Unit-V: Distribution of assets- Fast track corporation insolvency

resolution process- Adjudicating Authority for corporate
persons- Appeals and Appellate Authority- offences and
penalties under the Code

Suggested Readings:

1. Bharihoke, Neera and Neera,Talwar; Law of Insolvency; Delhi

Law House

2. Singh, Avtar; Law of Insolvency; Eastern Book Company

3. Sirohi, J.P.S.; Law of Insolvency in India; Allahabad Law Agency

4. Manzar, Saeed; Law of Insolvency; Orient Publishing Company

5. Sandhya, Narain; Mulla on the Law of Insolvency in India;

LexisNexis

6. THE INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY CODE, 2016

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 3YDC LL.B. Honours

Paper VII: Elective-II

[ To Choose one out of (c) and (d)]
(C) International Humanitarian Law

Unit-I: Introduction to International Humanitarian Law (IHL). -

History and Development of IHL - Application of IHL - IHL
and Human Rights

Unit II: Rules Of Conduct Of Hostilities- General Limitations on the

Means and Methods of Warfare - Weapons Regime - The
Principle Of Distinction. - Rule Of Military Necessity and
Rule Of Proportionality - Prohibition Of Direct And
Indiscriminate Attacks.

Unit-III: Protected Persons And Property- Wounded, The Sick, The

Shipwrecked. - Prisoners Of War. - Medical, Religious And
Relief Personnel. - Protection Of Civilians. - Protection of
Women. - Protection of Children. - Protection of Refugees
and Internally displaced Persons - Protection Of Cultural
Property.

Unit-IV: Implementation Of IHL And Institutional Mechanisms- Basic

issues involved in Implementation Of IHL. - Implementation
Of Law At National Level. Grave- Breaches Of Geneva
Conventions And Additional Protocols. - Accountability and
Criminal jurisdiction. - Protecting Power System- ICRC- War
Crimes Tribunals

Unit-V: India and IHL-Refugee: Meaning, kinds and status-

International conventions relating to refugees-Position in
India-Judicial response to State action on refugees-
Increasing incidence of refugees and contemporary
problems-Issues and challenges

Suggested Readings:
Frits Kalshoven, Liesbeth Zegveld, Constraints on the waging of war
: an introduction to international humanitarian law, ICRC, Geneva,
3rd ed., (2001).

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 3YDC LL.B. Honours

Marco Sassòli and Antoine A. Bouvier in co operation with Susan

Carr, Lindsey Cameron and Thomas Maurice, How does law protect
in war ? Cases, documents and teaching materials on contemporary
practice in international humanitarian law, ICRC, Geneva, 2nd
edition (2006).

Jean Marie Henckaerts, Louise Doswald Beck, With contributions

by Carolin Alvermann, Knut Darmann, Baptiste Rolle, Customary
International Humanitarian Law, Cambridge University Press,
(2005).

René Provost, International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law

Cambridge University Press, (2005)

“Symposium: The Hague Peace Conferences”, Edited by George H.

Aldrich & Christine M. Chinkin, Symposium issue, American Journal
of International Law, Vol. 94, No. 1, 2000.

Doswald Beck, Louise, And Vite, Sylvain, “International

Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law”, International Review
of the Red Cross, No. 293, March 1993, pp. 94ff

Best, Geoffrey, War and Law Since 1945 (Oxford: Clarendon Press,
1997).

Dinstein, Yoram, The Conduct of Hostilities under the Law of

International Armed Conflict, Cambridge University Press, (2004).

Durham, Helen (ed.); McCormack, Timothy L. H. (ed.) The Changing

Face of Conflict and the Efficacy of International Humanitarian Law,
(The Hague : M. Nijhoff, 1999).

Mccoubrey, Hilaire, International Humanitarian Law : Modern

Developments in the Limitation of Warfare, 2nd Ed., (Aldershot,
Uk: Ashgate, 1998).

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 3YDC LL.B. Honours

(or)
(d) CITIZENSHIP AND EMIGRATION LAW

Unit-I: Nature and scope of citizenship and its associated concepts

– Nationality – Domicile – Multiple Citizenship - Common
Wealth Citizenship - Corporate Citizenship - Dual
Citizenship - Overseas Citizenship to the People of Indian
Origin and Non-resident Indians.

Unit-II: Historical Evolution of Citizenship - Ancient Citizenship -

Constitutional Debates on Citizenship and Citizenship at
the Commencement of Constitution of India - Modern
Citizenship and Citizenship in the Age of Globalization.

Unit-III: Theories of Citizenship - Civic Republican, Liberal,

Communitarian, Sociological and Multicultural theories of
Citizenship.

Unit-IV: Citizenship after the commencement of the Constitution

- Constitutional Provisions of Citizenship, Citizenship Act
1955 - Citizenship Rules 1956 - Citizenship under
International Law - Rights and Duties of Citizens and Non-
Citizens under the Constitution and other enactments.

Unit-V: Meaning and Nature of Emigration and its associated

concepts – Migration – Citizenship – Allegiance –
Emigration - Visas and Passports - Emigration issues –
Statelessness – Refugees – Asylum – Extradition –
Deportation - determination of status of illegal migrants
- double taxation - Rights and Obligations of the sending
and receiving states - Discriminative Practices vis-à-vis
Emigrants - Protection of Emigrants by International law
and impact of Citizenship Policies on Emigration.

63
 3YDC LL.B. Honours

Suggested Readings:

A.N. Sinha: Law of Citizenship and Aliens in India, Asia Publishing

House, New Delhi, 1962.

Meher K. Master: Citizenship of India, Eastern Law House, Calcutta,

1970

E.S.Venkataramaiah: Citizenship – Rights and Duties, Texcom, delhi,

1988.

Surya narian Yadav and Indu Baghel: Citizenship in the Age of

Globalisation, Jnana Prakashan, New Delhi, 2008.

Gurubax Singh: Law of Foreigners, Citizenship and Passports in India,

Universal Law publishers, New Delhi.

Subhash C. Kashyap: Citizenship and the Constitution: Citizenship

Values under the Constitution, Publications Division, Ministry of
Information and Broadcasting, Government of India, New Delhi,
2002.

B.N. Ray: Citizenship in a Globalizing World, Kaveri Books, New

Delhi, 2007.

S.I.Jafri & K.N. Nath,: Seth’s Law of Citizenship, Foreigners and

Passports in India, Law Publishers (India) Pvt. Ltd.

B.S. Chimni(ed): International Refugee Law – A Reader, Sage

Publications, New Delhi, 2000.

Rathin Bandopadhyay: Human Rights of the Non-citizen – Law and

Reality, deep & Deep, New Delhi, 2007.

64