TMT 20

Technical Reference Guide
Product Overview
Describes features and general specifications for the product.
Setup
Describes setup and installation of the product and peripherals.
Application Development Information

Describes how to control the printer and necessary information
when you develop applications.
Handling
Describes how to handle the product.
Appendix
Describes interfaces, connectors, and character code tables.
M00024801
Rev. B
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Cautions
• No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior
written permission of Seiko Epson Corporation.
• The contents of this document are subject to change without notice. Please contact us for the latest
information.
• While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this document, Seiko Epson Corpora-
tion assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions.
• Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained
herein.
• Neither Seiko Epson Corporation nor its affiliates shall be liable to the purchaser of this product or third
parties for damages, losses, costs, or expenses incurred by the purchaser or third parties as a result of:
accident, misuse, or abuse of this product or unauthorized modifications, repairs, or alterations to this
product, or (excluding the U.S.) failure to strictly comply with Seiko Epson Corporation’s operating
and maintenance instructions.
• Seiko Epson Corporation shall not be liable against any damages or problems arising from the use of
any options or any consumable products other than those designated as Original EPSON Products or
EPSON Approved Products by Seiko Epson Corporation.
Trademarks
EPSON and ESC/POS are registered trademarks of Seiko Epson Corporation in Japan and other
countries/regions.
Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
ESC/POS® Command System

EPSON ESC/POS is a proprietary POS printer command system that includes patented or patent-
pending commands. ESC/POS is compatible with all types of EPSON POS printers and displays
(excluding the TM-C100 printer).
ESC/POS is designed to reduce the processing load on the host computer in POS environments. It
comprises a set of highly functional and efficient commands and also offers the flexibility to easily make
future upgrades.

For Safety
Key to Symbols
The symbols in this manual are identified by their level of importance, as defined below. Read
the following carefully before handling the product.
You must follow warnings carefully to avoid serious bodily injury.
WARNING
Provides information that must be observed to prevent damage to the equipment or loss of
data.
CAUTION • Possibility of sustaining physical injuries.
• Possibility of causing physical damage.
• Possibility of causing information loss.
Provides information that must be observed to avoid damage to your equipment or a

malfunction.
Provides important information and useful tips.

Warnings
• To avoid risk of electric shock, do not set up this product or handle cables during a
thunderstorm
WARNING • Never insert or disconnect the power plug with wet hands.
Doing so may result in severe shock.
• Handle the power cable with care.
Improper handling may lead to fire or electric shock.
∗ Do not modify or attempt to repair the cable.
∗ Do not place any heavy object on top of the cable.
∗ Avoid excessive bending, twisting, and pulling.
∗ Do not place the cable near heating equipment.
∗ Check that the plug is clean before plugging it in.
∗ Be sure to push the plug all the way in.
• Be sure to use the specified power source.
Connection to an improper power source may cause fire or shock.
• Do not place multiple loads on the power outlet.
Overloading the outlet may lead to fire.
• Shut down your equipment immediately if it produces smoke, a strange odor, or
unusual noise.
Continued use may lead to fire. Immediately unplug the equipment and contact your
dealer or a Seiko Epson service center for advice.
• Never attempt to repair this product yourself.
Improper repair work can be dangerous.
• Never disassemble or modify this product.
Tampering with this product may result in injury or fire.
• Do not allow foreign matter to fall into the equipment.
Penetration by foreign objects may lead to fire.
• If water or other liquid spills into this equipment, do not continue to use it.
Continued use may lead to fire. Unplug the power cord immediately and contact your
dealer or a Seiko Epson service center for advice.
• Do not use aerosol sprayers containing flammable gas inside or around this
product.
Doing so may cause fire.

Cautions
• Do not connect cables in ways other than those mentioned in this manual.
Different connections may cause equipment damage or fire.
CAUTION • Be sure to set this equipment on a firm, stable, horizontal surface.
The product may break or cause injury if it falls.
• Do not use this product in locations subject to high humidity or dust levels.
Excessive humidity and dust may cause equipment damage or fire.
• Do not place heavy objects on top of this product. Never stand or lean on this
product.
Equipment may fall or collapse, causing breakage and possible injury.
• Take care not to injure your fingers on the manual cutter
∗ When you remove printed paper
∗ When you perform other operations such as loading/replacing roll paper
• Do not open the roll paper cover without taking the necessary precautions, as this
can result in injury from the autocutter fixed blade.
• To ensure safety, unplug this product before leaving it unused for an extended
period.
Restriction of Use
When this product is used for applications requiring high reliability/safety, such as
transportation devices related to aviation, rail, marine, automotive, etc.; disaster prevention
devices; various safety devices, etc.; or functional/precision devices, etc., you should use this
product only after giving consideration to including fail-safes and redundancies into your
design to maintain safety and total system reliability. Because this product was not intended for
use in applications requiring extremely high reliability/safety, such as aerospace equipment,
main communication equipment, nuclear power control equipment, or medical equipment
related to direct medical care, etc., please make your own judgment on this product's suitability
after a full evaluation.

About this Manual
Aim of the Manual

This manual was created to provide information on development, design, and installation of
POS systems and development and design of printer applications for developers.
Manual Content
The manual is made up of the following sections:
Chapter 1 Product Overview
Chapter 2 Setup
Chapter 3 Application Development Information
Chapter 4 Handling
Appendix Specification of USB (Universal Serial Bus) Interface

Character Code Tables

Contents
■ For Safety...............................................................................................................................3
Key to Symbols ....................................................................................................................................... 3
Warnings ................................................................................................................................................. 4
Cautions.................................................................................................................................................. 5
■ Restriction of Use ..................................................................................................................5
■ About this Manual ................................................................................................................6
Aim of the Manual................................................................................................................................. 6
Manual Content .................................................................................................................................... 6
Product Overview ........................................................................11

■ Features ...............................................................................................................................11
■ Product Configurations ......................................................................................................13
Interface ............................................................................................................................................... 13
Colors .................................................................................................................................................... 13
Accessories........................................................................................................................................... 13
■ Part Names and Functions.................................................................................................14
1 Power Switch ..................................................................................................................................... 14
2 Power Switch Cover.......................................................................................................................... 14
3 Control Panel .................................................................................................................................... 15
Offline .................................................................................................................................................... 16
Connectors........................................................................................................................................... 16
■ Error Status ...........................................................................................................................17
Automatically Recoverable Errors ..................................................................................................... 17
Recoverable Errors............................................................................................................................... 17
Unrecoverable Errors ........................................................................................................................... 18
■ NV Memory (Non-Volatile Memory) ................................................................................19
NV Graphics Memory.......................................................................................................................... 19
User NV Memory .................................................................................................................................. 19
Memory Switches................................................................................................................................. 19
R/E (Receipt Enhancement) .............................................................................................................. 20
User-defined Page ............................................................................................................................... 20
Maintenance Counter ........................................................................................................................ 20
■ Product Specifications .......................................................................................................21
Printing Specifications ......................................................................................................................... 22
Character Specifications .................................................................................................................... 23
Paper Specifications............................................................................................................................ 24
Printable Area ...................................................................................................................................... 25
Printing and Cutting Positions ............................................................................................................. 26
Electrical Characteristics .................................................................................................................... 27
Environmental Conditions................................................................................................................... 28
External Dimensions and Mass ........................................................................................................... 29

Setup .............................................................................................31
■ Flow of Setup....................................................................................................................... 31
■ Installing the Printer............................................................................................................ 32
Installing the Printer Vertically .............................................................................................................33
Hanging the Printer on a Wall .............................................................................................................34
■ Changing the Paper Width................................................................................................ 36
■ Connecting the Printer to the Host Computer ................................................................. 37
Connecting the USB interface cable.................................................................................................37
■ Connecting to the Power Source...................................................................................... 38
Connecting the AC cable ..................................................................................................................38
■ Setting the Memory Switches/Receipt Enhancement.................................................... 39
Functions ...............................................................................................................................................40
■ Connecting the Optional Buzzer Unit ............................................................................... 45
Connecting the Buzzer Unit.................................................................................................................45
■ Connecting the Cash Drawer ........................................................................................... 47
Connecting the Drawer Kick-out Cable............................................................................................47
Drawer Connection Diagram .............................................................................................................48
Application Development Information......................................49

■ How to Control the Printer.................................................................................................. 49
Selecting a Driver .................................................................................................................................49
ESC/POS Commands ...........................................................................................................................50
■ Software and Manuals ....................................................................................................... 56
Printer Drivers ........................................................................................................................................56
Utilities ....................................................................................................................................................58
How to Get Drivers, Manuals, and the Utility.....................................................................................58
■ Setting/Checking Modes .................................................................................................. 59
Self-test Mode .......................................................................................................................................59
Hexadecimal Dumping Mode............................................................................................................61
NV Graphics Information Print Mode .................................................................................................62
Receipt Enhancement Information Print Mode ...............................................................................63
Memory Switch Setting Mode ............................................................................................................64

Handling .......................................................................................67
■ Installing and Replacing Roll Paper..................................................................................67
■ Removing Jammed Paper.................................................................................................69
When the Roll Paper Cover Cannot be Opened ............................................................................ 69
■ Cleaning the Printer............................................................................................................71
Cleaning the Printer Case .................................................................................................................. 71
Cleaning the Thermal Head/Platen Roller........................................................................................ 71
■ Preparing for Transport .......................................................................................................72
Appendix......................................................................................73
■ Specification of USB (Universal Serial Bus) Interface.......................................................73
USB transmission specifications........................................................................................................... 73
■ Character Code Tables......................................................................................................74
Common to All Pages ......................................................................................................................... 74
Page 0 [PC437: USA, Standard Europe] ............................................................................................ 75
Page 1 (Katakana) .............................................................................................................................. 76
Page 2 (PC850: Multilingual) .............................................................................................................. 77
Page 3 (PC860: Portuguese)............................................................................................................... 78
Page 4 (PC863: Canadian-French) ................................................................................................... 79
Page 5 (PC865: Nordic) ...................................................................................................................... 80
Page 11 (PC851: Greek) ..................................................................................................................... 81
Page 12 (PC853: Turkish) ..................................................................................................................... 82
Page 13 (PC857: Turkish) ..................................................................................................................... 83
Page 14 (PC737: Greek) ..................................................................................................................... 84
Page 15 (ISO8859-7: Greek) ............................................................................................................... 85
Page 16 (WPC1252)............................................................................................................................. 86
Page 17 (PC866: Cyrillic #2)................................................................................................................ 87
Page 18 (PC852: Latin2)...................................................................................................................... 88
Page 19 (PC858: Euro)......................................................................................................................... 89
Page 20 (KU42: Thai)............................................................................................................................ 90
Page 21 (TIS11: Thai) ............................................................................................................................ 91
Page 26 (TIS18: Thai) ............................................................................................................................ 92
Page 30 (TCVN-3: Vietnamese) ......................................................................................................... 93
Page 31 (TCVN-3: Vietnamese) ......................................................................................................... 94
Page 32 (PC720: Arabic) .................................................................................................................... 95
Page 33 (WPC775: Baltic Rim)............................................................................................................ 96
Page 34 (PC855: Cyrillic)..................................................................................................................... 97
Page 35 (PC861: Icelandic)................................................................................................................ 98
Page 36 (PC862: Hebrew) .................................................................................................................. 99
Page 37 (PC864: Arabic) .................................................................................................................. 100
Page 38 (PC869: Greek) ................................................................................................................... 101
Page 39 (ISO8859-2: Latin2) .............................................................................................................. 102
Page 40 (ISO8859-15: Latin9) ............................................................................................................ 103
Page 41 (PC1098: Farsi)..................................................................................................................... 104

Page 42 (PC1118: Lithuanian)...........................................................................................................105
Page 43 (PC1119: Lithuanian)...........................................................................................................106
Page 44 (PC1125: Ukrainian).............................................................................................................107
Page 45 (WPC1250: Latin 2) ..............................................................................................................108
Page 46 (WPC1251: Cyrillic) ..............................................................................................................109
Page 47 (WPC1253: Greek)...............................................................................................................110
Page 48 (WPC1254: Turkish) ..............................................................................................................111
Page 49 (WPC1255: Hebrew)............................................................................................................112
Page 50 (WPC1256: Arabic)..............................................................................................................113
Page 51 (WPC1257: Baltic Rim) ........................................................................................................114
Page 52 (WPC1258: Vietnamese) ....................................................................................................115
Page 53 (KZ1048: Kazakhstan) ..........................................................................................................116
Page 255 (User-Defined Page)..........................................................................................................117
International Character Sets.............................................................................................................118
10

Product Overview
This chapter describes features and specifications of the product.
Features
Printing
• High speed receipt printing is possible (150 mm/s maximum).
• Shifting from 80 mm width paper printing to 58 mm width paper printing is available.
1
Handling
• Easy drop-in paper loading
Software
• Command protocol is based on the ESC/POS® Proprietary Command System.
• Windows printer drivers, OPOS ADK, and other drivers (Linux CUPS, Mac driver) are
available.
• Printing of various types of bar codes, GS1-DataBar, and two-dimensional symbols (PDF417,
QR code, MaxiCode, Composite Symbology) is supported.
• A maintenance counter function is supported.
• Multiple languages are supported for code pages, Windows drivers, and utility software.
Interface
• USB interface is available.
• USB virtual serial interface and USB virtual parallel interface are supported.
Environmental
• The TM-T20 is ENERGY STAR qualified.
11

Others
• Various installation layouts (horizontal, vertical, and wall-hanging installation) are selectable.
• Software & Documents Disc is included containing drivers, utility software, and manuals.
• Optional buzzer unit is available.
12

Product Configurations
Interface
• USB interface model
Colors
• ECW (Epson Cool White)
• EDG (Epson Dark Gray)
1
Accessories
Included
• Roll paper (for operation check)
• Power switch cover
• Power switch waterproof cover
• Wall hanging bracket
• Screws for wall hanging bracket
• Rubber feet for vertical installation
• Control panel label for vertical installation
• 58-mm width paper guide plate
• Interface cable
• AC cable
• TM-T20 Software & Documents Disc containing drivers, utilities, and documentation
• Setup Guide
• Warranty certificate*
* May not be included depending on the model.
Options
• Affixing tape for fixing the printer (Model: DF-10)
• External buzzer unit (Model: OT-BZ20)
13

Part Names and Functions
Roll paper cover Control panel (3)
Cutter cover
Cover open lever
Power switch cover (2) Manual cutter
Power switch (1)
1 Power Switch
Turns the printer on or off. The marks on the switch: ( : OFF/ : ON)
Before turning the printer off, it is recommended to send a power-off command to the
printer. If you use the power-off sequence, the latest maintenance counter values are
saved. (Maintenance counter values are usually saved every two minutes.)
For information about ESC/POS commands, see the ESC/POS Application Programming
Guide.
2 Power Switch Cover

Install the power switch cover that comes with the TM-T20 onto the printer to prevent
inadvertent operation of the power switch and to prevent tampering. To reset the printer when
the power switch cover is installed, insert a long, thin object (such as the end of a paper clip) into
the hole in the power switch cover and press the power switch.
A waterproof cover for the power switch is also included.
If an accident occurs with the power switch cover attached, unplug the AC cable
immediately.
WARNING Continued use of the printer may cause fire or shock.
Use the power switch waterproof cover if the printer is installed in a humid location or
exposed to water. If current leakage occurs, it could result in electric shock.
14

3 Control Panel
(Power) LED (1)
Error LED (2)
Paper LED (3)
Feed button (4)
When installing the printer vertically or hanging the printer on a wall, be sure to attach the
included control panel label for vertical installation on the roll paper cover. The control panel
label for vertical installation is upside down.
1
1 Power LED (green)
• Lights when the power supply is on.
• Goes out when the power supply is turned off.
2 Error LED (orange)

Lights or flashes when the printer is offline.
• Lights after the power is turned on or after a reset (offline). Automatically goes out after a
while to indicate that the printer is ready.
• Lights when the end of the roll paper is detected, and when printing has stopped (offline). If
this happens, replace the roll paper.
• Flashes when an error occurs. (For information about the flashing patterns, see "Error Status"
on page 17.)
• Goes out during regular operation (online).
3 Paper LED (orange)

• Lights when there is no more roll paper.
• Off when there is a sufficient amount of roll paper remaining.
• Flashes when a self-test is in progress or when macro execution standby state.
4 Feed button
Pressing this button once feeds the roll paper by one line. Holding this button down feeds the
roll paper continuously.
Enabling/disabling of Feed button can be selected by a command. If the command is set to

disable this button, it does not function.
15

Offline
The printer automatically goes offline under the following conditions:
• During power on until the printer is ready
• During the self-test
• While roll paper is fed using the Feed button
• When the printer stops printing due to a paper-end (if an empty paper supply is detected by
the roll paper end sensor)
• During a macro execution standby state
• When an error has occurred
Connectors
All cables are connected to the connector panel on the lower rear of the printer.
interface connector
Drawer kick-out connector
AC inlet
• Drawer kick-out connector: Connects the cash drawer or the optional external buzzer.
• Interface connector: Connects the printer with the host computer interface.
• AC inlet: Connects the AC cable.
Do not turn on the printer before installing the printer driver.
For information about how to connect the interface connector, cash drawer, and optional
external buzzer, see "Connecting to the Power Source" on page 38, "Connecting the Cash
Drawer" on page 47, and "Connecting the Optional Buzzer Unit" on page 45.
16

Error Status
There are three possible error types: automatically recoverable errors, recoverable errors, and
unrecoverable errors.
Automatically Recoverable Errors

Printing is no longer possible when automatically recoverable errors occur. They can be
recovered easily, as described below.
Error Error description Error LED flashing pattern Recovery measure
Roll paper
cover open
The roll paper cover
was opened during
LED ON
LED OFF
Recovers automatically
when the roll paper
1
error printing. Approx. 160 ms cover is closed.
Print head A high temperature LED ON

Recovers automatically
temperature outside the head when the print head
LED OFF
error drive operating Approx. 160 ms cools.
range was
detected.
Recoverable Errors
Printing is no longer possible when recoverable errors occur. They can be recovered easily by
turning the power on again or sending an error recovery command from the driver after
eliminating the cause of the error.
Error Error description Error LED flashing pattern Recovery measure
Autocutter Autocutter does LED ON Remove the jammed

error not work correctly. LED OFF
paper or foreign matter
Approx. 2.56 s in the printer, close the
Approx. 160 ms
roll paper cover, send
the error recovery
command, or turn the
power on to recover.
The error recovery command is valid only if a recoverable error (excluding automatically
recoverable errors) occurs.
17

Unrecoverable Errors
Printing is no longer possible when unrecoverable errors occur. The printer must be repaired.
Turn off the power immediately when an unrecoverable error occurs.
CAUTION
Error Error description Error LED flashing pattern
Memory R/W error After R/W checking, the printer

LED ON
does not work correctly.
LED OFF
Approx. 160 ms
High voltage error The power supply voltage is

LED ON
extremely high.
LED OFF
Approx. 160 ms
Low voltage error The power supply voltage is

LED ON
extremely low.
LED OFF
Approx. 160 ms
CPU execution error The CPU is executing an

LED ON
incorrect address.
LED OFF
Approx. 160 ms
Internal circuit Internal circuits are not

LED ON
connection error connected correctly.
LED OFF
Approx. 2.56 s
Approx. 160 ms
18

NV Memory (Non-Volatile Memory)

The printer's NV memory stores data even after the printer power is turned off. NV memory
contains the following memory areas for the user:
• NV graphics memory
• User NV memory
• Memory switches
• R/E (Receipt Enhancement)
• User-defined page
• Maintenance counter
NV memory can be rewritten about 100,000 times. As a guide, NV memory rewriting should
be used 10 times or less a day when you program applications.
1
NV Graphics Memory
Graphics, such as shop logos to be printed on receipts, can be registered.
Use the TM-T20 Utility to register graphics. You can also use the TM-T20 Utility or the NV
graphics information print mode to print and confirm the registered graphics.
• For information about the TM-T20 Utility, see the TM-T20 Utility User’s Manual.
• For information about how to use the NV graphics information print mode, see "NV
Graphics Information Print Mode" on page 62.
User NV Memory
You can store and read text data for multiple purposes, such as for storing a note including
customizing or maintenance information of the printer.
Use ESC/POS commands to store and read the text data.
For information about ESC/POS commands, see the ESC/POS Application Programming
Guide.
Memory Switches
With the memory switches, which are software switches for the printer, you can configure
various settings of the printer. For information about the memory switch, see "Setting the
Memory Switches/Receipt Enhancement" on page 39.
19

R/E (Receipt Enhancement)
Graphics, such as shop logos can be printed on top or bottom of receipts by setting R/E (Receipt
Enhancement). For information about R/E, see "Setting the Memory Switches/Receipt
Enhancement" on page 39.
User-defined Page
You can store character data in the user-defined page (character code table: page 255) so that you
can also print characters not resident in the printer.
Maintenance Counter
With this function, printer information, such as the number of lines printed, the number of
autocuts, and printer operation time after the printer starts working, is automatically stored in
NV memory. You can read the information with the Status API of the APD or OPOS ADK to use
it for periodical checks or part replacement.
You can also check the head running length and number of times of autocutting with the
self-test (see "Self-test Mode" on page 59.) and the TM-T20 Utility.
20

Product Specifications
Printing method Thermal line printing
Printing direction Unidirectional with friction feed
Paper feed speed Approx. 150 mm/s {approx. 5.91"/s} (continuous paper feeding
with the Feed button)
Cutting method Partial cut (cutting with one point in left edge left uncut)
Interface USB [USB 2.0, Full-speed (12 Mbps)]
Buffers Receive buffer 4 KB/45 bytes (selectable using the memory switch)
Downloaded buffer
(user-defined characters
and user-defined images)
12 KB
1
NV graphics memory 256 KB
Download graphics 208 KB

memory
NV user memory 1KB
User-defined page area 64 KB
Barcode/ UPC-A, UPC-E, JAN 8 (EAN 8), JAN 13 (EAN 13), CODE 39, ITF,
two-dimensional symbol printing CODABAR (NW-7), CODE 93, CODE 128, GS1-128, GS1 DataBar
Omnidirectional, GS1 DataBar Truncated,GS1 DataBar
Stacked, GS1 DataBar Stacked Omnidirectional,GS1 DataBar
Limited, GS1 DataBar Expanded,GS1 DataBar Expanded
Stacked, PDF417, QR CODE, MaxiCode, Composite Symbology
Cash drawer function 2 drives
Power supply Supply voltage: AC100-240V 50/60Hz, Rated current: 1.0 A
Life Printer mechanism 15,000,000 lines (printing + paper feeding)
Thermal head 100 million pulses,100 km
Autocutter 1,500,000 cuts
MTBF 360,000 hours
MCBF 60,000,000 lines
Temperature/humidity Operating: 5 to 45°C {41 to 113°F}, 10 to 90% RH

Storage: -10 to 50°C {14 to 122°F}, 10 to 90% RH
Overall dimensions (H × W × D) 146 × 140 × 199 mm {5.75 × 5.51 × 7.83"}
Weight (mass) Approx. 1.7 kg {3.74 lb}
21

Printing Specifications
80 mm width paper 58 mm width paper

setting setting
Printing method Thermal line printing
Dot density 203 × 203 dpi
Paper Normal mode (initial setting) 72.1 mm (2.84"), 576 dots 52.6 mm (2.07"), 420 dots
width
42 column mode 68.3 mm (2.69"), 546 dots 47.3 mm (1.86"), 378 dots
Characters Normal mode Font A (12 x 24) 48 35

per line (initial setting)
Font B (9 x 17) 64 46
42 column Font A (13 x 24) 42 42

mode
Font B (9 x 17) 60 31
Character Normal mode Font A (12 x 24) 0.25 mm {0.0098"} (2 dots)

spacing (initial setting)
Font B (9 x 17) 0.25 mm {0.0098"} (2 dots)
42 column Font A (13 x 24) 0.38 mm {0.015"} (3 dots) 0.25 mm {0.0098"} (2 dots)
mode
Font B (9 x 17) 0.25 mm {0.0098"} (2 dots) 0.25 mm {0.0098"} (2 dots)
Line spacing 3.75 mm {1/5"} (initial setting, programmable by

command)
Maximum print speed* 150 mm/s {5.91"/s}
dpi: dots per inch

*: when the printer prints with the standard print density level at 25°C {77°F}.
• To change the paper width, you need to install the 58-mm width paper guide plate and to
make the paper width setting with the memory switch. For information about how to
change the paper width, see "Changing the Paper Width" on page 36.
• Because some parts of the print head and the autocutter contact the platen and they
may become worn out, once you change the paper width from 80 to 58 mm and use the
printer, you cannot change it back to 80 mm.
Printing speed may be slower, depending on the such items as the data transmission
speed.
22

Character Specifications
80 mm width 58 mm width
paper setting paper setting
Number of characters Alphanumeric characters: 95

Extended graphics: 128 × 43 pages
(including user-defined page)
International characters: 18 sets
Character structure Normal Font A 12 × 24 (including 2-dot horizontal spacing)

mode (initial
Font B 9 × 17 (including 2-dot horizontal spacing)
setting)
42 column
mode
Font A 13 × 24 (including 3-
dot horizontal
9 × 17 (including 2-
dot horizontal
1
spacing) spacing)
Font B 9 × 17 (including 2- 12 × 24 (including 2-

dot horizontal dot horizontal
spacing) spacing)
Character size* Normal Font A 1.25 × 3.00 mm/1.25 × 6.00 mm/

(Standard/Double-height/ mode (initial 2.50 × 3.00 mm/2.50 × 6.00 mm
Double-width/ setting)
Double-width, double-height) Font B 0.88 × 2.13 mm/0.88 × 4.26 mm/
1.76 × 2.13 mm/1.76 × 4.26 mm
42 column Font A 1.25 × 3.00 mm/ 0.88 × 2.13 mm/

mode 1.25 × 6.00 mm/ 0.88 × 4.26 mm/
2.50 × 3.00 mm/ 1.76 × 2.13 mm/
2.50 × 6.00 mm 1.76 × 4.26 mm
Font B 0.88 × 2.13 mm/ 1.25 × 3.00 mm/

0.88 × 4.26 mm/ 1.25 × 6.00 mm/
1.76 × 2.13 mm/ 2.50 × 3.00 mm/
1.76 × 4.26 mm 2.50 × 6.00 mm
Note:
*: Space between characters is not included.
Characters can be scaled up to 64 times as large as the standard size.
23

Paper Specifications
80 mm width paper setting 58 mm width paper setting
Paper types Specified thermal paper
Form Roll paper
Size Roll paper diameter 83 mm {3.27"} maximum
Roll paper spool Inside: 12 mm {0.47"}, Outside: 18 mm {0.71"}
Roll width when taken up 80 + 0.5/-1.0 mm 58 + 0.5/-1.0 mm
Paper width 79.5 ± 0.5 mm 57.5 ± 0.5 mm
Specified roll paper type NTP080-80 NTP058-80
• Paper must not be pasted to the roll paper spool.

• For the best print quality for each paper type, it is recommended to set the print density.
(See "Setting the Memory Switches/Receipt Enhancement" on page 39.)
24

Printable Area
80 mm paper width setting

The maximum printable area of paper with a width of 79.5 ± 0.5 mm {3.13 ± 0.02"} is 72.1 ± 0.2
mm {2.84 ± 0.008"} (576 dots) and the approximate space is 3.0 mm {0.12"} on the left side on the
left side and 4.5 mm {0.18"} on the right side.
79.5 ± 0.5 mm {3.13 ± 0.02”}
1
72.1 ± 0.2 mm {2.84 ± 0.008}
3.0 mm {0.12} 4.5 mm {0.18}
58 mm paper width setting

The maximum printable area of paper with a width of 57.5 ± 0.5 mm {2.26 ± 0.02"} is 52.6 ± 0.2
mm {2.07 ± 0.008"} (420 dots), and the approximate space is 3.0 mm {0.12"} on the left side and 2.0
mm {0.079"} on the right side.
57.5 ± 0.5 mm {2.26 ± 0.02”}
52.6 ± 0.2 mm {2.07 ± 0.008}
3.0 mm {0.12} 2.0 mm {0.079}
25

Printing and Cutting Positions
Manual-cutter position
Approx. 27.1
Approx. 10.5
Autocutter blade position
Center of the print dotline
Paper feed direction
[units: mm (All the numeric values are typical.)]
The values above may vary slightly as a result of paper slack or variations in the paper.
Take this into account when setting the cutting position of the autocutter.
26

Electrical Characteristics
Supply voltage AC 100-240V 50/60 Hz
Rated current 1.0 A
Note on printing with a high print ratio

If printing is continuously performed with a high print ratio, the overcurrent protection may be
activated and result in uneven print density or a low voltage error. Therefore, the printing length
must not exceed the following values when printing with high print ratio.
Print ratio: Number of dots being energized per one dot line / Total number of dots per one
dot line (576 dots) 1
Maximum permissible printing length on print ratio
Print ratio 80% 100%
Print example
58 mm 72 mm
Print length 30 mm 20 mm
27

Environmental Conditions
Temperature/ Operating 5 to 45°C {41 to 113°F}, 10 to 90% RH (See the operating

Humidity temperature and humidity range below.)
Storage -10 to 50°C {14 to 122°F}, 10 to 90% RH (except for paper)
[%RH]
90 34°C, 90%
Relative humidity
80
40°C, 65%
60
45°C, 50%
Operating
40 environment
range
20
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 [°C]
Ambient temperature
Acoustic noise (operating) Approximately 55 dB (bystander position)

Note:
The values above are measured in the Epson evaluation
condition.
Acoustic noise differs depending on the paper used, printing
contents, and the setting values, such as print speed or print
density.
28

External Dimensions and Mass

• Height: Approximately 146 mm {5.75"}
• Width: Approximately 140 mm {5.51"}
• Depth: Approximately 199 mm {7.83"}
• Mass: Approximately 1.7 kg {3.74 lb} (except for roll paper)
140
199
146
[Units: mm]
29

30

Chapter 2 Setup
Setup
This chapter describes setup and installation of the product and peripherals.
Flow of Setup
This chapter consists of the following sections along with the setup flow of the product and
peripherals.
1. Installing the Printer (page 32)
2. Changing the Paper Width (page 36)

2
3. Connecting the Printer to the Host Computer (page 37)
4. Connecting to the Power Source (page 38)
5. Setting the Memory Switches/Receipt Enhancement (page 39)
6. Connecting the Optional Buzzer Unit (page 45)
7. Connecting the Cash Drawer (page 47)
31

Installing the Printer
You can install the printer horizontally on a flat surface (with the paper exit on top) or vertically
(with the paper exit at the front). Also, you can hang it on a wall using the included accessories.
Horizontal installation Vertical installation Hanging on a wall
• Take measures to prevent the printer from moving by vibration during paper cutting and
when using a drawer. Affixing tape (Model: DF-10) is provided as an option.
• Do not place the printer in dusty locations.
• Do not knock or strike the printer. This may cause defective print.
• Do not catch cables or foreign matter under the printer.
32

Chapter 2 Setup
Installing the Printer Vertically

When installing the printer vertically, be sure to attach the included control panel label for
vertical installation on the roll paper cover, and attach 4 rubber feet in the rectangular indents in
the printer case, as shown in the illustration below.
Control panel label for

vertical installation
Rubber feet
Vertical installation
You can install the printer so that the roll paper cover is upright to the mounting surface using
the included wall hanging bracket.
2
1 Attach the control panel label for vertical installation on the roll paper
cover.
2 Install the wall hanging bracket on the printer, and fix it using 2 included
screws.
3 Attach 2 rubber feet in the rectangular indents in the printer case, and
attach 2 rubber feet within the scribed line on the hanging bracket.
4 Place the printer with the wall-hanging-bracket-side down.
3 Rubber feet
Control panel label
for vertical installation
207 mm
{8.15"}
2 Wall hanging
bracket
33

Hanging the Printer on a Wall
To hang the printer on the wall, follow the steps below.
• To fix the printer securely, install the wall hanging bracket on a wall made of wood,
concrete, or metal. The thickness of the wall should be 10 mm {0.4"} or more.
• Be sure to use metallic screws.
• The screws on the wall side must have a pull-out strength of 150 N (15.3 kgf) or more.
1 Attach the included control panel label for vertical installation on the roll
paper cover.
Control panel label
for vertical installation
2 Install 2 screws (screw diameter: 4 mm {0.16"}, head diameter: 7 to 9 mm

{0.28 to 0.35"}) in the wall at an interval of 80 mm {3.15"}.
Make sure the length of the screw's body in the wall is 10 mm {0.39"} or more, and the
length outside the wall is 3 to 4 mm {0.12 to 0.16"}.
R
3- 4 mm
7- 9 mm
4 mm
80 mm
10 mm or more
34

Chapter 2 Setup
3 Remove the installed 2 screws from the printer, install the wall hanging
bracket on the printer, and fix it using the screws.
R
Screws
Wall hanging bracket
4 Align the holes in the wall hanging bracket with the screws on the wall,
and hook it securely.
35

Changing the Paper Width
You can change the paper width from 80 to 58 mm by installing the included 58-mm width paper
guide plate. Follow the steps below to change the paper width.
• When changing the paper width, be sure to make the setting for the paper width with the
memory switch. For information about the memory, see "Setting the Memory Switches/
Receipt Enhancement" on page 39
1 Open the roll paper cover.
2 Align 3 projections on the 58-mm width paper guide plate with the
rectangular holes in the printer, and push it downwards.
58-mm width
paper guide plate
Rectangular holes
36

Chapter 2 Setup
Connecting the Printer to the Host Computer

• Be sure to install the printer driver before connecting the printer to the host computer.
• The printer uses modular connectors specifically designed for the cash drawer. Do not
connect the connector to an ordinary telephone line.
This printer is connected to the host computer via the USB port. When a customer display
(DM-D) is to be connected, connect it to the host computer via the serial port.
The modular cable is amounted on the cash drawer.
Power supply unit + AC cable
DM-D AC cable
Serial cable
2
USB cable Modular cable
TM-T20 Cash drawer
Connecting the USB interface cable
1 Connect the USB cable to the USB upstream connector.
USB cable
2 Connect the other end of the USB cable to the host computer.
37

Connecting to the Power Source
• Never insert the AC cable plug into a socket that does not meet the rated voltage
requirements of the printer.
WARNING Doing so may result in damage to the printer.
• Should a fault ever occur, immediately turn off the power to the printer and unplug
the AC cable from the wall socket.
Be sure to use the included AC cable.
Connecting the AC cable
1 Make sure the printer is turned off.
2 Connect the AC cable to the AC inlet.
AC cable
AC inlet
3 Insert the AC plug into a wall socket.
Do not turn on the printer before installing the printer driver.
38

Chapter 2 Setup
Setting the Memory Switches/Receipt Enhancement

With the memory switch and R/E (receipt enhancement) function, which are software settings
for this printer, you can set the various functions.
For an outline of the functions, see the following section. Use the methods shown in the table
below; TM-T20 Utility, Memory Switch Setting Mode, or ESC/POS commands, to set the
memory switches and R/E functions.
Memory
ESC/POS
Item\Method TM-T20 Utility Switch
Commands
Setting Mode
Receive buffer capacity ✔ ✔
BUSY condition ✔ ✔
Processing when data receive error ✔ ✔
Auto line feed ✔ ✔
USB power-saving function ✔ ✔
Release condition of receive buffer BUSY
Roll paper width ✔

✔
✔
✔
✔
2
Memory Switches
Print density ✔ ✔ ✔
Print speed ✔ ✔ ✔
Customized Values
Character code table default ✔ ✔ ✔
International character default ✔ ✔ ✔
Number of columns ✔ ✔ ✔
Autocutting after closing cover ✔ ✔ ✔
Font A auto replacement ✔ ✔
Font B auto replacement ✔ ✔ ✔
Optional buzzer ✔ ✔ ✔
Communication condition of USB interface ✔ ✔ ✔
Auto top logo ✔ ✔

Enhancement
Receipt
Auto bottom logo ✔ ✔
Top logo when printer is powered on ✔ ✔
Top logo when cover is closed ✔ ✔
• For information about the TM-T20 Utility, see the TM-T20 Utility User’s Manual.
• For information about how to use the memory switch setting mode, see "Memory Switch
Setting Mode" on page 64.
• For information about ESC/POS commands, see the ESC/POS Application
Programming Guide.
39

Functions
Receive buffer capacity

• 4KB (initial setting)
• 45 bytes
BUSY condition
• Receive buffer full/Offline (initial setting)
• Receive buffer full
• In either case above, the printer enters the BUSY state after power is turned on, and
when a self-test is being run.
• If BUSY condition is set to “Receive buffer full,“ the printer will not become BUSY
∗ When the cover is open
∗ When paper is fed by the FEED button
∗ When printing has stopped for a paper out
∗ When macro execution ready state
∗ When error has occurred
Processing when data receive error

• Prints “?” (initial setting)
• Ignored
Auto line feed

• Always enabled (initial setting)
• Always disabled
USB power-saving function

• Disabled (initial setting)
• Enabled
The USB power-saving function is valid only when the USB interface communication
condition is set to the vendor-defined class and the system configuration is set so that the
USB driver can support the USB power-saving function.
40

Chapter 2 Setup
Release condition of receive buffer BUSY

• Releases when the remaining receive buffer capacity becomes 256 bytes (initial setting)
• Releases when the remaining receive buffer capacity becomes 138 bytes
Roll paper width

• 80 mm (initial setting)
• 58 mm
• To change the paper width, you need to install the 58-mm width paper guide plate. For
information about how to change the paper width, see "Changing the Paper Width" on
page 36.
Setting the print density 2

Selectable from levels 1 to 7 (85% ∼ 115%).
Initial setting: level 4 (standard)
Depending on the paper type, it is recommended to set the print density as shown in the table
below for the best print quality.
Original Paper type Density Level
TF50KS-E, TF60KS-E, PD150R, PD160R, PD190R, 4 (100%)

P220AGB-1, P300, P310, P350, AF50KS-E, KT55F20,
KT48F20
F5041 5 (105%)
When the print density level is increased, printing speed may be reduced.
Print speed
Selectable from levels 1 to 13 (Slow ∼ Fast)
Initial setting: level 13
Depending on print conditions, such as print duty, print head temperature, and data
transmission speed, print speed is automatically adjusted, which may cause white lines due
to intermittent print (the motor sometimes stops). To avoid this, keep the print speed
constant by setting it lower.
41

Character code table default
Selectable from 43 pages including user defined page
Initial setting: Page 0 (PC437: USA, Standard Europe)
For the character code table, see "Character Code Tables" on page 74.
International character default

Selectable from 18 sets
Initial setting: USA
For the character code table, see "International Character Sets" on page 118.
Number of columns
• Standard mode (initial setting)
• 42 column mode
Autocutting after closing cover

• Cuts (initial setting)
• Does not cut
Font A auto replacement

• Does not replace (initial setting)
• Font B
Font B auto replacement

• Does not replace (initial setting)
• Font A
42

Chapter 2 Setup
Optional buzzer
• For information about how to connect the optional buzzer, see "Connecting the Optional
Buzzer Unit" on page 45.
• When the optional buzzer is set to "Enabled," a cash drawer cannot be used. Be sure to
set it to “Disabled“ when you use a cash drawer.
Enables/disables
• Enables
• Disables (initial setting)
Buzzer frequency (error)

• Does not sound
• Sounds 1 time
• Sounds continuously (initial setting)
Sound pattern (Autocut) 2

Selectable from Patterns A to E
Initial setting: Pattern A
Buzzer frequency (Autocut)

• Does not sound
• Sounds 1 time (initial setting)
Sound pattern (Pulse 1)

Initial setting: Pattern A
Buzzer frequency (Pulse 1)

• Does not sound
Sound pattern (Pulse 2)

Initial setting: Pattern B
Buzzer frequency (Pulse 2)

• Does not sound
43

Communication condition of USB interface
• USB printer class (initial setting)
• USB vendor-defined class
Auto top logo

Key-code
Selectable from key-codes of registered logos
Alignment
• Left
• Center
• Right
Auto bottom logo

Key-code
Selectable from key-codes of registered logos
Alignment
• Left
• Center
• Right
Top logo when printer is powered on

• Enables
• Disables (initial setting)
Top logo when cover is closed

• Enables (initial setting)
• Disables
44

Chapter 2 Setup
Connecting the Optional Buzzer Unit

When the optional buzzer unit (model: OT-BZ20) is connected to the drawer kick-out connector
of the printer, you can set the printer so that it beeps when you send commands, when an error
occurs, and when the printer does specific operations such as autocutting. Settings for sound
patterns and frequency depending on the occasions the buzzer beeps are also available.
You need to set the memory switches for buzzer enable/disable setting, sound pattern setting,
and frequency setting. For information about the memory switches, see "Setting the Memory
Switches/Receipt Enhancement" on page 39.
• Be sure to turn off the printer before you connect/disconnect the buzzer unit.
• Do not connect both the optional buzzer unit and the cash drawer to the printer at the
same time by using a branched connector.
2
Volume adjustment knob
Connecting the Buzzer Unit

The buzzer unit is recommended to be installed in the following positions.
• When using the printer horizontally: either side
• When using the printer vertically or on the wall: either side/top/bottom (only for wall-
hanging installation)
Horizontal installation Vertical/Wall-hanging installation
• Do not install the optional buzzer unit at the roll paper exit.
• To prevent liquid from entering inside, it is recommended to install the buzzer unit so that
the volume adjustment knob is positioned sideways or downward.
45

1 Turn off the printer.
2 Clean and dry the printer case where the buzzer unit will be installed.
3 With 2 included pieces of the affixing tape combined, peel off the
backing paper on one side, and stick the tape in the center of the
attaching surface of the buzzer unit.
Affixing tape
4 Connect the cable of the buzzer unit to the drawer kick-out connector
on the printer.
Drawer kick-out
connector
5 Peel off the backing paper on the other side of the affixing tape, and
attach the buzzer unit to the printer case.
Printer case
46

Chapter 2 Setup
Connecting the Cash Drawer

Use a cash drawer handled by EPSON or your dealer.
• Do not connect both the optional external buzzer and the cash drawer to the printer at
the same time by using a branched connector.
• When the optional buzzer is set to "Enabled" with the memory switch (see "Setting the
Memory Switches/Receipt Enhancement" on page 39), a cash drawer cannot be used.
Be sure to set it to “Disabled“ when you use a cash drawer.
Connecting the Drawer Kick-out Cable
• Specifications of drawers differ depending on makers or models. When you use a

drawer other than specified, make sure its specification meets the following
WARNING conditions.
Otherwise, devices may be damaged.
∗ The load, such as a drawer kick-out solenoid, must be connected between pins 4 and
2 or pins 4 and 5 of the drawer kick-out connector.
∗ When the drawer open/close signal is used, a switch must be provided between
2
drawer kick-out connector pins 3 and 6.
∗ The resistance of the load, such as a drawer kick-out solenoid, must be 24 Ω or more
or the input current must be 1A or less.
∗ Be sure to use the 24V power output on drawer-kick out connector pin 4 for driving the
equipment.
• Use a shield cable for the drawer connector cable.
• Two driver transistors cannot be energized simultaneously.
• Leave intervals longer than 4 times the drawer driving pulse when sending it
continuously.
• Do not insert a telephone line into the drawer kick-out connector.
Doing so may damage the telephone line or printer.
Connect the connector of the drawer kick-out cable to the printer.
Drawer kick-out cable
Drawer kick-out connector
47

Drawer Connection Diagram
() 1 Drawer kick-out connector

With shielded
2
Drawer kick-out solenoid
8 4
Control device
5
Drawer open/close switch
6
Printer side User side [Drawer kick-out side]
48

Application Development Information

This chapter describes how to control the printer and gives information useful for printer
application development.
How to Control the Printer

Use a driver or ESC/POS commands to control the printer.
Selecting a Driver
Choose one of the drivers listed in "Printer Drivers" on page 56, depending on the application
operating environment. You cannot control a single printer with more than one driver.
For information about the driver operating environment, see the installation manual for each
driver.
When you newly develop an application

• Use APD if you want to print TrueType fonts or print many graphics.
• OPOS ADK is recommended for system extensibility. An OPOS driver is provided for various
3
peripherals and it is a POS industry standard now. It enables POS system efficiency, reduction
of development cost, and effective use of application assets.
You can use all functions, including ones not supported by OPOS ADK or APD, by using
ESC/POS commands through your driver. Use the DIRECT I/O function of OPOS ADK, the
control A command of APD, or Status API to send ESC/POS commands from each driver.
(See "ESC/POS command functions" on page 50.)
49

ESC/POS Commands
ESC/POS is the Epson original printer command system. With ESC/POS commands, you can
directly control all the TM printer functions, but detailed knowledge of printer specifications or
combination of commands is required, compared to using a driver.
To use ESC/POS commands, you need to agree to a nondisclosure contract first and obtain the
ESC/POS Application Programming Guide. Ask your dealer for details.
The ESC/POS command functions are listed below. See the ESC/POS Application Programming
Guide for more details.
ESC/POS command functions
Commands for printing
Print and line feed
Print and feed paper
Print and feed n lines
Print and return to standard mode (in page mode)
Print and carriage return
Print data in page mode
Select print mode(s)
Select the print speed
Turn double-strike mode on/off
Commands for line spacing
Set line spacing
Select default line spacing
Commands for print character
Select character code table
Select an international character set
Set right-side character spacing
Turn underline mode on/off
Turn emphasized mode on/off
Turn double-strike mode on/off
Select character font
50

Turn 90° clockwise rotation mode on/off
Select character size
Turn smoothing mode on/off
Turn upside-down print mode on/off
Turn white/black reverse print mode on/off
Select/cancel user-defined character set
Define user-defined characters
Cancel user-defined characters
Cancel print data in page mode
Commands for panel buttons
Enable/disable panel buttons
Commands for print positions
Horizontal tab
Set horizontal tab positions
Set left margin
Set print area width 3

Select justification
Set absolute print position
Set relative print position
Set print area in page mode
Select print direction in page mode
Set absolute vertical print position in page mode
Set relative vertical print position in page mode
Commands for bit image
Transmit the NV graphic memory capacity
Print the graphics data in the print buffer
Transmit the remaining capacity of the NV graphics memory
Transmit the remaining capacity of the downloaded NV graphics memory
Transmit the key code list for defined NV graphics
Delete all NV graphics data
51

Delete the specified NV graphics data
Define the NV graphics data (raster format)
Print the specified NV graphics data
Transmit the key code list for defined downloaded graphics
Delete all downloaded graphics data
Delete the specified downloaded graphics data
Define the downloaded graphics data (raster format)
Print the specified downloaded graphics data
Store the graphics data in the print buffer (raster format)
Select bit-image mode
Define downloaded bit image
Print downloaded bit image
Define Windows BMP NV graphics data
Define Windows BMP download graphics data
Commands for status
Enable/disable Automatic Status Back (ASB)
Transmit status
Transmit real-time status
Commands for barcode
Print barcode
Set barcode height
Set barcode width
Select print position of HRI characters
Select font for HRI characters
Commands for two-dimensional codes
PDF417: Set the number of columns in the data region
PDF417: Set the number of rows
PDF417: Set the width of module
PDF417: Set the row height
PDF417: Set the error correction level
52

PDF417: Select the options
PDF417: Store the data in the symbol storage area
PDF417: Print the symbol data in the symbol storage area
PDF417: Transmit the size information of the symbol data in the symbol storage area
QR Code: Select the model
QR Code: Set the size of module
QR Code: Select the error correction level
QR Code: Store the data in the symbol storage area
QR Code: Print the symbol data in the symbol storage data area
QR Code: Transmit the size information of the symbol data in the symbol storage area
MaxiCode: Select the mode
MaxiCode: Store the data in the symbol storage area
MaxiCode: Print the symbol data in the symbol storage area
MaxiCode: Transmit the size information of the symbol data in the symbol storage area
Two-dimensional GS1 DataBar: Set the width of module
Two-dimensional GS1 DataBar: Set the maximum width of GS1 DataBar Expanded Stacked
Two-dimensional GS1 DataBar: Store the data in the symbol storage area
3
Two-dimensional GS1 DataBar: Print the symbol data in the symbol storage area
Two-dimensional GS1 DataBar: Transmit the size information of the symbol data in the symbol
storage area
Composite Symbology: Set the width of module
Composite Symbology: Set the maximum width of GS1 DataBar Expanded Stacked
Composite Symbology: Select font for HRI characters
Composite Symbology: Store the data in the symbol storage area
Composite Symbology: Print the symbol data in the symbol storage area
Composite Symbology: Transmit the size information of the symbol data in the symbol storage
area
Commands for mechanical control
Select cut mode and cut paper
Commands for customization
Change into the user setting mode
53

End the user setting mode session
Set values for the memory switch
Transmit the setting of the memory switch
Set the customized setting values
Transmit the customized setting values
Set conditions for USB interface communication
Transmit conditions for USB interface communication
Write to NV user memory
Read from NV user memory
Commands for sub-functions
Initialize printer
Transmit printer ID
Set horizontal and vertical motion units
Select peripheral device
Generate pulse
Generate pulse in real-time
Execute power-off sequence
Control buzzer (optional external buzzer)
Clear buffer(s)
Enable/disable real-time command
Send real-time request to printer
Select page mode
Select standard mode
Set the process ID response
Execute test print
Select the print speed
Start/end macro definition
Execute macro
Initialize maintenance counter
Transmit maintenance counter
54

Commands for receipt enhancement
Cancel set values for top/bottom logo printing
Transmit set values for top/bottom logo printing
Set top logo printing
Set bottom logo printing
Make extended settings for top/bottom logo printing
Enable/disable top/bottom logo printing
55

Software and Manuals
The following software and manuals are provided for application development.
Printer Drivers
Software Manual
EPSON Advanced Printer Driver (APD): • APD Install Manual

In addition to ordinary Windows driver functions, this • APD TM/BA/EU Printer Manual
driver has controls specific to POS, such as controls for • APD Printer Specification
paper cut, a cash drawer, and customer display. The • Status API Manual
Status API (Epson original DLL) that monitors printer
• Devmode API/PRINTERINFO Manual
status and sends ESC/POS commands is also
• Sample Program Guide
attached to this driver.
• TM-T20 Software User’s Manual
EPSON OPOS ADK: • OPOS Installation Manual

This OCX driver can control POS peripherals using OLE • User’s Manual
technology*1. Because controlling POS peripherals • Application Development Guide
with original commands is not required on the • UnifiedPOS Retail Peripheral Architecture*2
application side, efficient system development is
• Sample Program Guide
possible.
EPSON OPOS ADK for .NET: • OPOS ADK for .NET Installation Guide
OPOS ADK for .NET allows you to develop • User's Reference (SetupPOS)
applications that are compatible with Microsoft POS • Application Development Guide
for .NET. (POSPrinter TM-T20)
When developing applications, use a separate • UnifiedPOS Retail Peripheral Architecture*2
development environment such as Microsoft Visual
Studio .NET.
EPSON JavaPOS ADK: JavaPOS ADK Installation Guide

JavaPOS is the standard specification which defines
an architecture and device interface (API) to access
various POS devices from a Java based system. Using
JavaPOS standard API allows control with Java-based
applications of functions inherent to each device. A
flexible design with Java language and JavaPOS
enables many different types of computer systems,
such as stand alone or network configuration, to use
a same application. You can use JavaPOS to build
applications and drivers independently of platforms.
This allows flexible configurations using thin clients to
meet the system requirements.
56

Software Manual
EPSON TM Virtual Port Driver: TM Virtual Port Driver User’s Manual

This driver is a Serial-USB and Parallel-USB conversion
driver to make an EPSON TM/BA/EU printer
connected via USB accessible from a POS
application through virtual COM ports and a virtual
LPT port. Without making changes in the POS
application that controls devices connected through
serial or parallel interfaces, devices connected via
USB can be directly controlled with ESC/POS
commands.
TM-T20 Mac Printer Driver: TM-T20 Mac Printer Driver User's Manual
Mac printer driver allows you to control the TM-T20
using Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) on Mac
OS X.
This is a full raster printer driver. It is able to print
images, text, and vector graphics etc., that an
application displays. With this driver many printer
controls are possible, such as paper cut timing
control, cash drawer control, printing speed control,
blank line skip, and upside-down printing. It also
provides API and dialogues for print setting, sample
applications, and logo setting utility.
3
Epson TM/BA Series Thermal Printer Driver: • Epson TM/BA Series Thermal Printer Driver
This driver allows you to control the TM-T20 using Installation Manual
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) on GNU/Linux. • Epson TM/BA Series Thermal Printer Driver
This is a full raster printer driver. It is able to print Manual
images, text, and vector graphics etc., that an • TM-T20 Thermal Printer Driver Manual
application displays. With this driver many printer
control are possible, such as paper cut timing control,
cash drawer control, printing speed control, blank
line skip, and upside-down printing.
*1: OLE technology developed by Microsoft divides software into part blocks. The OPOS driver
is presupposed to be used with a development environment such as Visual Basic, unlike
ordinary Windows drivers. It is not a driver to be used for printing from commercial
applications.
*2: This guide describes general information on how to control printers using the OPOS ADK (in
the chapter “POS Printer” and “Appendix-A”). It does not describe Epson’s specific functions.
57

Utilities
Software Manual
TM-T20 Utility: • TM-T20 Software User’s Manual

Use for the following functions: • TM-T20 Utility User’s Manual
• Checking current settings
• Operation check
• Storing logos
• Automatic paper cut settings
• Printing control settings
• Font settings
• Optional buzzer settings
• Communication I/F settings
• Backup/restore
EpsonNet Simple Viewer: EpsonNet Simple Viewer User’s Manual

Use for checking the status of EPSON printers
connected to a network and EPSON TM/BA printers
connected to computers on a network.
How to Get Drivers, Manuals, and the Utility

Drivers, manuals, and the TM-T20 Utility can be installed by the TM-T20 installer in the included
TM-T20 Software & Documents Disc.
You can also obtain them from one of the following URLs.
For customers in North America, go to the following web site:
http://www.epsonexpert.com/ and follow the on-screen instructions.
For customers in other countries, go to the following web site:
http://www.epson-pos.com/
58

Setting/Checking Modes
Besides the ordinary print mode, the printer has the following modes to set or check settings of
the printer.
• Self-test Mode
• Hexadecimal Dumping Mode (page 61)
• NV Graphics Information Print Mode (page 62)
• Receipt Enhancement Information Print Mode (page 63)
• Memory Switch Setting Mode (page 64)
Self-test Mode
In the self-test mode, the printer prints the current printer status and a rolling pattern test print
of resident characters.
The current status print includes the following information:
• Control ROM version
• Interface type
• Receive buffer size
• BUSY condition 3
• Mounted multilingual fonts
• Print density
• Maintenance counter information (head running length, number of times of autocutting)
• Memory switch settings
Starting the self-test mode

Follow the steps below to run this mode.
1 Close the roll paper cover.
2 While pressing the Feed button, turn on the printer. (Keep pressing the
Feed button until the printer starts printing.)
The printer starts printing current status of the printer.
59

When the printer finishes printing the printer status, the following message is printed and
the Paper LED flashes. (The printer is now in the self-test wait mode.):
“Select Modes by pressing Feed button.
Continue SELF-TEST: Less than 1 second
Mode Selection: 1 second or more”
3 Press the Feed button to start the test print (less than 1 second).
The printer starts test printing. (A rolling pattern is printed using only the resident
character set.)
If you select “Mode Selection,” the printer goes to "NV Graphics Information Print Mode"
(page 62), "Receipt Enhancement Information Print Mode" (page 63), or "Memory Switch
Setting Mode" (page 64).
After the test printing has finished, the printer prints the following message, and then the
printer is initialized and returned to the normal mode.
“*** completed***”
60

Hexadecimal Dumping Mode

In the hexadecimal dumping mode, the printer prints the data transmitted from a host computer
in hexadecimal numbers and their corresponding characters. It enables you to check if data is
transmitted to the printer correctly.
Starting the hexadecimal dumping mode

• If there is no character corresponding to print data, “.” is printed.

• If print data is less than one line, press the Feed button to print the line.
• Applications that confirm printer status may not work correctly during the hexadecimal
dumping mode. The printer returns only the status for “Transmit real-time status.”
1 Open the roll paper cover.
2 While pressing the Feed button, turn on the printer.

The printer starts printing data received from then on in hexadecimal numbers and their
corresponding characters. 3
Turn off the printer or press the Feed button three times to return to the normal mode.
Printing example:
Hexadecimal Dump
To terminate hexadecimal dump,
press FEED button three times.
1B 21 00 1B 26 02 40 40 1B 69 . !.!..&.@@.i
. . & . @ @ . i
1B 25 01 1B 63 34 00 1B 30 31 . %.%..c4..01
. . c 4 . . 0 1
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4A A BABCDEFGHIJ
C D E F G H I J
*** completed ***
61

NV Graphics Information Print Mode
You can confirm the following information by running the NV graphics information print mode:
• Capacity of the NV graphics
• Used capacity of the NV graphics
• Unused capacity of the NV graphics
• Number of NV graphics that are registered
• Key code, number of dots in X direction, number of dots in Y direction, number of colors to be
defined.
• NV graphics data
Starting the NV graphics information print mode

3 Press the Feed button. (Keep pressing the Feed button until the printer
starts printing.)
The printer starts printing instructions.
4 Press the Feed button once.
5 Then press the Feed button. (Keep pressing the Feed button until the
printer starts printing.)
The printer starts printing the NV graphics information.
Turn the power off and on to return to the normal mode.
62

Receipt Enhancement Information Print Mode

You can confirm the following information by running the R/E information mode:
• Automatic top logo setting
• Automatic bottom logo setting
• Extended settings for automatic top/bottom logo
Starting the R/E information print mode

3
starts printing.)
4 Press the Feed button twice.
The printer starts printing the R/E information.
Turn the power off and on to return to the normal mode.
63

Memory Switch Setting Mode
In the memory switch setting mode, you can set the following memory switches.
• Receive buffer capacity • BUSY condition

• Processing when data receive error • Auto line feed
• USB power-saving function • Release condition of receive buffer BUSY
• Roll paper width • Print density
• Print speed • Character code table default
• International character default • Number of columns
• Autocutting after closing cover • Font replacement
• Optional buzzer • Communication condition of USB interface
Starting the memory switch setting mode

starts printing.)
4 Press the Feed button three times.
64

The printer starts printing instructions for settings. Follow the instructions.
After one setting has been completed, the printer stores the setting and then starts initializ-
ing. After that, the printer returns to the normal mode.
65

66

Chapter 4 Handling
Handling
This chapter describes basic handling of the printer.
Installing and Replacing Roll Paper

• Do not open the roll paper cover during printing or autocutting.
The printer may be damaged.
CAUTION • Do not touch the manual cutter with your hands when installing or replacing the
roll paper.
Otherwise, you may be injured because the manual cutter blade is sharp.
• Use roll paper that meets the printer specification. For details about paper specification,
see "Paper Specifications" on page 24.
• Paper must not be pasted to the roll paper spool.
1 Press the cover open lever to open the roll paper cover.
Cover open lever 4
2 Remove the used roll paper core, if any.
67

3 Install the roll paper in the correct direction.
4 Pull out some roll paper, and close the roll paper cover.
When the printer power is on, the roll paper is automatically cut. (initial setting)
68

Chapter 4 Handling
Removing Jammed Paper

When a paper jam occurs, never pull out the paper forcibly. Turn off the printer power, open the
roll paper cover, and then remove the jammed paper.
Do not touch the thermal head. (See"Cleaning the Printer" on page 71.)
It can be very hot after printing.
CAUTION
When the Roll Paper Cover Cannot be Opened

When the roll paper cover cannot be opened due to jammed paper, follow the steps below to
open it.
2 Slide the cutter cover toward the front to open it.
Cutter cover
4
Indent
69

3 Turn the knob until you see a triangle in the opening.
This returns the cutter blade to the normal position.
Triangle
Knob
4 Install the cutter cover.
70

Chapter 4 Handling
Cleaning the Printer
Cleaning the Printer Case

Be sure to turn off the printer, and wipe the dirt off the printer case with a dry cloth or a damp
cloth.
Never clean the product with alcohol, benzine, thinner, or other such solvents.
Doing so may damage or break the parts made of plastic and rubber.
CAUTION
Cleaning the Thermal Head/Platen Roller

Epson recommends cleaning the thermal head periodically (generally every 3 months) to
maintain receipt print quality.
Depending on the roll paper used, paper dust may stick to the platen roller and the paper may
not be fed correctly. To remove the paper dust, clean the platen roller.
Turn off the printer, open the roll paper cover, and clean the thermal elements of the thermal
head/platen roller with a cotton swab moistened with an alcohol solvent (ethanol or IPA).
• After printing, the thermal head can be very hot. Do not touch it and let it cool
before you clean it.
CAUTION • Do not damage the thermal head by touching it with your fingers or any hard
object. 4
Platen roller
Thermal head
71

Preparing for Transport
Follow the steps below to transport the printer.
2 Disconnect the AC cable from the socket.
3 Remove the roll paper.
4 Pack the printer upright.
72

Appendix
Appendix
Specification of USB (Universal Serial Bus) Interface
Outline
• Full-speed transmission at 12 Mbps [bps: bits per second]
• Plug & Play, Hot Insertion & Removal
USB transmission specifications
USB function
Overall specifications According to USB 2.0 specifications
Transmission speed USB Full-Speed (12 Mbps)
Transmission method USB bulk transmission method
Power supply specifications USB self power supply function
Current consumed by USB bus 0 mA
USB packet size USB bulk OUT 64 bytes

(with full-speed connection)
USB bulk IN 64 bytes
Status transmission from printer with USB interface

In order to ensure that there is no lack of status data, it is necessary to periodically retrieve status
data at the host computer.
However, it cannot spontaneously interrupt data transmission to the host computer.
The printer has a 128-byte status data buffer. Statuses that exceed the buffer capacity are
canceled.
73

Character Code Tables
• The character code tables show only character configurations. They do not show the
actual print pattern.
• “SP” in the table shows a space.
Common to All Pages

When International character set (See "International Character Sets" on page 118.) is USA:
74

Appendix
Page 0 [PC437: USA, Standard Europe]
75

Page 1 (Katakana)
76

Appendix
Page 2 (PC850: Multilingual)
77

Page 3 (PC860: Portuguese)
78

Appendix
Page 4 (PC863: Canadian-French)
79

Page 5 (PC865: Nordic)
80

Appendix
Page 11 (PC851: Greek)
81

Page 12 (PC853: Turkish)
82

Appendix
Page 13 (PC857: Turkish)
83

84

Appendix
Page 15 (ISO8859-7: Greek)
85

Page 16 (WPC1252)
86

Appendix
Page 17 (PC866: Cyrillic #2)
87

Page 18 (PC852: Latin2)
88

Appendix
Page 19 (PC858: Euro)
89

Page 20 (KU42: Thai)
90

Appendix
Page 21 (TIS11: Thai)
91

Page 26 (TIS18: Thai)
92

Appendix
Page 30 (TCVN-3: Vietnamese)
93

Page 31 (TCVN-3: Vietnamese)
94

Appendix
Page 32 (PC720: Arabic)
95

Page 33 (WPC775: Baltic Rim)
96

Appendix
Page 34 (PC855: Cyrillic)
97

Page 35 (PC861: Icelandic)
98

Appendix
Page 36 (PC862: Hebrew)
99

Page 37 (PC864: Arabic)
100

Appendix
101

Page 39 (ISO8859-2: Latin2)
102

Appendix
Page 40 (ISO8859-15: Latin9)
103

Page 41 (PC1098: Farsi)
104

Appendix
Page 42 (PC1118: Lithuanian)
105

Page 43 (PC1119: Lithuanian)
106

Appendix
Page 44 (PC1125: Ukrainian)
107

Page 45 (WPC1250: Latin 2)
108

Appendix
Page 46 (WPC1251: Cyrillic)
109

Page 47 (WPC1253: Greek)
110

Appendix
Page 48 (WPC1254: Turkish)
111

Page 49 (WPC1255: Hebrew)
112

Appendix
Page 50 (WPC1256: Arabic)
113

Page 51 (WPC1257: Baltic Rim)
114

Appendix
Page 52 (WPC1258: Vietnamese)
115

Page 53 (KZ1048: Kazakhstan)
116

Appendix
Page 255 (User-Defined Page)
117

International Character Sets
ASCII code (Hex)

Country
23 24 25 2A 40 5B 5C 5D 5E 60 7B 7C 7D 7E
USA # $ % * @ [ ] ^ ` { | } ~
France # $ % * à ° ç § ^ ` é ù è ¨
Germany # $ % * § Ä Ö Ü ^ ` ä ö ü β
U.K. £ $ % * @ [ ] ^ ` { | } ~
Denmark I # $ % * @ Æ Ø Å ^ ` æ ø å ~
Sweden # ¤ % * É Ä Ö Å Ü é ä ö å ü
Italy # $ % * @ ° é ^ ù à ò è ì
Spain I Pt $ % * @ ¡ Ñ ¿ ^ ` ¨ ñ } ~
Japan
# $ % * @ [ ¥ ] ^ ` { | } ~
Norway # ¤ % * É Æ Ø Å Ü é æ ø å ü
Denmark II # $ % * É Æ Ø Å Ü é æ ø å ü
Spain II # $ % * á ¡ Ñ ¿ é ` í ñ ó ú
Latin America # $ % * á ¡ Ñ ¿ é ü í ñ ó ú
Korea
# $ % * @ [ W ] ^ ` { | } ~
Slovenia/Croatia # $ % * Ž Š Đ Ć Č ž š đ ć č
China # Ұ % * @ [ ] ^ ` { | } ~
Vietnum ₫ $ % * @ [ ] ^ ` { | } ~
Arabia # $ % * @ [ ] ^ ` { | } ~
118

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Technical Reference Guide

Application Development Information

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ESC/POS® Command System

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You must follow warnings carefully to avoid serious bodily injury.

Provides information that must be observed to avoid damage to your equipment or a

Provides important information and useful tips.

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Aim of the Manual

Chapter 3 Application Development Information

Appendix Specification of USB (Universal Serial Bus) Interface

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Product Overview ........................................................................11

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Application Development Information......................................49

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Cover open lever

Power switch cover (2) Manual cutter

Power switch (1)

2 Power Switch Cover

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(Power) LED (1)

Error LED (2)

Paper LED (3)

Feed button (4)

2 Error LED (orange)

3 Paper LED (orange)

Enabling/disabling of Feed button can be selected by a command. If the command is set to

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Drawer kick-out connector

Do not turn on the printer before installing the printer driver.

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Automatically Recoverable Errors

Error Error description Error LED flashing pattern Recovery measure

Print head A high temperature LED ON

Error Error description Error LED flashing pattern Recovery measure

Autocutter Autocutter does LED ON Remove the jammed

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Turn off the power immediately when an unrecoverable error occurs.

Error Error description Error LED flashing pattern

Memory R/W error After R/W checking, the printer

High voltage error The power supply voltage is

Low voltage error The power supply voltage is

CPU execution error The CPU is executing an

Internal circuit Internal circuits are not

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NV Memory (Non-Volatile Memory)

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Printing direction Unidirectional with friction feed

Interface USB [USB 2.0, Full-speed (12 Mbps)]