PHILOSOPHY

MICHAEL ANDRADA
GRADE 12 DA VINCI
WEEK 3

TOPIC OUTLINE  It happens when two pesons truly

acknowledge each other’s presence and
INTERSUBJECTIVITY
I. Intersubjectivity treat each other as equals.
II. Subjective vs Objective  Martin Buber ‒ an Austrian-born Israeli
III. Social vs Interhuman Jewish philosopher; he was known for
his philosophy of dialogue
IV. What is a dialogue?
V. I-It vs I-Thou Relationship I-IT VS I-THOU RELATIONSHIP
VI. Obstacles to Dialogue
VII. The Art of Loving I-It Relationship (Ich~Es)
VIII. How do people address loneliness?  An individual treats other things, people,
IX. The nature of Love etc., as objects to be used and
experienced.
X. Essential characteristics of Love
 I-It is the encounter wherein we relate
 Intersubjectivity is the condition of man, a to each other as objects, completely
subject, among other men, who are also outside of ourselves.
subjects.
 This form of objectivity relates to the world
 Originally coined by philosopher Edmund in terms of the self ‒ how an object can
Husserl (1859-1938). He defined it as the serve the individual’s interest.
interchange of thoughts and feelings,
 It is a relationship with one’s self ‒ a
both conscious and unconscious between
monologue.
two persons as facilitated by empathy.
I-Thou Relationship (Ich-Du)
 It also refers to the shared awareness and
understanding among pesons.  It refers to the world of encounters and
relationships where there are persons.
 It is made possible by the awareness of the
self and the other.  In the I-Thou encounter, we relate to
each other as authentic beings ‒ I meet
SUBJECTIVE VS OBJECTIVE you as you are, and you meet me as
who I am.
 Subjective - opinionated; with regards to
one’s self  In the I-Thou relationship, what is key is
how I am with you in my own heart
 Subjective knowledge may designate and mind.
unsupported or weakly supported
knowledge-claim.  It is a concrete encounter without any
qualification or objectification of one
 Objective - occurs when there is a meeting another.
of the mind.
 It is a dialogue.
 Objective knowledge can designate a
knowledge-claim having, roughly, the I. Seeming is contrasted with Being
status of being fully supported or OBSTACLES TO DIALOGUE
proven.
 Seeming (Artificial Self) is defined as the
SOCIAL VS INTERHUMAN away of approaching other poeple governed
by the image one desires to impress on
 Social refers to the life of a group bound the other.
together by common experiences and
reactions.  It involves deliberately playing up or
hiding aspects of yourself to appear
 Interhuman refers to the life between and more desirable or impressive.
among persons; it refers to the
interpersonal, that is, a life of dialogue.  It is the act of doing things to impress
others; most often a positive act with
pretense.

WHAT IS A DIALOGUE?
 Dialogue is a deep and genuine
relationship between persons.
 Being (Natural Self) proceeds not from an
image, but from what one really is.

TCSHS BATCH ’21 (12-Da Vinci) P a g e |1

 PHILOSOPHY
MICHAEL ANDRADA
GRADE 12 DA VINCI
WEEK 3

 It is an acceptance of the other in the  Involves seeing the other as a unique

way that is also an acceptance of the THE ART OF LOVING (FROMM, 1956)
self as it is.
singular individual capable of freely
 Occurs when a person is being true to actualizing himself/herself.
themselves and others; it is a mixture
of positive and negative traits
brought upon by honesty.  Erich Fromm, a German social
psychologist, psychoanalyst, and
philosopher examines The Art of Loving.
II. Speechifying is contrasted with personal
making present  A case for love as a skill to be honed by
the way artists apprentice themselves to
 Speechifying (Hear) refers to one’s talking
work on the way to mastery; demanding
past another.
its practitioner of both knowledge and
 It is hearing without listening to what effort. Fromm stated the following in his
a person says. book:
 An encounter wherein there is a wall  We give importance to being loved
between a conversation; the people than to loving.
involved pass through one another.
 People think that to love is easy
 Personal making present is the process of and that it is difficult to find the
fully opening one’s self to the other. right person to love or be loved by.
 I become aware of him, that he is HOW DO WE ADDRESS LONELINESS?
different from me, unique.
 We confuse the initial falling-in-
love with the permanent state of
TENDENCIES THAT MAKE DIALOGUE AND being-in-love.
PERSONAL MAKING PRESENT DIFFICULT
1. Analytical Thinking - when we break Loneliness is one of the most basic experience
person into parts. of human beings because of self-awareness.
2. Reductive Thinking - when we  It is defined as a phenomenon
reduce the richness of a person to a that belongs to life and
schema, a structure, and/or a concept. existence; it is something we all
3. Derivational Thinking - when we recognize.
derive the person from a mixed formula;
a combination of analytical and reductive
thinking. WAYS BY WHICH PEOPLE CAN
ADDRESS LONELINESS
1. Escapism
III. Imposition is contrasted with unfolding
 Use of drugs, rituals, sex and
 Imposition constitutes holding one’s own alcohol to find one’s self.
opinion, values, attitudes, and one’s self
without regard for those of another. 2. Conformity with groups

 It is the act of telling other people how  Joining groups, organizations,

he or she should act, behave, and clubs or fraternities.
respond. 3. Creative and productive work or
 It is the interaction between persons, activity
wherein they influence one another.  Planning, producing, and seeing
 The act of dictating my opinions on the result of a hobby, passtime or
the other. passion.

THE NATURE OF LOVE

 Unfolding constitutes finding in the other

the disposition toward what one recognizes
as true, good, and beautiful.

TCSHS BATCH ’21 (12-Da Vinci) P a g e |2

 PHILOSOPHY
MICHAEL ANDRADA
GRADE 12 DA VINCI
WEEK 3

“Love is composed of a single soul inhabiting two  Storge is the love found in families;
bodies.” Aristotle the love of parent for child, and child for
parent.
 Philosophy implies that love has a “nature.”  This is the fondness or affection
for someone that grows through
 In English, the word “love” is derived from
shared values or experiences, in
Germanic forms of Sanskrit lubh (desire), is
other words, familiarity.
broadly defined and hence imprecise; this is
resolved by the reference to Greek terms:  It occurs naturally.
eros, philia, and agape.
ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISITICS OF LOVE

EROS
 Eros is affectionate love that tends to be 1. Love is historical
possessive and intimate.  Because the other is a concrete
 It is also used to refer to that part of particular person with his/her own
love that consistutes a passionate and history.
intense desire for something. 2. Love is total
 Often referred to as sexual love, hence the  Because persons are indivisible.
modern notion of “erotic” 3. Love is eternal
 In Plato’s writings, eros is held to be a  Because love is not given only for
common desire that seeks a limited period of time.
transcendental beauty.
4. Love is sacred
 Eros is limited, conditioned, and pre-
eminently calculating.  Because in love, persons are
valuable in themselves.

PHILIA
 Philia is about special friendships; where
people share intimacy and equality with
trust and respect for each other.
 Entails a fondness and appreciation
for the other.
 For Greeks the term philia is incorporated
to loyalty to family.
 Philia could not emanate from those who
are quarrelsome, unjust, and so on.

AGAPE
 Agape is a non-possessive love and
concern for the well being of others. It is a
selfless love for humanity and the will of
the self in ‘devotion to neighbor’.
 It refers to the paternal love of God for
man, and man for God, but is
extended to include a brotherly love
for all humanity.
 Agape draws elements from both eros
and philia in that it seeks a perfect kind of
love that is at once a fondness,
transcending of the particular, and a passion
without the necessity of reciprocity.
STORGE

TCSHS BATCH ’21 (12-Da Vinci) P a g e |3