ILP Note On Obtrusive Lighting
ILP Note On Obtrusive Lighting
ILP Note On Obtrusive Lighting
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The copyright of the data detailed within this guide belongs to CIE, email ciecb@cie.co.at
This document should be used in conjunction with CIE 150:2017 and CIE 126:1997 and not as
a replacement for the procedures contained therein.
These documents can be obtained from https://www.techstreet.com/cie/pages/home and
members of a National Committee of the CIE can purchase them with a discount of 66.7%.
Website: www.theilp.org.uk
This guidance note has been revised to Sky glow, the brightening of the night sky,
reflect the changes in international glare the uncomfortable brightness of a
guidance regarding obtrusive light as light source when viewed against a darker
detailed in CIE 150:2017 Guide on the background, light spill the spilling of light
limitation of the effects of obtrusive light beyond the boundary of the area being lit
from outdoor lighting installations.1 It also and light intrusion (“nuisance”)2 are all
considers industry comment regarding the forms of obtrusive light which may cause
assessment and definition of obtrusive nuisance to others, or adversely affect
lighting. fauna and flora as well as waste money
and energy.
Good lighting practice is the provision of
the right light, at the right time, in the
right place, controlled by the right system.
Humanity's invention of artificial light and Considerations to be
its application in the external environment
has done much to safeguard and enhance
made
our night-time environment but, if not Think before you light. Is it necessary?
properly controlled, obtrusive light What effect could it have on others? Has it
(sometimes referred to as light pollution) the potential to cause a nuisance? How
can present serious physiological and can you mitigate and manage any
ecological problems. potential adverse effects from your
lighting installation?
Obtrusive light – whether it keeps you
awake through a bedroom window, There are published standards and
impedes your view of the night sky or guidance for most lighting tasks,
advisedly affects the performance of an adherence to which will help mitigate
adjacent lighting installation – is a form of obtrusive lighting aspects. Organisations
pollution, which may also be a nuisance in from which full details of these standards
law and which can be substantially can be obtained are given later in this
mitigated without detriment to the lighting Guidance Note.
requirements of the task.
Spill light
Task
light
Light
reflected Viewed source intrustion
Back rd intensity
lig
a
light
Upw
ht
Area to be lit
1 The copyright of the data detailed within this guide belongs to CIE, email ciecb@cie.co.at
This document should be used in conjunction with CIE 150:2017 and CIE 126:1997 and not as a replacement for the
procedures contained therein.
These documents can be obtained from https://www.techstreet.com/cie/pages/home and members of a National
Committee of the CIE can purchase them with a discount of 66.7%.
2 The term light trespass is sometimes used, but trespass is to physically encroach on land and light can’t do that, so
the term nuisance should always be used.
For the purpose of this Guidance Note the Most night-time visual tasks are only
following two Commission Internationale dependent on light radiated within the
De L’Eclairage (CIE) documents are visual spectrum. It is therefore not
specifically referenced; they provide necessary for light sources to emit either
guidance to the mitigation of obtrusive ultra-violet or infra-red radiation unless
light from exterior lighting installations: specifically required to do so. The majority
• CIE 150:2017 Guide on the limitation of of light sources used in external lighting
the effects of obtrusive light from do not contain these wavelengths or where
outdoor lighting installations; they are present their spectral power is
• CIE 126-1997 Guidelines for minimizing very low.
sky glow
Research indicates that light from the blue
When considering any lighting installation end of the spectrum could have important
these two documents should be adverse effects on fauna and flora. The
referenced. lighting designer should consider the blue
light spectral power of the light source and
Whilst this Guidance Note specifically
try to balance the needs of the task to be
considers the effects from external lighting
lit with any impact on fauna and flora
installations, the considerations within it
within the environment.
can be relevant when considering modern
office blocks and shop fronts where the
main external facing structure is
transparent and light from within the Luminaires
buildings could become a source of
illumination to the exterior environment. The choice of luminaire with the right
optical distribution at the right mounting
“Good Design Equals Good Lighting” height is critical to minimising light spill
It cannot be stressed sufficiently that and obtrusive light effects while providing
employing a competent lighting designer the right lighting performance on the task
with proven experience in the lighting area.
application being considered will provide a Sky glow is the general diffuse sheen that
suitable lighting installation where all is visible in the direction of large cities,
obtrusive lighting aspects are mitigated3. airports, and industrial complexes. It
Any lighting scheme consists of three basic occurs from both natural and artificial light
elements: a light source, a luminaire sources and does not depend exclusively
(incorporating the optical control system) on the lighting design. It also depends on
and a method of installation/mounting. the atmospheric conditions (humidity,
aerosols, clouds, haze, atmospheric
pollution, etc). Light propagating into the
atmosphere either directly from upward
Light sources directed or incompletely shielded sources,
or after reflection from the ground or
(lamps/LEDs) other surfaces, is partially scattered back
Remember that the light source output in towards observers on the ground; the
lumens is not the same as the wattage impact being shown in Table 1.
and that it is the former that is important It is therefore important to consider the
in combating the problems of obtrusive luminaire, its light distribution, how it is
light. installed, and how it is set up.
For most general sports and area lighting
installations the use of luminaires with
3 Competency can be determined through membership asymmetric optics designed so that the
of a professional lighting body supported by the
appropriate qualifications and experience in the
front glazing is kept at or near parallel to
application of lighting required.
Table 1: The effect on the ability to view the night sky at various
angles
100–180°
Angle of light Sky glow effect Glare effect
95–100° emitted (degrees)
90–95° 100 – 180 Local Little
85–90°
95 – 100 Significant Some
0–85°
90 – 95 High High
85 – 90 Significant High
Installation
In most cases it will be beneficial to use as
high a mounting height as possible, giving
due regard to the daytime appearance of
the installation. Figure 2a: Higher mounting height – less
spill light and glare
It should be noted that a lower mounting
height is perhaps not better as can be Use of wider beam floodlight
seen from Figures 2a and 2b from CIE may be necessary
Higher
150. A lower mounting height can create a aiming
higher level of light spill and require necessary
additional lighting points. α
✗ ✓ ✓✓
<70°
70°
✗ ✓ ✓
Notes:
1. Where an area to be lit lies on the boundary of two zones the obtrusive light
limitation values used should be those applicable to the most rigorous zone.
2. Rural zones under protected designations should use a higher standard of policy.
3. Zone E0 must always be surrounded by an E1 Zone.
4. Zoning should be agreed with the local planning authority and due to local
requirements a more stringent zone classification may be applied to protect
special/specific areas.
5. SQM (Sky Quality Measurements) referenced by the International Dark-Sky
Association (IDA), the criteria for E0 being revised in mid 2019 but not retrospective.
6. Astronomical observable dark skies will offer clearer views of the Milky Way and of
other objects such as the Andromeda galaxy and the Orion Nebula.
7. Although values of SQM 20 to 20.5 may not offer clear views of astronomical dark sky
objects such as the Milky Way, these skies will have their own relative intrinsic value
in the UK.
Note:
* If the installation is for public (road) lighting then this may be up to 1 lx.
Table 4 (CIE 150 table 3 (amended)): Limits for the luminous intensity of bright
luminaires4.
Maximum E0
luminous Pre-curfew 0 0 0 0 0 0
intensity Post-curfew 0 0 0 0 0 0
emitted by
luminaire E1
(I in cd) Pre-curfew 0.29 d 0.63 d 1.3 d 2.5 d 5.1 d 2,500
Post-curfew 0 0 0 0 0 0
E2
Pre-curfew 0.57 d 1.3 d 2.5 d 5.0 d 10 d 7,500
Post-curfew 0.29 d 0.63 d 1.3 d 2.5 d 5.1 d 500
E3
Pre-curfew 0.86 d 1.9 d 3.8 d 7.5 d 15 d 10.000
Post-curfew 0.29 d 0.63 d 1.3 d 2.5 d 5.1 d 1,000
E4
Pre-curfew 1.4 d 3.1 d 6.3 d 13 d 26 d 25,000
Post-curfew 0.29 d 0.63 d 1.3 d 2.5 d 5.1 d 2,500
Notes:
1. d is the distance between the observer and the glare source in metres;
2. A luminous intensity of 0 cd can only be realised by a luminaire with a complete cut-
off in the designated directions;
3. Ap is the apparent surface of the light source seen from the observer position
4. For further information refer to Annex C of CIE 150
5. Upper limits for each zone shall be taken as those with column Ap>0.5
Limitations of the effect of over- such lighting does not cause negative
lit building façades and signs impacts such as a continuous increase in
the lighting levels (ratcheting) between
Table 8 provides recommendations buildings and within areas and light
regarding luminance values that provide pollution.
visibility in order that a balanced urban
lighting master plan can be considered and Illuminated advertising signage should be
assessed as advised in the ILP’s
4 Amended based upon the approach taken by NSVV
Nederlandse Stichting Voor Verlichtingskunde (Dutch: Professional Lighting Guide The brightness
Dutch Foundation for Illumination; The Netherlands) of illuminated advertisements, (PLG 05)
and to consider CIE 150 Annex C Table C.2
Table 5 (CIE 150 table 4): Maximum values of threshold increment and viewing
direction in the path of travel.
Notes:
* Road classifications as given in CIE 115:2010
† The veiling luminance values specified in this table are based upon on a permissible TI
value of 15%
Definitions:
TI The measure of disability glare (the reduction in visibility caused by intense light
sources in the field of view) expressed as the percentage increase in contrast required
between an object and its background for it to be seen equally well with a source of
glare present. Note: Higher values of TI correspond to greater disability glare.
Lv The luminance that would need to be superimposed on a scene in object space to
reduce the scene’s contrast by an amount equal to the added retinal illuminance from
scattered light on the scene’s retinal image. It is most commonly used to describe the
contrast-reducing effect of a glare source in the field of view.
Table 6 (CIE 150 table 5): Maximum values of upward light ratio (ULR) of
luminaires.
Note:
This does not take into account the effect of light reflected upwards from ground that
also contributes to sky glow. This is the traditional method to limit sky glow and is
suitable to compare different single luminaires.
Table 7 (CIE 150 table 6): Maximum values of upward flux ratio of installation
(of four or more luminaires).
Notes:
Table 7 allows the effect of both direct and reflected upward components of a whole
installation to be taken into account. The factor being the upward flux ratio (UFR) and
CIE 150 suggests that table 7 is used for all installations consisting of four or more
luminaires.
Clauses 6.4.2 and 6.4.3 of CIE 150:2017 describe the calculation methods for both ULP
and UFR.
Light emitted just above the horizontal in a zone between 90o and 110o is extra critical
for sky glow in large open areas around observatories. An additional measure in these
areas limits the luminous intensities (I90 – I110) as follows:
• between 90° and 100° < 0.5 cd/1000lm;
• between 100° and 110° 0 cd.
Table 8 (CIE 150 table 7): Maximum permitted values of average surface
luminance (cd/m2).
Note:
The values apply to both pre- and post-curfew, except that in zones 0 and 1 the values
shall be zero post curfew. The values for signs do not apply to signs for traffic control
purposes.
Appendix 1
Outdoor luminaire classification system
Based upon CIE 150:2017 and for the purpose of this and associated documents the
following figures illustrate the luminaire classification (CIE 150:2017)
Appendix 2
Illustrations of luminaire
accessories for limiting obtrusive
light