Name of the Faculty Member : Mr. Siddalingappa P K & Mrs.T.

Sreelakshmi
Department: Aeronautical Engineering
Subject Name and Sub Code: Aerodynamics 2 (21AE51)
Academic year: 2023-24
CO-
BLOO
Sl. Ma PO-
CATEGORY M’s
No Questions rks Mapp
Level
ing

SEMESTER END UNIT-1 to UNIT-V

EXAMINATION
CATEGORY-A: SEMESTER END EXAMINATION
UNIT-I
Q. Question
No.
Elucidate the following: i) Downwash; ii) Drag 05 2 1
1 induction
Prove that geometrical AOA is equal to sum of the effective 15 3 1
AOA and induced AOA using Prandtl’s lifting line theory.
2
Hence obtain the expressions for CL and CDi in terms of
circulation.
Summarize the following: 08 2 1
3 i) Vortex filament
ii) Biot-savart law and
iii) Induced drag.
Elucidate the way through which the aspect ratio influence the 06 2 1
4
drag and lift coefficients of an aircraft.
Derive the relation between the lift-curve slope of an infinite 06 3 1
5
wing and finite wing.
Derive the equation for velocity induced at P by infinite vortex 05 3 1
6
filament in flow using Biot-savart law.
Derive the equation for velocity induced at P by semi-infinite 05 3 1
7
vortex filament in flow using Biot-savart law.
Derive the expressions for lift coefficient and induced drag 15 3 1
8 coefficient in terms of circulation strength for a finite wing
using Prandtl's classical lifting line theory.
Consider a finite wing with an aspect ratio of 8, and a taper 06 4 1
ratio of 0.8. The airfoil section is thin and symmetric.
9
Calculate the lift and induced drag coefficient for the wing
when it is at an angle of attack of 5 deg.
Derive the equation for S’ using simplified horseshoe vortex 3 1
10 08
model method.
Analyze the impacts on the formation flight behavior of an 2 1
11 06
aircraft using a simple harmonic model.
Derive the equation for down influence of downwash on tail 3 1
12 06
plane
13 Elucidate the Ground effects using SHM. 06 2 1
14 Derive the equation for downwash induced on tail plane. 06 3 1
 Consider a rectangular wing with an aspect ratio of 6, an 4 1
induced drag factor is 0.055, and a zero-lift angle of attack of -
2deg. At an angle of attack of 3.4deg, the induced drag
coefficient for this wing is 0.01. Calculate the induced drag
15 06
coefficient for a similar wing at the same AOA, but with an
aspect ratio of 10. Assume that the induced factors for Drag
and the lift slope, δ and τ respectively, are equal to each other.
Also, for AR=10, δ=0.105
The measured lift slope for the NACA23012 airfoil is 08 4 1
0.1080inverse degree, AOA (l=0) is -1.3. Consider a finite
16 wing using this airfoil, with AR=8 and taper ratio=0.8.
Assume that δ= τ. Calculate the lift and induced drag
coefficients for this wing at a geometric AOA is 7 degree.
Elucidate the following: i) Formation flight effects; ii) ground 2
17 07 1
effects
18 State the Helmholtz vortex theorem. 02 2 1
19 Summarize the downwash and induced drag 02 2 1
20 State the Biot-Savart law. 02 2 1
21 Summarize the horseshoe vortex theory 02 2 1
Derive the induced angle of attack and induced drag 08 3 1
22
coefficient using the elliptical lift distribution method.
UNIT-II
Derive the expression for linearized velocity potential 3
1 12 2
equation and discuss boundary conditions.
Derive the governing equations for Normal shock in 3
2 08 2
steady, adiabatic and inviscid flow.
3 Derive the Prandtl-Meyer equation for expansion waves. 07 3 2
4 Explain the Prandtl-Glauert compressibility corrections. 07 2 2
Derive the expression for linearized pressure coefficient. 3
5 08 2
6 Derive the expression for Full velocity potential equation 12 3 2
Derive the governing equations for Oblique shock in steady, 3
7 10 2
adiabatic, and inviscid flow.
8 Write a note on Expansion fan. 06 3 2
Problems
Relate the velocity and velocity potential

UNIT-III
Explain the concept of critical Mach number and hence 08 2 3
1 derive an expression for the critical pressure co-efficient
in terms of critical Mach number.
Illustrate the relationship between Drag Divergence Mach 05 3 3
2
Number and the concept of sound barrier using a graph.
3 At a given point on the surface of an airfoil, the pressure 05 4 3
coefficient is 0.3 at very low speeds. If the free stream velocity
is 300 m/sec at standard sea level conditions, calculate the
pressure coefficient at the same point at this speed.
 Summarize the procedures used for determining an airfoil's 10 2 3
4
critical Mach number.
The critical Mach number for an airfoil is 0.65. Find the 04 4 3
5
critical pressure coefficient (Assume r = 1.4).
Write brief note on the following: 12 2 3
i) Transonic - area - Rule.
6
ii) Supercritical airfoil.
iii) Drag divergence Mach number.
7 Discuss the concept of swept wings in detail. 07 2 3
Explain the characteristics of a supercritical airfoil with neat 2 3
8 07
sketch and graph.
9 Explain subsonic and supersonic leading edges. 06 2 3
Write a note on applications of swept wing in civil and 2 3
10 06
military aircrafts
What is the effect of sweep angle on L/D ratio? Explain with 2 3
11 06
relevant graph.
“By sweeping the wings of subsonic aircraft, we delay drag
divergence to higher Mach numbers”. Justify
UNIT-IV
Describe the procedure to obtain the pressure coefficient 10 3 4
1 at the ith control point of the source panel of non-lifting
over arbitrary bodies.
Derive the expression for total surface velocity induced at ith 10 3 4
2
control panel using vortex panel method.
What do you understand by source panel, explain using neat 06 2 4
3
sketches.
What do you understand by Vortex panel, explain using neat 06 2 4
4
sketches.
List the differences between source panel method and vortex 08 2 4
5
panel method
What do you understand by high lift devices, given the 2
6 classification and explain with neat sketches. 10 4

Explain the effects of using the high lift devices on CL and CD, 2
7 10 4
with relevant graphs
What are high lift devices? list them and explain their 2
8 12 4
aerodynamic characteristics with relevant graphs.
UNIT-V
Derive the N-S equation for an unsteady, compressible, 3
1 2D and viscous flow. 12 5

Derive Blasius Equation for incompressible flow over flat 3

2 08 5
plate.
Explain transition from laminar flow to turbulent flow. 2
3 10 5
Discuss parameters.
4 Derive the fundamental equations for boundary layer for 10 3 5
steady, 2D, viscous and compressible flow.
 Obtain the solution for incompressible, laminar flow over a 3
5 flat plate. 10 5

6 Derive boundary layer approximations 10 3 5

Obtain the solution for incompressible, turbulent flow over a 3
7 05 5
flat plate.
B INTERNAL UNIT-I to UNIT-V
ASSESSMENT UNIT-I
EXAMS Briefly explain the following: 06 2 1
i) Vortex filament
1
ii) Biot-savart law and
iii) Induced drag.
06 3 1

2 Derive this expression

using Prandtl Lifting line theory.

Explain the simplified horseshoe vortex model and hence 04 3 1
3
derive equation for S’
06 3 1
Derive the Induced drag coefficient is given by
4
, utilizing the concept of elliptical lift
distribution.
Explain the influence of downwash on tail plane and derive 04 3 1
5. the equation for downwash induced on tail plane.

Consider a finite wing with an aspect ratio of 8, and a taper 04 3 1

ratio of 0.8. The airfoil section is thin and symmetric.
6 Calculate the lift and induced drag coefficient for the wing
when it is at an angle of attack of 5 deg.

UNIT-II
Derive a Full velocity potential equation for a two- 06 3 2
1
dimensional, steady, irrotational, isentropic flow.
Derive the linearized velocity potential equation for Subsonic 04 3 2

2 flow

.
Derive the linearized pressure coefficient and establish the 10 3 2
3
boundary conditions for the linearized velocity potential.
4 Explain Formation flight effects using SHM. 05 2 2

UNIT-III
1
2
 3

4 Explain Munk’s slender body theory. 10 2 3

Describe the subsonic flow past an axially symmetric body of 3
5 10 3
revolution with the relevant sketches.
Briefly explain with relevant sketches the types of small 3
6 08 3
perturbation flows in slender body theory.

UNIT-IV
What are the effects of using the high lift devices on CL and 2
1 10 4
CD, explain with relevant graphs
2 Discuss the concept of swept wings in detail. 05 2 4
Explain the effects of using the high lift devices on CL and CD, 2
3 10 4
with relevant graphs
UNIT-V
Derive the N-S equation for an unsteady, compressible, 2D 3
1 15 2
and viscous flow.
Discuss the Incompressible flow over a flat plate and hence 3
2 15 2
derive the Blasius equation.
Explain the Transition from laminar flow to Turbulent flow 2
3 08 2
and discuss the parameters which influence this transition.
Derive the expressions for Displacement thickness and 3
4 07 2
Momentum thickness.

C QUIZ NO
QUESTIONS T
AP
PLI
CA
BL
E
D SURPRISE 1. Define the term downwash. 1 1 1
TEST 2 Define Induced drag. 1 1 1
QUESTIONS 3 The equation for velocity induced at any point P in the flow by 1 1 1
the infinite vortex filament is___________________
4 The principle of Prandtl’s classical lifting line theory is 1 1 1
…………………
5. The magnitude of the velocity induced by the bound vortex in 1 1 2
the finite wing is……………………
6. The relationship between the induced AOA and lift is given by 1 1 2
the equation ………………….
7. The downwash distribution is constant over the span of a wing 1 1 1
for an elliptical lift distribution
a) YES b) NO
 8. According to Helholtz’s vortex theorem, the strength of a 1 1 2
vortex filament is constant along its length.
a) YES b) NO
9. The fundamental principle for Kutta-Joukowski theorem 1 1 2
___________________
10. Method to obtain the solution for non-lifting flow over an 1 1 2
object is ___________
11. Horse shoe vortex is the combination of 1 1 3
a) 2 bound vortices and 1 Trailing edge vortex
b) 1 bound vortex and 1 Trailing edge vortex
c) 1 bound vortex and 2 Trailing edge vortices
12. Power required to fly wen aircrafts are flying in formation is 1 1 3
more compare to individual flight.
a) Yes b) No
13. Strength over the length of SHV is constant 1 1 3
a) Yes b) No
14. the net effect of followers on leader when aircrafts are flying 1 1 3
in formation
a) Upwash b) Downwash
15 Span of SHV (S’) is equal to __________ times of Span of 1 1 3
wing (S)
a) π b) π/2 c) π/4
16 Define viscous flow 1 1 4
17 Define Boundary layer 1 1 4
18 Consider a boundary layer on flat plate; the velocity profile is 1 1 4
different for different locations on flat plate.
a) Yes b) No
19 Blasius equation is the solution for Laminar and 1 1 4
incompressible flow over a flat plate.
a) Yes b) No
20 On surface velocity of the flow is zero because of no-slip 1 1 4
condition
a) Yes b) No

E WORKSHOPS/ NO
LABORATOR T
Y TEST AP
QUESTIONS PLI
CA
BL
E
F SUPPLEMENT NO
ARY EXAM T
QUESTIONS AP
PLI
CA
BL
E
G ADDITIONAL ASSIGNMENT TEST
TESTS
1. Write about Basics of speed of sound 2 2
2. Explain Mach waves 2 2
3. Derive expression for Normal shock waves 3 2
4. Explain Oblique shock waves 2 2
5. Explain Expansion fan 2
6. Explain the aspects of transition to turbulence 2 4
7. Derive expressions turbulent boundary layer properties over a 3 4
flat plate at low speeds.

H ANY OTHER UNI

QUESTIONS T-I
to
UNI
T-V

Explain Munk’s slender body theory. 10 2 3

Describe the subsonic flow past an axially symmetric body of revolution with the 3
10 3
relevant sketches.
Briefly explain with relevant sketches the type of small perturbation flows in slender 2 3
08
body theory.