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Troubleshooting
966M XE and 972M XE Wheel Loaders
Media Number -UENR3826-05 Publication Date -01/02/2018 Date Updated -06/02/2018

i05731392

Steering Control Force - Test

SMCS - 4343-038

Implement ECM
The following is a list of Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) that are associated with the steering
control force circuits of the machine.

Table 1
Implement ECM (MID 82)
System
DTC Code Description
Response
Steering Control force Motor Enable Output : Voltage Above
2865-3
Normal
Steering Control force Motor Enable Output : Current Below
2865-5
Normal
Steering Control force Motor Enable Output : Current Above
2865-6
Normal

Possible causes for an FMI 3 Diagnostic code are:

• The ECM has detected that a voltage is present in the enable circuit when no voltage should
be present. The feedback motor enable circuit is shorted to another voltage source.

• There is an internal short in the Steering and Transmission Control (Left Steering Joystick)
base.

Possible causes for an FMI 5 Diagnostic code are:

• The enable circuit is open or contains a poor connection.

• The ground circuit is open or contains a poor connection.

• There is an internal problem in the joystick base.

• The ECM has failed. A failure of the ECM is unlikely.

Possible causes for an FMI 6 Diagnostic code are:

• The enable circuit is shorted to a ground source.

• There is an internal problem in the joystick base.

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• The ECM has failed. A failure of the ECM is unlikely.

Operational Information:

At initial machine start, after the required condition are met, the Implement ECM will turn ON the
enable output. When the internal electronics in the joystick base detect the energized enable
circuit, joystick operation will begin.

During machine operation, the Implement ECM sends a PWM command signal that ranges
between 10 percent and 90 percent to the electronics in the Steering and Transmission Control
(Left Steering Joystick) base. The internal electronics in the base of the joystick interpret the duty
cycle of the command circuit and supply a corresponding amount of current to the torque feedback
motor.

The internal electronics in the base of the joystick also supply a PWM torque feedback signal to
the Implement ECM. The acceptable duty cycle range of the feedback circuit is also 10 percent to
90 percent. During normal operation, the PWM duty cycle of the feedback circuit is expected to be
close to the duty cycle of the command circuit.

The ECM will use the Force Feedback Motor Torque Sensor duty cycle signal to verify that the
correct amount of current is being supplied to the torque motor.

During normal operation when no diagnostic codes for the steering joystick are active and the
joystick is stationary, the PWM duty cycles of the torque command signal and the torque sensor
circuit will be approximately 50 percent duty cycle, however, the torque sensor feedback duty
cycle can differ from the command circuit duty cycle by 25 percent. If the signals differ by more
than 25 percent, the ECM will activate a CID 2866 FMI 14 diagnostic code.

The PWM torque command signal from the ECM and the PWM torque sensor feedback signal to
the ECM are difficult to measure. When a torque motor diagnostic code or a position sensor
diagnostic code is active, the torque motor is disabled and the duty cycles cannot be measured. To
measure the signals during normal operation, insert spoon type probes spoon into the appropriate
circuit and the ground circuit. When the primary steering is enabled, the duty cycles of both
circuits should be in the 10 to 90 percent range .

Note: The diagram above is a simplified schematic of the ECM relay connections. The schematic
is electrically correct, however, not all of the possible harness connectors are shown. Refer to the
latest revision of the Electrical Schematic, UENR3832 for the complete schematic.
View Image

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Illustration 1 g03595240
Schematic of the Steering Control Force circuits

Note: The diagram above is a simplified schematic of the connections for the steering control
circuits. The schematic is electrically correct. However, not all of the possible harness connectors
are shown. Refer to the latest revision of the Electrical Schematic, UENR3832 for the complete
schematic.

Diagnostic Trouble Code Procedure

Note: Prior to beginning this procedure, inspect the harness connectors that are involved in this
circuit. Poor connections can often be the cause of a problem in an electrical circuit. Verify that all
connections in the circuit are clean, secure, and in good condition. If a problem with a connection
is found, correct the problem and verify that the diagnostic code is active before performing a
troubleshooting procedure. For sensors powered via the fuse panel, check the condition of the
appropriate fuse before beginning the troubleshooting procedure.

Note: The following test procedure may create other diagnostic codes. Ignore these created
diagnostic codes and clear these diagnostic codes when the original diagnostic code has been
corrected. Ensure that the diagnostic code, listed in the table above, is active before performing
this procedure.

Table 2
Troubleshooting Test Steps Values Results
1. Identify The Active DTC FMI 3 diagnostic code, proceed to
Code Associated With Switch Code present. Test Step 2.
Circuit
FMI 5 diagnostic code, proceed to
Test Step 4.

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FMI 6 diagnostic code, proceed to

Test Step 6.
Begin Process For FMI 3 Troubleshooting HERE
OK - A voltage measurement is
greater than 3.0 VDC. The
2. Check The Energize Circuit measurement indicates that the
For A Short enable circuit is shorted to another
voltage circuit in the machine
A. Turn key start switch and harness.
disconnect switch OFF.
Repair: The amount of voltage
B. Access the connectors for the that is measured may provide an
left joystick. Disconnect the indication of which circuit is
harness connector from the shorted to the enable circuit. The
joystick P-C3 connector that circuit will either be an ECM
contains the enable circuit (wire power supply circuit or a control
X993-WH(White)). system power circuit.
A measured voltage is
C. Turn the disconnect switch Determine which circuit is causing
greater than 3.0 VDC.
and the key start switch to the ON the short. Repair the machine
position. harness or replace the machine
harness
D. At the disconnected P-C3
harness connector, measure for STOP
DC voltage between enable
circuit contact 1 and the ground NOT OK - None of the voltage
circuit contact 2 . Measure for measurements is greater than 3.0
DC voltage between enable VDC. The measurements are not
circuit contact 4 wire and frame indicating that the enable circuit is
ground. (See schematic, above, shorted to another voltage source
for specific pin identification.) circuit.

Proceed to Test Step 3.

3. Check The Operation Of The OK - The CID 2865 FMI 03
ECM The CID 2865 FMI 03 diagnostic code is no longer
diagnostic code is no active. A CID 2865 FMI 04
A. Turn key start switch and longer active. A CID diagnostic code has been activated
disconnect switch to the OFF 2865 FMI 04 after the ECM pin is grounded.
position. diagnostic code The ECM has responded correctly
becomes active when to the grounded circuit condition
B. At the machine harness the ECM pin at J2-3 is in the circuit. The ECM is most
connector for the ECM, use a grounded. likely not the cause of the
151-6320 Removal Tool to problem.
remove the enable circuit wire
and the socket for the wire. (See Install the enable circuit wire and
schematic, above, for specific pin socket in the original location in
identification.) the J2 harness connector before
proceeding to the next step.
C. Reconnect the harness
connectors to the ECM. Proceed to Test Step 8.

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D. Turn the disconnect switch NOT OK - The CID 2865 FMI 03

and the key start switch to the ON diagnostic code remains active.
position. The status of the active diagnostic
code does not change when the
E. Use a 7X-1710 Multimeter ECM pin for the enable circuit is
Probe that is not connected to a grounded.
multimeter or a similar device to
make contact with the ECM pin Repair: The ECM has not
at J2-3 through the empty space responded correctly to the ground
in the J2 connector. condition in the enable circuit.
The operation of the ECM is not
F. While observing the status of correct.
the active CID 2865 FMI 03
diagnostic code, ground the other Ensure that the latest version of
end of the 7X-1710 Multimeter software is loaded on the
Probe to the frame ground. Implement ECM.
If the software is not the latest
version, flash the latest version of
software to the Implement ECM.

If the diagnostic code remains

active after flashing the latest
software version to the ECM, the
ECM could be the cause of the
problem.

Note: Prior to replacing an ECM,

always contact the Technical
Communicator at your dealership
for possible consultation with
Caterpillar. This consultation may
effect repair time. If the ECM
must be replaced, refer to
Troubleshooting, "ECM -
Replace".

STOP
Begin Process For FMI 5 Troubleshooting HERE
4. Check The Circuits And The OK - The CID 2865 FMI 05
ECM The CID 2865 FMI 05 diagnostic code is no longer
diagnostic code is no active. A CID 2865 FMI 06
A. Turn the key switch and longer active. A CID diagnostic code becomes active
disconnect switch to the OFF 2865 FMI 06 when the jumper wire is
position. diagnostic code connected. This condition occurs
becomes active when when the jumper wire is
B. Access the connectors for the the jumper wire is connected to the ECM circuit
left joystick. Disconnect the connected to the ground and to frame ground.
harness connector from the ground circuit and to
joystick P-C3 connector that frame ground. Repair: The ECM has detected
contains the enable circuit (wire the grounded enable circuit for

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X993-WH(White)). both measurements. The

indication is that the ground
C. At the disconnected machine circuit, the enable circuit, and the
harness connector, connect a ECM are operating correctly.
jumper wire between enable There does not appear to be an
circuit contact 1 wire (X993-WH open circuit in either the enable
(White)) and the ground contact 2 circuit or the ECM ground circuit.
wire (X753-YL(Yellow)).
A problem in the joystick base
D. Turn the disconnect switch could be the cause of the problem.
and the key start switch to the ON
position. Do not start the engine. Contact the Technical
Communicator at your dealership
E. Observe the status of the CID for possible consultation with
2865 FMI 05 diagnostic code. Caterpillar concerning this
problem. Indicate the steps that
F. Disconnect one end of the have been taken and the results
jumper wire from the contact 2 that have been observed.
ground circuit. Connect this end
of the jumper wire to a good If the CID 2865 FMI 05
frame ground location. diagnostic code is no longer active
only when the jumper wire is
G. Observe the status of the CID connected to frame ground. There
2865 FMI 05 diagnostic code. is an open in the ECM ground
circuit (X753-YL(Yellow))
between the ECM and the joystick
connector.

Proceed to Test Step 5 to verify

the open circuit.

NOT OK- The CID 2865 FMI 05

diagnostic code remains active.
The jumper wire does not affect
the status of the active diagnostic
code when connected to the ECM
ground or frame ground.

Proceed to Test Step 5.

5. Check The Circuit For An OK - The resistance measurement
Open The measured is less than 5.0 ohms. The
resistance is less than resistance measurement is not
A. Turn the disconnect switch 5.0 ohms at all times indicating an open or a poor
and the key start switch to the during the connection in the circuit.
OFF position. manipulation of the
harness and Proceed to Test Step 8.
B. At the disconnected harness connectors.
connector for the joystick, NOT OK - The resistance
reconnect the jumper wire that measurement is greater than 5.0
was used in the last step between ohms. The resistance
enable circuit contact 1 (wire measurement is indicating an open
X993-WH(White)) and the circuit or a poor connection in the

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ground contact 2 (wire X753-YL machine harness.

(Yellow)).
Repair: The open connection or
C. At the Implement ECM, the possible poor connection is in
disconnect the machine harness supply wire or in return wire of
J2. the machine harness. Repair the
machine harness or replace the
D. At the machine harness machine harness.
connector J2 for the ECM,
measure the resistance between Refer to the complete Electrical
contact J2-3 (wire X993-WH System Schematic of the machine,
(White)) and contact J2-4 (wire UENR3832. Check all of the
X753-YL(Yellow)). connectors that are in the
controller signal circuit. Ensure
E. While the resistance that all connections are clean, that
measurements are observed, all connections are secure and that
gently pull on, and wiggle the all connections are in good
wires between the module and the condition.
ECM locations.
A resistance measurement that is
greater than 5000 ohms could
indicate that a wire is not
connected or that a wire is open. A
resistance measurement that is
greater than 5.0 ohms but less than
5000 ohms could indicate that one
of the connection points is poor.

STOP
Begin Process For FMI 6 Troubleshooting HERE
6. Check The Enable Circuit Each measured OK - Each resistance
For A Short To Ground resistance is greater measurement is greater than 5000
than 5000 ohms. ohms. There does not appear to be
A. Turn the disconnect switch a short to a ground source in the
and the key start switch to the machine harness for the
OFF position. Implement ECM. There is a
possibility that a ground circuit in
B. Access the connectors for the another ECM harness could be
left joystick. Disconnect the shorted to the enable circuit.
harness connector from the
joystick P-C3 connector that Proceed to Test Step 7.
contains the enable circuit (wire
X993-WH(White)). NOT OK - One or more of the
resistance measurements is less
C. At the Implement ECM, than 5000 ohms. The resistance
disconnect the J1 and J2 harness measurement is indicating that a
connectors. short is present in the machine
harness. The short is between the
D. At the J2 harness connector, wire X993-WH(White) and frame
measure the resistance between ground. Or the short is between
enable circuit contact J2-3 (wire the enable circuit wire and the

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X993-WH(White)) and frame circuit with the low resistance

ground. Measure the resistance measurement.
between the enable circuit contact
J2-3 and each of the other Repair: For information on
individual contacts that are used testing for short circuits and
in the harness connectors J1 and finding short circuits, refer to
J2 for the Implement ECM. Troubleshooting, "Wiring Harness
(Short Circuit) - Test". Repair the
machine harness or replace the
machine harness.

STOP
OK - Each resistance
measurement is greater than 50
ohms. There does not appear to be
an obvious short to ground in the
joystick base.
7. Check For An Internal Short
To Ground In The Joystick
Proceed to Test Step 8.
A. Turn the key start switch and
NOT OK - One or more of the
the disconnect switch to the OFF
resistance measurements is less
position.
than 50 ohms. The resistance
measurement is indicating that a
B. The joystick P-C3 harness
Each measured short is present in the base of the
connector remains disconnected
resistance between the joystick.
from the joystick base.
enable circuit contact
and the grounds is Repair: An internal problem
C. At the left joystick connector
greater than 50 ohms. could be present in the joystick.
P-C3, measure the resistance
between the enable circuit contact
Before replacing the joystick base,
1 and the joystick base housing.
contact the Technical
Measure the resistance between
Communicator at your dealership
the enable circuit contact 1 and
for possible consultation with
each individual ground contact 2
Caterpillar concerning this
and contact 5.
problem. Indicate the steps that
have been taken and the results
that have been observed.

STOP
8. Check The Status Of The OK - The CID 2865 FMI 03
Diagnostic Code The CID 2865 FMI 03 diagnostic code is not active. The
diagnostic code is not diagnostic code does not exist at
A. Turn the disconnect switch active. this time. The initial diagnostic
and key start switch to the OFF code could have been caused by a
position. poor connection or a momentary
condition that reset when the
B. Reconnect any harness machine was restarted. Resume
connectors that were normal operation.
disconnected and checked.
STOP

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C. Turn the disconnect switch

and the key start switch to the ON NOT OK - The CID 2865 FMI 03
position. Allow the steering diagnostic code is still active. The
joystick to attempt an auto diagnostic code has not been
enable. corrected.

D. Start the engine. Repair: Ensure that all possible

causes of this diagnostic code
E. Determine if the CID 2865 have been investigated.
FMI 03 diagnostic code is active.
If a cause of this problem cannot
be found, the joystick base could
contain an internal problem.

Contact the Technical

Communicator at your dealership
for possible consultation
concerning this problem. Indicate
the steps that have been taken and
the results that have been
observed.

The DSN personnel will provide

instruction on the next action that
is required to resolve this problem.

STOP

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