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Single RAN Features, Rel. SRAN
21A, Operating Documentation,
Issue 06

LTE11: Robust Header

Compression

DN251052241
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Table of Contents

1 Introduction To The Feature ....................................................................................................... 6

2 Benefits .......................................................................................................................................... 7

3 Functional Description ................................................................................................................. 8

3.1 Short Description of ROHC .............................................................................................. 8
3.2 Bearer Establishment ..................................................................................................... 10
3.3 PDCP Adaptation for ROHC ........................................................................................... 13

4 System Impacts .......................................................................................................................... 15

5 LTE11 reference data ................................................................................................................ 16

6 Activating and deactivating LTE11 ........................................................................................... 18

6.1 Activating the LTE11 ....................................................................................................... 18
6.2 Deactivating the LTE11 .................................................................................................. 19

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List of Figures
Figure 1 Principle of ROHC ............................................................................................................ 8
Figure 2 Compressor States ......................................................................................................... 9
Figure 3 Decompressor States .................................................................................................... 9
Figure 4 EPS Bearer Establishment Procedure by S1AP: Initial Context Setup Procedure
(Attach) ............................................................................................................................ 11
Figure 5 EPS Bearer Establishment Procedure by S1AP: Initial Context Setup Procedure
(Service Request) ............................................................................................................ 11
Figure 6 EPS Bearer Establishment Procedure by S1AP: E-RAB Setup Procedure
........................................................................................................................................... 12

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List of Tables
Table 1 Modes of ROHC ................................................................................................................ 9
Table 2 New parameters introduced by LTE11 ....................................................................... 17

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1. Introduction To The Feature
The feature ” LTE11: Robust header compression” introduces the ROHC for EPS bearers
with QCI = 1, these are bearers for voice over IP. For those bearers the payload of the IP
packets is almost of the same size or even smaller than the header. Over the end-to-end
connection, comprised of multiple hops, these protocol headers are extremely important,
but over just one link (hop-to-hop) these headers will be compressed (and decompressed at
the other end of the link). Application of ROHC over the air link is possible because
IP/UDP/RTP header information is not required for relaying data over the air interface to the
receiving UE.

This feature supports ROHC( Robust header compression) for IP/UDP and IP/UDP/RTP
headers. It is described in the RFC 3095 and RFC4815.

The IP overhead of the IPv4 or IPv6 is 40 respective 60 bytes. ROHC reduces these values to
2..5 bytes (this is a typical average value).

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2. Benefits
The main benefit for operator and customer is a considerable reduction of the overhead
being transmitted over the air interface in UL/DL in addition to the voice data, i.e., the
IP(v4/v6))/RTP/UDP headers

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3. Functional Description

3.1 Short Description of ROHC

The ROHC algorithm establishes a common context at the compressor and decompressor
by transmitting full header and then gradually transition to higher level of compression.
ROHC is designed to be flexible to support several protocol stacks and each protocol stack
defines a profile within the ROHC framework.

The following ROHC profiles are supported by this feature:

ROHC uncompressed (RFC 4995),

ROHC RTP (RFC 3095, RFC 4815),
ROHC UDP (RFC 3095, RFC 4815)..

The protocol headers are compressed due to redundancy in the header fields of consecutive
packets of the same packet stream. A packet classifier can identify different packet streams
by the combination of parameters like protocol headers being carried in the packet, the
source and destination addresses etc.

Initially, a few packets are sent uncompressed and are used to establish the context on both
sides of the link.The context comprises information about static fields, dynamic fields and
their change pattern in protocol headers . This information is used by the compressor to
compress the packet as efficiently as possible and then by the decompressor to
decompress the packet to its original state (see Figure: Principle of ROHC)

Figure 1: Principle of ROHC

Figure: Principle of ROHC shows the download direction, there is also ROHC in the upload
direction.

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The ROHC compressor operates in 3 states: Initialization and Refresh (IR), First Order (FO)
and Second Order (SO). The states describe the increasing level of confidence about the
correctness of the context at the decompressor side. The confidence is reflected in the
increasing compression of packet headers. In case of error conditions, as indicated by the
decompressor using feedback packets, the compressor can move to a lower state to send
packets that carry enough information to fix the error in the context of the decompressor.

The compressor always starts in the IR state. In this state, it sends uncompressed packets to
establish the context at the decompressor side. Once it gains confidence that the
decompressor has the context information, it moves to higher states of operation, either
via FO state to SO state or directly to SO state, Figure: Compressor States.

Figure 2: Compressor States

The decompressor states are shown in the following figure, Figure: Decompressor States

Figure 3: Decompressor States

ROHC can run in the following Modes:

Table 1: Modes of ROHC

Mode Description

U-Mode In Unidirectional mode, packets are sent in one direction, from the compressor
to the decompressor. In cases where the return path of the reserve channels are
not available it requires periodic refresh.

O-Mode In Bidirectional Optimistic mode, a feedback channel is utilized. It does not

require periodic refresh.

R-Mode In Bidirectional Reliable mode, it issues feadback for all context updates.

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3.2 Bearer Establishment
The next figures (Figure: EPS Bearer Establishment Procedure by S1AP: Initial Context Setup
Procedure (Attach) and Figure: EPS Bearer Establishment Procedure by S1AP: Initial Context
Setup Procedure (Service Request) ) show the EPS Bearer Establishment procedure triggered
by the S1AP message INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP REQUEST according 3GPP:

Attach procedure, without included UE radio capabilities (Figure: EPS Bearer

Establishment Procedure by S1AP: Initial Context Setup Procedure (Attach)),
Service request, with included UE radio capabilities (Figure: EPS Bearer Establishment
Procedure by S1AP: Initial Context Setup Procedure (Service Request))

The Initial Context Setup procedure supports the ROHC configuration for the conversational
voice GBR EPS bearer. This includes:

Check of the activation of the robust header compression feature,

Check of the ROHC by the UE,
Configuration of the ROHC based on the UE capabilities and the PDCP profile for
conversational voice if a DRB shall be set up for conversational voice,
Configuration of ROHC by the RRC: Connection Reconfiguration procedure, if a DRB shall
be set up for conversational voice.

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Figure 4: EPS Bearer Establishment Procedure by S1AP: Initial Context Setup Procedure
(Attach)

Figure 5: EPS Bearer Establishment Procedure by S1AP: Initial Context Setup Procedure
(Service Request)

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In Figure: EPS Bearer Establishment Procedure by S1AP: E-RAB Setup Procedure the
establishment of a bearer by the S1AP E-RAB Setup procedure is shown. This procedure is
initiated in the following cases:

The PDN GW request the addition of a new dedicated EPS bearer ([3GPP 23.401), e.g.: the
setup of a voice call by IMS
The UE requests a resource modification that causes the addition of a new dedicated EPS
bearer ([3GPP 24.301]:
The UE requests the addition of a new PDN connection including a new default EPS bearer
([3GPP 23.401]), e.g. : start of an IMS based VoIP application or connecting a laptop to a
mobile phone.
Additionally to the UE requested PDN connectivity, PDN GW might request the addition of
new dedicated EPS bearers in combination with the UE requested PDN connectivity
procedure ([3GPP 23.401]

The E-RAB Setup procedure supports the ROHC configuration for the conversational voice
GBR EPS bearer to be established. This includes

Check of the activation of the robust header compression feature,

Check of the support of conversational voice by the UE,
Configuration of the ROHC based on the UE capabilities and the PDCP profile for
conversational voice
Configuration of ROHC by the RRC Connection Reconfiguration procedure.

Figure 6: EPS Bearer Establishment Procedure by S1AP: E-RAB Setup Procedure

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3.3 PDCP Adaptation for ROHC
The eNB supports PDCP Control PDU for interspersed RoHC feedback packets. The ROHC
feedback packet exchange is only needed for VoIP services which are subject of header
compression profiles.

The compressor has the following attributes:

It is configurable by the layer 3,

It starts in U-mode operation,
It transits between the different modes according to the feedback provided by the
decompressor (UE side),
It interprets and reacts according to information provided through feedback packets
received by the decompressor (UE side),
It transits (upward/downward) between compressor states, i.e. IR-/ FO-/ SO-state.

Furthermore the eNB supports a feedback channel for the ROHC. This channel is mandatory
in O- mode or R - mode of operation.

The Header Refresh feature is a further attribute of the compressor:

header refreshes according to RFC2507, considering the number of packets in one period
and the number of transmitted full headers.
the header refreshes apply for FO-state and SO-state (i.e. in IR-state full-headers are
anyway transmitted).

The eNB supports timer based downward transition from SO-state to FO-state as well as
timer based downward transition from SO-/FO-state to IR-state.

The eNB supports a header decompressor for UL data transfer:

it is configurable by layer L3,

it starts with U-mode of operation,
it provides feedback (if applicable) which are relavant for the compressor on UE side (e.g.
mode changes etc.),
it transits (upward/downward) between decompressor states, i.e. no context, static
context and full context.

The eNB supports the decompressor states:

The no-context, static-context and full-context states,.

The decompressor starts with the no-context and transits to higher states (no restriction
for any kind of transit),
The decompressor decides autonomously about any state transition,

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The decompressor can transit all the way to full-context once it has sucessfully
decompressed a header.

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4. System Impacts
The following features must be enabled:

LTE7: Support of multiple EPS bearer,

LTE10: EPS bearers for conversational voice..

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5. LTE11 reference data
For reference data descriptions, see Single RAN System/SRAN Reference Data

Requirements
For supported hardware and software, see Single RAN Features/List of Features and
Documents/List of Features Supported in Single RAN.

Alarms
There are no alarms related to the LTE11: Robust Header Compression feature.

BTS faults and reported alarms

There are no faults related to the LTE11: Robust Header Compression feature.

Commands
There are no commands related to the LTE11: Robust Header Compression feature.

Measurements and counters

There are no measurements or counters related to the LTE11: Robust Header Compression
feature.

Key performance indicators

There are no key performance indicators related to the LTE11: Robust Header Compression
feature.

Parameters

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Table 2: New parameters introduced by LTE11

Full name Abbreviated name Manage Parent structure FDD/TDD

d object

Activate PDCP actPdcpRohc LNBTS - common

Robust Header
Compression

ROHC Maximum CID rohcMaxCid LNBTS - common

Sales information
For licensing information, see 5G/System Descriptions/5G Licenses. Remember that for 5G
features, you also need to configure the Use Case Level Activation Parameters (UCLAPs). For
more information, see .

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6. Activating and deactivating LTE11
Instructions to activate or deactivate the feature in the network

Before you start

See Configuring features with BTS Site Manager or Configuring features with Web Element
Manager for general management tool instructions.

6.1 Activating the LTE11

Instructions to activate the feature

Purpose
Follow this procedure to activate the LTE11: Robust Header Compression feature.

Before you start

The eNB must be already commissioned.

The Activate support of conversational voice bearer (actConvVoice)
LNBTS_FDD in case of the FDD or LNBTS_TDD in case of the TDD parameter value must
be set to true.

Procedure
1 Start configuring the parameters.

Select from the available options

Go to the Radio Network Configuration page if using the BTS Site Manager.
Go to the Parameter Editor/ Navigation Panel if using Web Element
Manager.

2 Go to the LNBTS object.

Object path: MRBTS ► LNBTS

3 Set the Activate PDCP robust header compression (actPdcpRohc)

parameter value to true.

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4 Send the commissioning plan file to the eNB.

Result
The robust header compression is enabled.

6.2 Deactivating the LTE11

Instructions to deactivate the feature

Purpose
Follow this procedure to deactivate the LTE11 Robust Header Compression feature.

Before you start

The eNB must be already commissioned.

Procedure
1 Start configuring the parameters.

Select from the available options

Go to the Radio Network Configuration page if using the BTS Site Manager.
Go to the Parameter Editor/ Navigation Panel if using Web Element
Manager.

2 Go to the LNBTS object.

Object path: MRBTS ► LNBTS

3 Set the Activate PDCP robust header compression (actPdcpRohc)

parameter value to false.

4 Send the commissioning plan file to the eNB.

Result
The robust header compression is disabled.

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