ARELLANO UNIVERSITY

Senior High School Department

Juan Sumulong Campus2600 Legarda St., Sampaloc, Manila
Weekly Lesson Plan

Date
CONTENT STANDARD/
Grade & Section II. SUBJECT
PERFORMANCE I. OBJECTIVES III. PROCEDURE IV. ASSESSMENT
Learning Area MATTER
STANDARD
Class Period
February 1-2 Content Standard: Learning Objectives Topic Date: February 1-2, 2024 Date: February 1-2, 2024

2024 FORMATION OF Modality: In-person Modality: In-person

HEAVY ELEMENTS
Physical Science 1.the formation of the The learners give ACTIVITY:
elements during the Big evidence for and explain Activity 1 “Spell me”
ICT B2 APPLICATION:
Bang and during stellar the formation of the
References: Students will group into two and will
2:50-4:10pm evolution light elements in the Big Calculating the number of each
Bang theory Santiago, K. Silverio, spell out the following words in the particle in an atom:
Thursday 2. the distribution of the word NUCLEOSYNTHESIS.
A. (2016) Exploring
chemical elements and # Protons = Atomic Number
Life Through Science 1. ICY
the isotopes in the # Electrons = Protons
S11/12PS-IIIa-1 Series: Seeing the 2. She
ICT B1 universe # Neutrons = Atomic Mass –
S11/12PS-IIIa-2 Atoms, 4-17pages 3. Thesis
S11/12PS-IIIa-3 Atomic Number OR Big # -
5:30-6:50pm 4. Touch
S11/12PSIIIa-b-4 Online Source Small #
5. Silent
Thursday Performance Standard: 6. Honest
Link:
After this lesson, the 7. Style
1. make a creative learners will be able to: https://courses.lumen 8. Necessitous
representation of the 9. NUCLEOSYNTHESIS
HE AB1 learning.com/suny-
historical development of give evidence
the atom or the chemical astronomy/chapter/st
3:50-5:10pm for and describe ellar-populations-in-
element in a timeline.
the formation of the-galaxy/
Friday
heavier
elements during
 star formation ANALYSIS: FORMATION OF HEAVY Use the periodic table to find the
and evolution; ELEMENTS numbers of protons, neutrons,
HE AB2 Time Allotment and electrons for atoms of the
write the
In-person Classes: 1 Stellar Nucleosynthesis following elements.
5:10-6:50pm nuclear fusion
hour and 20
reactions that
Friday minutes/week
take place in
stars that lead to
Synchronous Classes:
the formation of
1 hour and 20
new elements;
minutes/week
and
describe how
elements Asynchronous 1 hour
heavier than and 20 minutes/week
iron are formed.

Instructional
Materials:

Prezi Presentations

White board
Hydrogen and helium atoms in stars
began combining in nuclear fusion
reactions once hydrogen-helium
stars had formed from the action of
gravity. This releases a tremendous
amount of light, heat, and
radioactive energy. Fusion resulted in
the formation of nuclei of new
elements.

Main-sequence stars

The first fusion process occurs in the

hydrogen core of stars such as the
sun with a temperature of less than
15 million K.

Proton-Proton chain
3
He forms from deuterium and
proton fusion, also known as
deuterium burning. This immediately
consumes all deuterium produced.
2
H + 1H → 3He + γ
4
He forms from 3He fusion.
3
He + 3He
→ 4He + 2
1
H

Red Giant
The core
of a star
becomes
comprised of He as H is depleted,
while H fusion only occurs in a shell
around it. Due to this process, the
temperature and density of the core
of the star increases up to 100
million K. The star’s thermal pressure
causes it to push out H gas.
Triple alpha process
Alpha particles refer to 4He. This
reaction involves the fusion of three
4
He atoms in the following steps:
4
He + 4He → 8Be
8
Be + 4He → 12C + γ
Alpha ladder
The star can keep growing into a
supergiant as it accumulates mass.
 More and more alpha particles are
fused to create heavier elements all
the way to iron, making the core and
star itself more massive.
CNO cycle
Main-sequence stars hotter than 15
million K could facilitate the
production of helium once carbon
was present from alpha processes.
This happens through a process
where 12C is used as a catalyst
known as the carbon fusion cycle.

Supernova

Explosion that releases a tremendous

amount of energy enough to
synthesize elements heavier than iron.
Examples of these elements are
uranium and thorium, which are some
of the heaviest known elements
This is done through the r-process that
involves rapid capture of neutrons by
the atom.
Other heavy elements are also
synthesized through s-process
involving slow neutron capture in red
giants.
ABSTRACTION:

Guide Questions:

Choose the best answer for each

question. Write your answer on the
space provided.

1. Which of the following processes is

likely to generate the heaviest
element?
a. CNO cycle
b. r-process
c. triple-alpha process
d. Big Bang nucleosynthesis
2. Which of the following reactions is
not a part of the alpha ladder?
a. 2412Mg + 42He 28
14Si
31 4 35
b. 15p + 2He 17Cl
36 4 40
c. 18Ar + 2He 20Ca
44 4 48
d. 22Ti + 2He 23Cr

3. If an element is used up by a star in

fusion, it is sometimes called
“burning” even though no actual
combustion occurs. Which of the
following processes is likely to
involve “carbon burning”?
a. alpha ladder
b. CNO cycle
c. triple-alpha process
d. s-process
 I. Modified True or False: If the
statement is true, write True. Else,
replace the underlined portion with
the correct word or phrase.

a. A star gets lighter as time goes on.

b. Most of the heaviest elements were
formed in main-sequence stars.
c. The heavy elements in a star are
found in its core.
d. In stellar nucleosynthesis, heavier
elements are formed from
combining lighter ones.

Answer Key:
1.D
2.B
3.A
a. True
b. True
c. True
d. True

Prepared By: MS ROCHELLE MAE C. ANSALE, LPT Checked by: MRS. EVA A. PUNZALAN, LPT

SHS Science Teacher SHS Science Coordinate