Theory Hurdles

3º ESO - PE Workbook - IES Joan Miró – Physical Education Department
ATHLETICS
A bit of history
It is assumed that during prehistoric times,
primitive man had to walk, run, jump and throw
to survive.
With the first civilized human settlements,
these athletics competitions were held in
ancient Greece in honor of certain gods and to
commemorate events. The most important of
these events was held every four years in
Olympia (Olympic Games) and it is thought that
these games were held for the first time in the
8th century BC.
Modern athletics, as it is known today, began in the mid-nineteenth century in Great Britain.
British schools and universities thought that they were of great educational interest. In 1894,
the Olympic Games were re-established, thanks to the efforts of Frenchman, Baron Pierre de
Coubertin, and Athens became the home of the first modern Olympic Games (1896). Since then,
athletics have been the center of this competition, which has led the sport to develop and
spread through- out the world.
What are athletics?
Athletics is a name given to a particular

group of sports, sports disciplines, and
sporting events that involve competitive
running, jumping, throwing, and walking,
including track and field disciplines,
road running, cross country running, and
race walking.
It is commonly called “Track and field
athletics” because some of the events
take place in the track and others in
the field surrounded by the track.
Woods, parks and the mountains are used to hold cross- country competitions. The
streets of towns and cities usually provide the course for race-walking and popular
runs, which have a long history in this country, as well as marathons, like the ones held
in New York, Barcelona and the San Silvestre run in Madrid.
1
HURDLES
Hurdles are sprint events in which the athletes must run passing over 10 obstacles
(hurdles) in the shortest time possible. The fastest way to go over the hurdles is using
the “hurdle clearance” technique.
Hurdles is one of the most difficult events in track and field. It combines sprinting,
both short and intermediate, and jumping. Conditioning, speed, flexibility, coordination
and agility drills are necessary components for passing the hurdles.
The height of the hurdles and the distance between each hurdle in the events are:
100 m 110 m
EVENT: 400 m women 400 m men
women men
HEIGHT OF
THE HURDLE:
83 cm 106 cm 76 cm 91 cm
DISTANCE
BETWEEN 9.14 m 9.14 m 35 m 35 m
HURDLES:
The hurdle clearance can be broken down into four main phases – the “three T’s”;
1) Acceleration 2) Takeoff 3) Transition 4) Touchdown.
The Take Off – Attacking Transition – Over the Touchdown – Back to Running
the Hurdle Hurdle The final phase of the hurdle is
the end of the jumping phase
The take off phase consists This process mainly and the return to running.
of moving from the running involves your trail leg
to the jumping phase of the The term “touchdown” refers
(the leg behind you).
race. to when the lead leg has come
You must maintain the speed over the hurdle, and touches
- First, the lead leg has
as you approach the hurdle, down the track again.
now extended so that it
or even attempt to increase clears the hurdle and the The proper touchdown is with
it. You should be in good body follows. the foot in an upright position,
running form, leaning the your body slightly behind, but
trunk slightly forwards and - The trail leg is raised
almost on top of your foot. You
with power in the legs. with knee flexed, toe up,
want to return your foot to the
and heel up keeping it at
The lead leg (the leg that knee level so that the bar
ground as fast as possible
goes first) reaches and after clearing the hurdle...
is not hit when you clear
drives you up into the hurdle.
the hurdle. As your body clears the hurdle,
- Lift the knee first toward move your trail leg´s knee up
the hurdle, don’t lead with Arm action: synchronized
and forward (“close the door”)
foot. with the legs during
and return to the track in
barrier clearance and
- Flexed knee, not locked. running form.
running action.
2
+
Acceleration Take off Transition Touchdown
100/110 hurdles
- 8 steps to the 1st hurdle
(beginners may need to take 9)
- 3 steps between each hurdle.

Stride length is decreased
between the hurdles in order to
fit the needed three steps.
Beginners may take more than
three steps between the hurdles.
- 5 - 6 steps off of the 10th

hurdle to the finish line.
- 10 hurdles in the race
400 hurdles
- Both genders run a full which

also includes 10 hurdles. With 35
meters from one hurdle to the
next, competitors use different
stride patterns between the
hurdles.
- Some hurdlers always clear the

barriers using the same lead leg,
but others can alternate legs.
- Ideally, all hurdlers stride over,

rather than jump, the barriers,
spending as little time in the air as
possible.
3

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3º ESO - PE Workbook - IES Joan Miró – Physical Education Department

What are athletics?

Athletics is a name given to a particular

- 3 steps between each hurdle.

- 5 - 6 steps off of the 10th

- Both genders run a full which

- Some hurdlers always clear the

- Ideally, all hurdlers stride over,

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