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Repetitive Statements For Loop - Abdul Rehman

The document discusses for loops in C++. It explains that for loops repeat a block of code a specified number of times. It provides the syntax of a basic for loop and describes the initialization, condition, and update sections. Examples are given to illustrate printing numbers, displaying text repeatedly, and calculating a sum of integers using for loops. The document also introduces ranged-based for loops and infinite for loops.

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16 views

Repetitive Statements For Loop - Abdul Rehman

The document discusses for loops in C++. It explains that for loops repeat a block of code a specified number of times. It provides the syntax of a basic for loop and describes the initialization, condition, and update sections. Examples are given to illustrate printing numbers, displaying text repeatedly, and calculating a sum of integers using for loops. The document also introduces ranged-based for loops and infinite for loops.

Uploaded by

abdulrrehman10
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C++ for Loop

In computer programming, loops are used to repeat a block of code.

For example, let's say we want to show a message 100 times. Then instead of writing the print statement 100
times, we can use a loop.

That was just a simple example; we can achieve much more efficiency and sophistication in our programs by
making effective use of loops.

There are 3 types of loops in C++.

for loop

while loop

do...while loop

This tutorial focuses on C++ for loop. We will learn about the other type of loops in the upcoming tutorials.

C++ for loop


The syntax of for-loop is:
for (initialization; condition; update) {
// body of-loop
}

Here,

initialization - initializes variables and is executed only once

condition - if true , the body of for loop is executed


if false , the for loop is terminated

update - updates the value of initialized variables and again checks the condition

To learn more about conditions , check out our tutorial on C++ Relational and Logical Operators (/cpp-
programming/relational-logical-operators).
Flowchart of for Loop in C++

Flowchart of for loop in C++


Example 1: Printing Numbers From 1 to 5

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; ++i) {
cout << i << " ";
}
return 0;
}

Run Code (/cpp-programming/online-compiler)

Output

1 2 3 4 5

Here is how this program works

Iteration Variable i <= 5 Action

1st i = 1 true 1 is printed. i is increased to 2 .

2nd i = 2 true 2 is printed. i is increased to 3 .

3rd i = 3 true 3 is printed. i is increased to 4 .

4th i = 4 true 4 is printed. i is increased to 5 .


5th i = 5 true 5 is printed. i is increased to 6 .

6th i = 6 false The loop is terminated

Example 2: Display a text 5 times

// C++ Program to display a text 5 times

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; ++i) {
cout << "Hello World! " << endl;
}
return 0;
}

Run Code (/cpp-programming/online-compiler)

Output

Hello World!
Hello World!
Hello World!
Hello World!
Hello World!
Here is how this program works

Iteration Variable i <= 5 Action

1st i = 1 true Hello World! is printed and i is increased to 2 .

2nd i = 2 true Hello World! is printed and i is increased to 3 .

3rd i = 3 true Hello World! is printed and i is increased to 4 .

4th i = 4 true Hello World! is printed and i is increased to 5 .

5th i = 5 true Hello World! is printed and i is increased to 6 .

6th i = 6 false The loop is terminated


Example 3: Find the sum of first n Natural Numbers

// C++ program to find the sum of first n natural numbers


// positive integers such as 1,2,3,...n are known as natural numbers

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {
int num, sum;
sum = 0;

cout << "Enter a positive integer: ";


cin >> num;

for (int i = 1; i <= num; ++i) {


sum += i;
}

cout << "Sum = " << sum << endl;

return 0;
}

Run Code (/cpp-programming/online-compiler)

Output

Enter a positive integer: 10


Sum = 55
In the above example, we have two variables num and sum . The sum variable is assigned with 0 and the
num variable is assigned with the value provided by the user.

Note that we have used a for loop.

for(int i = 1; i <= num; ++i)

Here,

int i = 1 : initializes the i variable

i <= num : runs the loop as long as i is less than or equal to num

++i : increases the i variable by 1 in each iteration

When i becomes 11 , the condition is false and sum will be equal to 0 + 1 + 2 + ... + 10 .

Ranged Based for Loop


In C++11, a new range-based for loop was introduced to work with collections such as arrays and vectors. Its
syntax is:

for (variable : collection) {


// body of loop
}

Here, for every value in the collection , the for loop is executed and the value is assigned to the variable .
Example 4: Range Based for Loop

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {

int num_array[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10};

for (int n : num_array) {


cout << n << " ";
}

return 0;
}

Run Code (/cpp-programming/online-compiler)

Output

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

In the above program, we have declared and initialized an int array named num_array . It has 10 items.

Here, we have used a range-based for loop to access all the items in the array.

C++ Infinite for loop

If the condition in a for loop is always true , it runs forever (until memory is full). For example,
// infinite for loop
for(int i = 1; i > 0; i++) {
// block of code
}

In the above program, the condition is always true which will then run the code for infinite times.

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