MUTEESA 1 ROYAL UNIVERSITY

HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

CASE STUDY (Divine Hospital)

BY
SSEMUWEMBA PATRICK
M
AGEMBE JUDE
NAKAYAGA MARY STELLA
NAYIGA JOVIA
SSALI JAMIRA
KAYANJA JONATHAN
 REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, ART
AND DESIGN OF MUTEESA I
ROYAL UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT
OF AN
AWARD OF BACHELORS OF INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY

November 2023

ii
 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that this project Report is original and

has not been published or submitted to any other
University before.
SSEMUWEMBA PATRICK
Signed: ..........................................................
Date: .......................................
MAGEMBE JUDE LEONARD
Signed: ..........................................................
Date: .......................................
NAKAYAGA MARIA STELLA
Signed: ..........................................................
Date: .......................................
NAYIGA JOVIA
Signed: ..........................................................
Date: .......................................
SSALI JAMIRA
Signed: ..........................................................
Date: .......................................
i
KAYANJA JONATHAN
Signed……………………………………….Date………
…………………

APPROVAL
This is to certify that the above mentioned students
presented the Hospital Management System as their
project .This is a true document of the work they did

ii
under my supervision and it is ready for the submission
with my approval.
Kalyesubula Micheal
Faculty of Science, Engineering
Information Technology, Art and Design
Department of Information Technology
Signature: …………………………..
Date: ……………………………….

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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God, most
Gracious, most Merciful and Determiner of all things
without whom we would not have been able to
successfully complete this project.
To our parents and to our entire family. We love and
appreciate you all very much and appreciate your support.
And also to all those who helped us throughout the
process of writing this project we are thankful for their
support rendered.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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Praise and thanks to Almighty God for the success of this
project work. It is essential at this point to acknowledge
with thanks those who have made useful contributions to
facilitate the successful accomplishment of this academic
task.
We wish to express or reserved gratitude to our
supervisor, Mr. Kalyesubula Micheal for his comments
and suggestions for expanding of knowledge on this our
research work.
Our greetings go to our parents for your love, care,
prayers and sacrifice that made us who we are now. We
love you all. And also to all our siblings and loved ones
for their great support during this time.
Our deepest appreciation goes to our friends and course
mates and everyone who helped us throughout the course
of writing this project.
Finally, while we acknowledge the contribution of all, we
claim total responsibility for whatever shortcomings the
project may have or contain. Perfection belongs only to
Almighty God.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION...............................................................i
APPROVAL......................................................................ii
DEDICATION.................................................................iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...............................................iv

vii
LIST OF FIGURES.......................................................viii
ABSTRACT.....................................................................ix
CHAPTER ONE................................................................1
INTRODUCTION.............................................................1
1.0 INTRODUCTION.......................................................1
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY....................................1
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM...................................1
1.3 GENERAL OBJECTIVE............................................2
1.4 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES...........................................2
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY............................2
1.6 SCOPE OF STUDY....................................................2
CHAPTER TWO...............................................................3
LITERATURE REVIEW..................................................3
2.1 INTRODUCTION.......................................................3
2.2 INFORMATION.........................................................4
2.3 INFORMATION SYSTEM........................................5

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2.4 Hospital MANAGEMENT..........................................7
CHAPTER THREE...........................................................9
FINDINGS/OBSERVATIONS/METHODOLOGIES.....9
3.0 INTRODUCTION.......................................................9
3.1 METHODOLOGY......................................................9
3.1.1 INTERVIEWING.....................................................9
3.1.2RECORD REVIEW..................................................9
3.1.3OBSERVATION.....................................................10
CHAPTER FOUR...........................................................11
SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION....................................11
4.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS............................11
4.2 IMPLEMENTATION...............................................11
4.3 SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION...............................11
4.3.2 Personal details of customer...................................12
4.3.3 Room Availability..................................................13
4.3.4 Hospital Status........................................................13

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4.3.5Transaction Details..................................................14
4.3.6 Contact Information...............................................14
4.4 APPLICATION AND SYSTEM TESTING.............15
4.4.1 UNIT TESTING.....................................................15
4.4.2USER ACCEPTANCE TESTING..........................15
4.4.3SYSTEM MAINTENANCE...................................15
CHAPTER FIVE.............................................................16
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS................................................16
5.1 SUMMARY..............................................................16
5.2 CONCLUSION.........................................................16
5.3 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY............................16
5.4 RECOMMENDATIONS..........................................17
5.5 SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER WORK..............17
REFERENCES................................................................19

x
xi
LIST OF FIGURES
4.1 User Login

4.2 Personal Details of PATIENT

4.3 Room Availability

4.4 Hospital Status
4.5 Payment Information
4.6 Contact Information

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 ABSTRACT
This project examines the aspect of the Hospitality
industry which is Hospital management. In the 21st
century the use of the internet, computers and other
electronic devices have made handling different jobs and
aspects of management very easy. This project is the
design and implementation of an electronic Hospital
management system that provides proper management of
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data and transactions in a centralized and organized
manner and also provides a user friendly interface with
which the user can interact easily with the just little or
elementary knowledge of operating computers.
This project is designed to create a platform that
allows the user to keep track of transactions like room
reservations, room booking, financial administration
medical details of the Hospital, , online consultation and
other day to day activities involved in the running and
management of a Hospitall. The implementation is based
on the requirements for a Hospital management system.
This project accomplished the task of building a system
that ensures accurate record maintenance which was done
through proper identification of clients, patients and the
proper designation of user functions with most of the
processes being done automatically. An electronic
Hospital management information system is required to
assist management of data in the Hospitality industry and
also to make the entire Hospital management process
easier.
The project was designed with the use of C# which is
designed for pure C sharp development that can be used

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to construct basic graphical user interface (GUI)
applications.

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 CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This report provides an overview of the Hospital
management system of Hospital Hospital. The report
includes data and analysis on key metrics such as room
reservation, Hospital status, type of rooms, and medical
staff contacts. The report also identifies areas where the
system can be improved and provides recommendations
for making those improvements
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
One major challenge in Business management in Uganda
is ineffective utilization of resources and lack of proper
record keeping leading to wastages and outright fraud by
the staff. This is particularly true in the Hospitality
industry.
The Hospital management information system is a
system that aids the management of the clients’ data,
Hospital staff data, clients’ registration, patient rooms or
allocation into specific rooms, room reservation and
Personnel staff management.

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 Hospital Hospital uses manual method for patient
registration, room allocation and record keeping by filling
up the forms provided by the Hospital Staff and then the
filled forms are kept in file-folders. For the Hospital staff
to know which rooms are free and available they would
have to check through their various files or keys and this
system is a bit cumbersome and even more so for a
business that is trying to expand . The registration is
based on manual work and all the processes are done
manually. The same manual process is involved in staff
record, roster keeping and payroll.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The phase of system analysis process deals with
problems that are affecting the current manual system.
The problems are those, which are affecting the Hospital
in its daily routine work. As the growing trend in most
business in InfoTech World of Computers, need of
accuracy, perfectness, speed and high memory data
storage is a must. Each and every problem must be solved
with least amount of time and energy. The Hospital
industry is highly competitive, and Hospitals need to be
efficient and effective in managing their operations in
order to save lives. Manual Hospital management systems
are often inefficient and prone to errors, and they can
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make it difficult for Hospitals to keep track of
reservations, inventory, and other important data.
A computerized Hospital management system can help
Hospitals to overcome these challenges by automating
many of the tasks involved in Hospital management. This
can free up staff to focus on providing excellent customer
service, and it can help Hospitals to improve their
efficiency and profitability.
1.3 GENERAL OBJECTIVE
 To improve the overall efficiency and effectiveness
of Galaxy Hospital.
1.4 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

 To eliminate manual record keeping and install an

electronic record keeping thereby ensuring adequate
record of transactions are kept.

 To instill accountability in the process of

management in the Hospital organization by not only
reducing incidence of fraud, but also eliminate
wastages.

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  To install security measures by providing different
access levels to various staff.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The Hospital Management system is developed to
overcome the most of the problems occurring in the
manual system by computerizing the existing system. The
features of the newly proposed computerized system are
described in brief below:
 After computerizing the system, the Hospital
Administrator can finish their work in the least amount of
time possible and with very little effort. The computerized
system has many gains and efforts which the manual
system cannot give in any type of situation.
 In any manual system if we take the main problem arising
is to maintain the number of records and finding a
particular record, computerized systems are most helpful
in dealing with areas where database comes into
existence.
A computer can hold large amount of data in storage
devices and it can operate at a very high speed. The user
can input all types of information into the computer and
can be able to perform any type of task which when done
manually is tedious and time consuming.

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1.6 SCOPE OF STUDY
An online hospital management system (OHMS) is a
comprehensive software application that streamlines
and integrates various hospital operations, including
patient care, administrative tasks, and financial
management. The scope of study of an OHMS
encompasses a wide range of areas, covering both
technical and non-technical aspects.

Technical Aspects

The technical aspects of an OHMS focus on the

design, development, and implementation of the
software system. This includes:

1.Software Architecture: Understanding the overall

architecture of the OHMS, including its
components, modules, and data flow.
2.Database Management: Familiarity with
database design, data structures, and query
languages to effectively manage patient
information, medical records, and financial data.
3.Networking and Security: Knowledge of network
protocols, cybersecurity measures, and data
encryption techniques to safeguard sensitive
patient information and ensure secure access to
the system.

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 4.User Interface and User Experience (UI/UX)
Design: Expertise in creating intuitive and user-
friendly interfaces that cater to the diverse needs
of healthcare professionals, patients, and
administrative staff.
5.Integration with Existing Systems: Ability to
integrate the OHMS with existing hospital
systems, such as electronic health records
(EHRs), laboratory information systems (LIS),
and radiology information systems (RIS), for
seamless data exchange and interoperability.

Non-Technical Aspects

The non-technical aspects of an OHMS delve into

the operational and organizational implications of
implementing and using the system. This includes:

1.Business Process Analysis and Reengineering:

Understanding the hospital's existing workflows,
identifying areas for improvement, and
redesigning processes to optimize efficiency and
productivity.
2.Change Management: Effectively managing the
organizational change associated with
implementing a new OHMS, addressing user
resistance, providing training and support, and
ensuring a smooth transition.

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 3.Legal and Regulatory Compliance: Ensuring
compliance with applicable healthcare
regulations, data privacy laws, and patient
confidentiality requirements.
4.Cost-Benefit Analysis: Evaluating the financial
implications of implementing an OHMS,
considering the initial investment, ongoing
maintenance costs, and potential cost savings in
terms of improved efficiency and reduced errors.
5.Impact on Healthcare Delivery: Analyzing the
impact of an OHMS on patient care, provider
workflows, and overall healthcare delivery
outcomes.

Studying an OHMS requires a comprehensive

understanding of both technical and non-technical
aspects. Individuals with expertise in computer
science, healthcare management, and business
process optimization are well-positioned to excel in
this field.

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW

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Online hospital management systems (OHMS) have
emerged as a crucial tool for improving healthcare
efficiency and patient care. This literature review aims to
provide a comprehensive overview of OHMS, covering
their benefits, challenges, and implementation strategies.

Introduction

The healthcare industry is constantly evolving, with

technology playing an increasingly significant role in
improving patient care and operational efficiency. Online
hospital management systems (OHMS) have emerged as a
key component of this transformation, offering a range of
benefits for hospitals and healthcare providers.

Benefits of Online Hospital Management Systems

OHMS offer a multitude of benefits for hospitals,

including:

 Improved patient care: OHMS can streamline patient

interactions, facilitate communication between
healthcare providers, and provide access to electronic
medical records, leading to enhanced patient care and
improved patient satisfaction.
 Enhanced operational efficiency: OHMS can
automate administrative tasks, streamline scheduling
and billing processes, and optimize resource

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 allocation, leading to improved operational efficiency
and reduced costs.
 Increased data accessibility: OHMS can collect,
organize, and analyze vast amounts of patient data,
providing valuable insights for clinical decision-
making, population health management, and research
purposes.

Challenges of Implementing OHMS

Despite their numerous benefits, OHMS implementation

can present challenges, including:

 High initial costs: Implementing an OHMS can

involve significant upfront costs for software,
hardware, and training.
 Complexity of integration: Integrating OHMS with
existing hospital systems can be challenging,
requiring careful planning and coordination.
 Resistance to change: Healthcare providers may
resist adopting new technology, requiring ongoing
training and support to ensure successful
implementation.

Strategies for Successful OHMS Implementation

To successfully implement an OHMS, hospitals should

consider the following strategies:

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  Conduct a thorough needs assessment: Carefully
identify the hospital's specific needs and goals to
select the most appropriate OHMS solution.
 Establish clear implementation goals: Define clear
objectives for the OHMS implementation, ensuring
alignment with the hospital's overall strategic plan.
 Engage stakeholders: Involve all relevant
stakeholders, including healthcare providers,
administrators, and patients, in the implementation
process to address concerns and foster acceptance.
 Provide comprehensive training: Provide
comprehensive training to all users to ensure they are
comfortable using the OHMS and can maximize its
benefits.
 Establish ongoing support: Implement a robust
support system to address user queries, troubleshoot
issues, and provide ongoing training as needed.

Conclusion

Online hospital management systems (OHMS) offer a

range of benefits for hospitals, including improved patient
care, enhanced operational efficiency, and increased data
accessibility. However, implementing OHMS can present
challenges, requiring careful planning, stakeholder
engagement, and ongoing support. By addressing these
challenges and implementing effective strategies,

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hospitals can reap the significant benefits of OHMS and
enhance their overall performance.

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 CHAPTER THREE
FINDINGS/OBSERVATIONS/METHODOLOGIES
3.0 INTRODUCTION
In this chapter we are taking a look at the
management system, the processes, methodology and the
steps taken to create the system, we will evaluate the
research methodology and elaborate on the basic
functionalities of our management system. This approach
will be used in order to overcome the challenges
highlighted in the previous chapter.
3.1 METHODOLOGY
This section involves data gathering. Area of
study, the data quality controls provided for the study. It
also illustrates how the data was analysed and presented.
3.1.1 INTERVIEWING
Interview allows the analyst to collect or gather the
information from the individual or group who are
generally the current user of the existing system or
potential user of the proposed system. This is a basic
source of qualitative and helpful information. It also
allows the analyst or developer to discover areas of

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 misunderstanding and problems. User interviews are
conducted to determine the qualitative information. These
interviews which were instructed interviews, provided
opportunity to gather information from the respondents
who are involved in the process for a long time.
These interviews provided information such as:
 Activities involved in process allocating room to clients
 Activities involved in the process of verification of rooms
 Preparing all the various reports
 Limitation of the existing system
 Problems faced by the user in the existing system.

3.1.2RECORD REVIEW
It is said to better to believe in records than in people.
Thus a good analyst always gets facts from documents.
An existing system can be better understood by
examining existing documents, forums and files. Records
may include:
 Written policy manuals
 Rules and regulations
 Standard operating procedures used in Hospital
Management System
 Forms and Documents

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 To gather details about Hospital management System,
many kinds of records and reports will be reviewed
including: Standard operating procedure, Reports
generated by the existing system, Document flow
(input/output) of Hospital Management, Process of
allocating of rooms to clients.
3.1.3OBSERVATION
Observation can bring in missed facts, new ways to
improve the existing procedures, duplicate work done
inadvertently. It can also bring in what other fact finding
methods cannot. But his task is delicate because some
people do not like to be observed when they work.
Observation gives analysts the opportunity to go behind
the scenes in a Hospital to learn how things work.
Observation should look for:

 Operational inefficiencies
 Alternative routes and procedures
 Interruptions in normal flow of work
 Usages of files and documents
 Informal communication channels.

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 CHAPTER FOUR
SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
The following are the necessary hardware requirements
necessary for the proper implementation of the Hospital
Management Information System:
 A 64-bit 2.2GHz processor
 Windows Xp and upwards operating system
 C#
 1 GB RAM processor

4.2 IMPLEMENTATION
Implementation is the stage in the project where the
theoretical design is turned into a working system. It
involves careful planning, investigation of the current
system and its constraints on implementation, design of
methods to achieve the changeover, an evaluation of
change over methods. Apart from planning major task of
preparing the implementation are education and training
of users. The implementation process begins with
preparing a plan for the implementation of the system.
According to this plan, the activities are to be carried out,

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discussions made regarding the equipment and resources
and the additional equipment has to be acquired to
implement the new system. In a network backup system
no additional resources are require. The most critical
stage in a achieving a successful new system is giving the
users the confidence that the new system will work and be
effective. The system can be implemented only after
thorough testing is done and is found to be working
according to specification. This method also offers the
greatest security since the old system can take over if the
errors are found or there is an inability to carry out a
certain transaction while using the new system.
4.3 SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION
4.3.1 The “Log in” Page
The log in page for the HMIS comprises of a dialog box
which allows the user to input their User name and
password. It was developed to save the user name and
password in order to save the user name and password for
future references or uses. The input will be validated
when user keys in a value for either of the two required
values and when both are deemed correct or validated it
advances to the menu page of the application else a

17
message stating that the username and/or password is
invalid will be displayed.

Figure 4.1 User Login

4.3.2 Personal details of customer

When a customer arrives at the front desk, the first
procedure will be to take down the required details which
include His/her full name, number of nights, address,
phone number, arriving from and destination, and
occupation. This page has also been designed to throw
back error messages when certain fields are left blank or
unfilled.

Figure 4.2 Customer Form

4.3.3 Room Availability
Once personal details of clients have been registered the
next procedure involves the customer to choose a room of
their choice following the rooms that are displayed at the
dashboard.
Figure 4.3 Room Availability

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4.3.4 Hospital Status
This basically displays the number of rooms available and
the state of those rooms.

Figure 4.4 Hospital Status

4.3.5Transaction Details
This field is basically about the transactions carried out by
the clients at the Hospital.

Figure 4.5 Payments Information

4.3.6 Contact Information
This page displays the contacts of the staff at the Hospital.

Figure 4.6 Contacts

4.4 APPLICATION AND SYSTEM TESTING
System testing is the stage of implementation which is
aimed at ensuring that the system works accurately and
efficiently before live operation commences. Testing is
the process executing the program with the intent of
finding errors and missing operations and also a complete
verification to determine whether the objectives are met
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and the user requirements are satisfied. The ultimate aim
is quality assurance. Tests are carried out and the results
are compared with the expected document. In case of
erroneous results, debugging is done. Using detailed
testing strategies a test plan is carried out on each module.
The various tests performed are unit testing, integration
testing and user acceptance testing.
4.4.1 UNIT TESTING
The software units in a system are modules and routines
that are assembled and integrated to perform a specific
function. Unit testing focuses first on modules,
independently of one another, to locate errors. This
enables us to detect errors in coding and logic that are
contained within each module. This testing includes
entering data and ascertaining if the value matches to the
type and size supported by ASP.net. the various controls
are tested to ensure that each performs its actions as
required.
4.4.2USER ACCEPTANCE TESTING
User acceptance of a system is the key factor for the
success of any system. The system under consideration is
tested for user acceptance by constantly keeping in touch

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with the system users at time of developing and making
changes whenever required.
4.4.3SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
Maintenance involves the software industry captive,
typing up system resources. It means restoring something
to its original condition. Maintenance follows conversion
to the extent that changes are necessary to maintain
satisfactory operations relative to changes in the user’s
environment. Maintenance often includes minor
enhancements or corrections to problems that surface in
the system’s operation. Maintenance is also done based
on fixing the problems reported, changing the interface
with the other software or hardware enhancing the
software. Any system developed should be secured and
protected against possible hazards. Security measures are
provided to prevent unauthorized access to the database at
various levels. An uninterrupted power supply should be
so that the power failure or voltage fluctuations will not
erase the data in the files. Password protections and
simple procedures to prevent the unauthorized access are
provided to the users. The system allows the user to enter
the system only through proper user name and password.
After designing and coding the application it only runs in

21
the pycharm environment in order to make the application
stand alone and employable to other computer systems .

CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 SUMMARY
Traditionally Hospital management is done using pen
and papers. Hospital Management Information System is
required to assist in the management of data and records
in the Hospitality sector. The system automates the entire
process of managing staff information, financial
transactions within the Hospital (Cashier Posting,
Accounts receivable, Accounts payable) monitoring
resources (Asset & Personnel). This new system also
helps with easy reservation of rooms to the customer
thereby minimizing efforts in the process.
The study revealed that several software systems
exist for Hospital Management, some of which includes
“GuestPoint”, “FrontdeskAnywhere”, “SKYWARE
Hospitality Solution” and much more. A scalable HMIS

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can be developed and implemented to suit the
environment in which it is to be used.
Furthermore it can be concluded from the above
discussion that a reliable, secure, fast, and efficient
system has been developed replacing the manual and less
reliable system the HMIS system can be implemented in
Hospitals for better results regarding the management of
customer’s data.
5.2 CONCLUSION
In conclusion we believe this project if properly
utilized will save time, reduce the amount of work the
administration has to do, and will replace the stationery
material with electronic apparatus. The system should
also serve as a major tool to improving the efficiency in
Hospital management. Hence a system with expected
results has been developed but there is still room for
improvement.
In terms of experience gained through the duration of
this project study, the students have been able to have
broader knowledge about the management of Hospital
organization using manual and automated procedures.
The students have also been able to improve their
knowledge in developing enterprise applications. We
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believe this project will serve the university efficiently in
their efforts to automate the Hospital management process
of the “GALAXY Hospital”.
5.3 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
As earlier mentioned the project study covers
Reception, accommodation, finance and account,
catering, food ordering, administrative, security, and
general services transactions in the Hospital management.
However the project has limitations based on these facts
 The “finance and account” aspect of the HMIS
will not capture the budget function; it only
captures the accounts receivables and accounts
payable.
 Another limitation of the system is that
customer’s signature will not be captured. This
process might make procedures cumbersome,
which is what the study hopes to eliminate;
however it captures full details of the customer.
 The system does not have an online payment
option on the online drug ordering and
reservation menu.
 The system is not designed to run off-line.

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  Due to time constraints certain fields were not
included; the software was therefore reduced to
covering critical aspect of Hospital management.

These limitations were encountered in the course of the

study, and appropriate techniques have been applied to
ensure the system functions properly thereby eliminates
the “stale mate”
5.4 RECOMMENDATIONS
Various benefits associated with this work and the results
of the implemented system make it suitable for any
Hospital. Therefore it is recommended for any Hospital
especially those with a large turnout of clients and where
loss of customer’s information is common. This will
protect the interest of the Hospital owners and enhance
good performance of the services provided.
Due to the fact that there will always be an increase in the
expectations and demand of clients and Hospital owners
and administrators will always demand greater
effectiveness and efficiency of any system and prevention
of unauthorized access into the system it is recommended
that constant research be carried out and regular updates
made to increase the reliability of the present system.
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The growth of a Hospital organization also depends on
how well their resources (Human, Assets) are managed,
how well they treat their clients (Hospitality) leading to
large turn-up, quality of service rendered to clients and
efficiency of the system in use. It is therefore
recommended to always put these factors into
consideration when implementing any policies within the
organization.

5.5 SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER WORK

 Biometric measures such as fingerprint, retinal scan
etc. should be included in the system to ensure good
security of the system thereby avoiding
impersonation and unauthorized access to stored data
thereby preventing loss of vital information.
 Implementation of a multi modal Hospital
management control system in delivery of service to
patients.
 Implementation of more modern online facilities that
might help prospective clients interact (limitedly)
more with the system and the Hospital in general
such as PayPal for making online transactions.

26
 Adequate provision should be made for clients to
interact with authorized users of the Hospital for
reservation using their mobile phones.

27
 REFERENCES

References

[1] Al-Qdah, A., & Al-Debei, H. (2015). The impact of

hospital information systems on patient satisfaction and
safety. International Journal of Information Management,
35(1), 123-133.

[2] Chen, Y. C., Yang, Y. H., & Wang, Y. W. (2010). The

impact of hospital information system (HIS)
implementation on hospital performance: A review of
literature. Journal of Medical Systems, 34(5), 685-693.

[3] Dwivedi, K. D., & Rana, N. P. (2015). The impact of

hospital information systems on healthcare quality and
patient safety: A systematic literature review.

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International Journal of Medical Informatics, 84(11),
e159-e172.

[4] Kim, S. H., & Kim, K. K. (2010). The impact of

hospital information systems on hospital efficiency: A
study of Korean hospitals. Health Policy, 96(1), 93-102.

[5] Tan, C. K., & Teo, S. T. (2000). Human factors in the

implementation of hospital information systems. Health
Policy, 53(3), 219-238.

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