Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 38 views

    Experiment 1

    Uploaded by

    prajwalwanjari5524
    The document describes an experiment to verify Bernoulli's theorem. The experiment uses an apparatus with a converging-diverging pipe section to demonstrate that the sum of pressure, velocity, and potential energy terms remains constant along a streamline, as stated by Bernoulli's theorem. Key steps of the procedure include measuring pressure and velocity values at different points along the pipe, calculating relevant energy terms, and plotting graphs to validate Bernoulli's assumptions. The results and discussion section analyzes whether the plotted data supports the theorem.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Experiment 1

    Uploaded by

    prajwalwanjari5524
    38 views4 pages
    The document describes an experiment to verify Bernoulli's theorem. The experiment uses an apparatus with a converging-diverging pipe section to demonstrate that the sum of pressure, velocity, and potential energy terms remains constant along a streamline, as stated by Bernoulli's theorem. Key steps of the procedure include measuring pressure and velocity values at different points along the pipe, calculating relevant energy terms, and plotting graphs to validate Bernoulli's assumptions. The results and discussion section analyzes whether the plotted data supports the theorem.

    Original Description:

    To study about

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document describes an experiment to verify Bernoulli's theorem. The experiment uses an apparatus with a converging-diverging pipe section to demonstrate that the sum of pressure, velocity, and potential energy terms remains constant along a streamline, as stated by Bernoulli's theorem. Key steps of the procedure include measuring pressure and velocity values at different points along the pipe, calculating relevant energy terms, and plotting graphs to validate Bernoulli's assumptions. The results and discussion section analyzes whether the plotted data supports the theorem.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    38 views4 pages

    Experiment 1

    Uploaded by

    prajwalwanjari5524
    The document describes an experiment to verify Bernoulli's theorem. The experiment uses an apparatus with a converging-diverging pipe section to demonstrate that the sum of pressure, velocity, and potential energy terms remains constant along a streamline, as stated by Bernoulli's theorem. Key steps of the procedure include measuring pressure and velocity values at different points along the pipe, calculating relevant energy terms, and plotting graphs to validate Bernoulli's assumptions. The results and discussion section analyzes whether the plotted data supports the theorem.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 4

    EXPERIMENT NO: 1

    AIM: To verify Bernoulli’s Theorem.

    OBJECTIVES:

    1. To demonstrate the variation of the pressure along a converging-diverging pipe section.


    2. The objective is to validate Bernoulli’s assumptions and theorem by experimentally proving that
    the sum of
    the terms in the Bernoulli equation along a streamline always remains a constant.

    APPARATUS REQUIRED: Apparatus for the verification of Bernoulli’s theorem and measuring
    tank with stop watch setup for measuring the actual flow rate.

    THEORY:

    Bernoulli’s equation states that: “In an ideal, incompressible fluid flow when the flow is steady and
    continuous, the sum of pressure energy, kinetic energy and potential energy is constant along a
    stream line”.

    Mathematical Representation,

    Where P/w is the pressure head


    V2/2g is the velocity head
    Z is the potential head.

    Assumptions: It may be mentioned that the following assumptions are made in the derivation of
    Bernoulli’s equation.

    1. The liquid is ideal and incompressible.


    2. The flow is steady and continuous.
    3. The flow is along the streamline, i.e. it is one-dimensional.
    4. The velocity is uniform over the section and is equal to the mean velocity.
    5. The only forces acting on the fluid are the gravity forces and the pressure forces.

    Rate of flow or Actual Discharge (Q):

    The water flowing through the section of a pipe or a channel under the steady state conditions is
    collected in a collecting tank for a known time t. The rise of water level in the collecting tank is
    noted down. The actual discharge is:
    Figure 1: Pressure head increases with decrease in velocity head.

    The Bernoulli’s equation forms the basis for solving a wide variety of fluid flow problems such as jets
    issuing from an orifice, jet trajectory, flow under a gate and over a weir, flow metering by obstruction meters,
    flow around submerged objects, flows associated with pumps and turbines etc.

    The equipment is designed as a self-sufficient unit it has a sump tank, measuring tank and a pump for water
    circulation as shown in Figure 2. The apparatus consists of a supply tank, which is connected to flow
    channel. The channel gradually contracts for a length and then gradually enlarges for the remaining length.

    Figure 2: Schematic of Experiment Set-up


    PROCEDURE

    1. Switch on the motor pump.


    2. once the Inlet tank, Perspex tube and outlet is filled then open the outlet valve once
    3. Record the piezometers readings from inlet section of the Perspex duct.
    4. Record the cross-sectional area of Perspex duct, at each of the piezometer tapping points.
    5. The datum head is treated as constant throughout the duct as the tube is horizontally placed.
    6. Turn off the gate valve to fill the measuring tank.
    7. Record the final height reached in measuring tank after 20 seconds.
    8. Calculate the flow rate, velocity, kinetic energy head and total energy head.
    9. Plot the graph of Kinetic energy head vs distance of Perspex tube.
    10. Plot the graph of kinetic energy head vs distance of Perspex tube.
    11. This procedure is repeated for other values of discharge.

    OBSERVATIONS TABLE

    Tank Level
    S. No. Time (sec.)
    H1 (cm.) H2 (cm)

    Total
    Distance x Discharge Velocity Velocity Piezometric
    Piezometer
    Area of Duct of tube ‘Q’ in ‘V’ in head in head in head
    No. (cm) 3
    (cm /sec) (cm/sec) (cm) (cm)
    ‘H’ (cm)
    SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:

    1. Discharge Q = A(H2-H1)/ t = ...................... cm3/sec

    2. Velocity V = Q/ A = .............. cm/sec, Where A is the cross sectional area of the fluid flow.

    3. Velocity head V2/2g = ......................................... cm

    4. Pressure head (actual measurement or piezometer tube reading)


    P/w = ............................................ cm
    5. Total Head H = Pressure head + Velocity Head =……………cm

    RESULT & DISCUSSION:


    Plot the graph between P/w and x.
    Plot the graph between V2/2g and x.

    PRECAUTIONS

    • Switch off the apparatus if power supply is less than 200 volts or more than 230 volts.
    • Always use clean water.
    • Keep apparatus free from dust.
    • To avoid unnecessary clogging of components run the pump at least once in fortnight.
    • While performing experiment always maintain the water in overhead tank.
    • After experiment is complete drain the apparatus and Switch Off the power supply
    • Avoid parallax error while noting down the reading from tubes.
    • Remove air-bubbles from all the piezometric tubes before performing the experiment.

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy