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    Intra Operative

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    jjf4708
    The document discusses intraoperative care during surgery. It covers maintaining patient safety, homeostasis, sterile techniques, and monitoring vital signs during procedures. Types of anesthesia covered include general anesthesia which causes unconsciousness through IV or inhalation methods, and regional anesthesia which causes localized numbness while remaining conscious through spinal, epidural, local, nerve block, or topical methods. Potential complications discussed include those from surgery, positioning, general anesthesia like malignant hyperthermia, and less common allergic reactions.

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    Intra Operative

    Uploaded by

    jjf4708
    31 views14 pages
    The document discusses intraoperative care during surgery. It covers maintaining patient safety, homeostasis, sterile techniques, and monitoring vital signs during procedures. Types of anesthesia covered include general anesthesia which causes unconsciousness through IV or inhalation methods, and regional anesthesia which causes localized numbness while remaining conscious through spinal, epidural, local, nerve block, or topical methods. Potential complications discussed include those from surgery, positioning, general anesthesia like malignant hyperthermia, and less common allergic reactions.

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    The document discusses intraoperative care during surgery. It covers maintaining patient safety, homeostasis, sterile techniques, and monitoring vital signs during procedures. Types of anesthesia covered include general anesthesia which causes unconsciousness through IV or inhalation methods, and regional anesthesia which causes localized numbness while remaining conscious through spinal, epidural, local, nerve block, or topical methods. Potential complications discussed include those from surgery, positioning, general anesthesia like malignant hyperthermia, and less common allergic reactions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    31 views14 pages

    Intra Operative

    Uploaded by

    jjf4708
    The document discusses intraoperative care during surgery. It covers maintaining patient safety, homeostasis, sterile techniques, and monitoring vital signs during procedures. Types of anesthesia covered include general anesthesia which causes unconsciousness through IV or inhalation methods, and regional anesthesia which causes localized numbness while remaining conscious through spinal, epidural, local, nerve block, or topical methods. Potential complications discussed include those from surgery, positioning, general anesthesia like malignant hyperthermia, and less common allergic reactions.

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    ANESTHESIOLOGY DEPARTMENT

    SURGERY BASIC

    Lecture Name
    Assist.L : Muayad Abd Al-jabbar
    Assist.L: Bahaa kareem
    Ali Adel
    INTRAOPERATIVE CARE
    Intraoperative Care
    The intraoperative period begins when the patient is
    admitted to the surgical suite and ends when the patient
    is transferred to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU).
    The purpose of intra-operative care is:
    • To maintain patient safety and comfort during surgical procedures.
    • Maintaining homeostasis during the procedure,
    • Maintaining strict sterile techniques to decrease the chance of cross-infection,
    • Ensuring that the patient is secure on the operating table,

    • Taking measures to prevent hematomas from safety strips or from positioning.


    ACTIVITIES
    • monitoring the patient's vital signs .
    • blood oxygenation levels.
    • fluid therapy.
    • medication transfusion.
    • anesthesia, radiography,
    • retrieving samples for laboratory tests
    TYPES OF ANESTHESIA

    1-General
    a. Loss of sensation and consciousness.
    b. Agent administered via IV or inhalation.
    c. Used for major surgery.
    Stages.
    Stage I: Beginning anesthesia, drowsiness,
    dizziness, and depressed pain sensation.
    Stage II: Excitement, spasmodic muscles,
    irregular breathing, intact swallowing
    reflexes, and possible vomiting.
    Stage III: Regular, rhythmic breathing;
    depressed
    reflexes and vital functions; relaxed skeletal
    muscles; constricted pupils; absent eyelid
    reflexes; and patient readiness for surgery.
    Stage IV: Complete respiratory depression;
    rapid, thread pulse.
    2- Regional anesthesia.
    a. Causes loss of sensation in a specific area while
    the patient remains conscious.
    b. Given via a catheter.
    Types regional anesthesia.
    1- Spinal.
    (a) Agent injected via a lumbar puncture
    into the cerebrospinal fluid in the
    subarachnoid space.
    (b) Blocks movement and sensation below
    the level of the injection. Uses: Surgical procedures
    in the lower abdomen, pelvis, or extremities.
    2- Epidural Agent injected via a catheter into the
    epidural space the catheter can be left in place and
    taped along the patient’s back and over the
    shoulder for easy access. Uses: Pain, postoperative
    analgesia, and cesarean and vaginal births.
    3-Local . Agent injected into a specific area.
    Uses: Minor procedures, such as suturing
    a laceration and biopsy.
    4- Nerve block. Injected into and around a nerve or
    group of nerves (plexus).
    Uses: Anesthetize the facial nerves, brachial plexus,
    and perineum for repair of an episiotomy.

    5-Topical. Agent is applied directly to the surface


    of the skin or mucous membranes.
    Uses: Reduce cutaneous neuropathic pain; limits
    pain of an injection.
    Complications Intra-operative
    1.Surgery related,
    2.Anesthesia related,
    3.Position related.
    Surgery and Position complications .
    • Increased body metabolism • Muscle rigidity,
    • Death may be caused by cardiac arrest
    • Brain damage • Internal hemorrhage, • Failure of other body
    systems. Hypovolemic shock (due to blood loss during surgery), •
    Injuries from poor positioning during surgery, • Infection of the
    surgical wound, • Fluid and electrolyte imbalances, • Aspiration
    pneumonia , • Blood clots, • Paralytic ileus (paralysis of the
    intestines, causing distention).
    Complications from General
    Anesthesia
    • Malignant hyperthermia: possible treatment
    with dantrolene.
    • Overdose
    • Unrecognized hypoventilation
    • One complication occurring during the intra-
    operative period that is not common but can
    be life threatening is an anaphylactic (allergic)
    reaction to anesthesia.
    • Complications of intubation

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