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Business Regulatory Framework (Maharana Pratap Group of Institutions)

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 IT SKILLS LAB PRACTICAL
KMBN 151
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF “MASTER IN
BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION ‘’

FROM
Dr. A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL
UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW UTTAR
PRADESH
SESSION 2022-23

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

Ms. NAMRATA SINGH
(HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT) KAPIL MAURYA
MBA(1st Semester)

MAHARANA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES

GAURA MOHANLALGANJ LUCKNOW

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sl Chapter Contents Page No

No
1. Chapter 1 Conceptual framework 3
2. Chapter 2 Windows & User Interface 21
3. Chapter 3 Word Processor Software 31
4. Chapter 4 Spread Sheet Software 37
5. Chapter 5 Presentation Software 55

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 CHAPTER –1

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK COMPUTER –

A programmable electronic device designed to accept data, perform prescribed mathematical

and logical operations at high speed, and display the results of these
operations. Mainframes, desktop and laptop computers, tablets, and smartphones are some
of the different types of computers: Analog computer and Digital computer .

COMPUTER HARDWARE –

Hardware represents the physical and tangible components of a computer, i.e.the components
that can be seen and touched. Hardware (sometimes abbreviated to HW) can be defined asthe

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physical components that a computer system needs to function. This distinguishes it from
software, which consists of written instructions that tell the physical components what to do.

Examples of Hardware are the following −

 Input devices− .keyboard, mouse, etc.

 Output devices−printer, monitor, etc.

 Secondary Storage devices−Hard disk, CD, DVD, etc.

 Internal components−CPU, motherboard, RAM, etc.

Input and Output Devices –

An input/ output device, often known as an IO device, is any hardware that allows a human
operator or other systems to interface with a computer. Input/ output devices, as the name
implies, are capable of delivering data (output) to and receiving data from a computer (input).

Input Devices –Some input devices are:

Keyboard -

The key board is an input device that allows you to enter letters, numbers and symbols
into your computer. The keyboard keys include the alphanumeric keys (letters and
numbers), numeric keypad (may not be available on netbooks/ laptops), special function
keys, mouse cursor moving keys, and status lights.

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Mouse-

The mouse is a small, movable device that lets you control arrange of things on a computer.
Most types of mouse have two buttons, and some will have a wheel in between the buttons. Most
types of mouse connect to the computer with a cable, and use the computer's power to work.

Joy stick –

A joystick is an input device that controls a character or machine in a computer program,

such as a plane in a flight simulator.

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Output Device –

An output device is any piece of computer hardware equipment which converts

information into a human- readable form. It can be text, graphics, tactile, audio, or video.
Examples include monitors, printers, speakers, headphones, projectors, GPS devices, optical
mark readers, and braille readers. Some output devices are :

Monitor-

A computer monitor is an output device that displays in format pictorial or text form.
A monitor usually comprises a visual display, some circuitry, a casing, and a power
supply....
Originally, computer monitors were used for data processing while television sets were used
for entertainment.

Printer –
A printer is a device that accepts text and graphic output from a computer and
transfers the information to paper, usually to standard-
size,8.5"by11"sheetsofpaper.Printersvaryinsize, speed, sophistication and cost.

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Speaker-

Speakers are used to connect to a computer to generate sound, which are one of the most
common output devices. Some speakers are designed to connect with any kind of sound
system, while some can be hooked up only with computers.

Projector-

A projector or image projector is an optical device that projects an image (or moving images)
onto a surface, commonly a projection screen. Video projectors are digital replacements for
earlier types of projectors such as slide projectors and overhead projectors.

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Storage Devices - Computer Storage Device Definition: A hardware device which can be used
to store digital data and applications which may be in the form of images, video, audio, etc. is
called a storage device. It is a key component of a computer and the hard drive is one of its
examples.

Types of storage devices –

1. Primary storagedevices

(i) RAM: It stands for Random Access Memory. It is used to store information that is used

immediately or we can say that it is a temporary memory. Computers bring the software
installed on a hard disk to RAM to process it and to be used by the user. Once, the
computer is turned off, the data is deleted. With the help of RAM, computers can
perform multiple tasks like loading applications, browsing the web, editing a spreadsheet,
experiencing the newest game, etc. It allows you to modify quickly among these tasks,
rememberingwhereyou’reinonetaskonceyouswitchtoadifferenttask.Itisalsousedto load and
run applications, like your spreadsheet program, answer commands, like all edits you
made within the spreadsheet, or to google between multiple programs, like once you left
the spreadsheet to see the email. Memory is nearly always being actively employed by
yourcomputer.Itrangesfrom1GB–32GB/64GBdependinguponthespecifications.There are
different types of RAM, although they all serve the same purpose,the most common ones
are:

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 SRAM: It stands for Static Random AccessMemory. It consists of circuits that retain
stored information as long as the power is supply is on. It is also known as volatile
memory. It is used to build Cache memory. The access time of SRAM is lower and it is
much faster as compared to DRAM but in terms of cost, it is costly as compared to
DRAM.
 DRAM: It stands for Dynamic Random Access Memory. It is used to stores binary
bits in the form of electrical charges that are applied to capacitors. The access time of
DRAM is slower as compare to SRAM but I t is cheaper than SRAM and has a high
packaging density.
 SDRAM: It stands for Synchronous Dynamic Random AccessMemory. It is faster than
DRAM. It is widely used in computers and others. After SDRAM was introduced, the
upgraded version of double data rate RAM, i.e., DDR1, DDR2, DDR3, and DDR4 was
entered into the market and widely used in home/ office desktops andlaptops.
(ii) ROM: It stands for Read- Only Memory. The data written or stored in these devices are
non- volatile, i.e, once the data is stored in the memory cannot be modified or deleted. The
memory from which will only read but cannot write it. This type of memory is non- volatile.
The information is stored permanently during manufacture only once. ROM stores
instructions that are used to start a computer. This operation is referred to asbootstrap. It is
also used in other electronic items like washers and microwaves. ROM chips can only store
few megabytes (MB) of data, which ranges between 4 and 8 MB per ROM chip. There are
two types ofROM:
 PROM: PROM is Programmable Read- Only Memory. These are ROMs that can be
programmed. A special PROM programmer is employed to enter the program on the
PROM. Once the chip has been programmed, information on the PROM can’t bealtered.
PROM is non- volatile, that is data is notlost when power is switched off.
 EPROM: Another sort of memory is that the Erasable Programmable Read- Only
Memory. It is possible to erase the info which has been previously stored on an EPROM
and write new data onto the chip.

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2. Magnetic StorageDevices
(i) Floppy Disk: It is also known as a floppy diskette. It is generally used on a personal
computer to store data externally. A Floppy disk is made up of a plastic cartridge and secures
with a protective case. Nowadays floppy disk is replaced by new and effective storage
devices like USB,etc.

(ii) Hard Disk: It is a storage device (HDD) that stores and retrieves data using magnetic
storage. It is a non- volatile storage device that can be modified or deleted n number of
times without any problem. Most of the computers and laptops have HDDs as their
secondary storage device. It is actually a set of stacked disks, just like photograph
records.
Ineveryharddisk,thedataisrecordedelectromagneticallyintheconcentriccirclesorwe can say
track present on the hard disk, and with the help of a head just like a phonograph arm(but
fixed in a position) to read the information present on the track. The read- write speed of
HDDs is not so fast but decent. It ranges from a few GBs to a few and more TB.
(iii) Magnetic Card: It is a card in which data is stored by modifying or rearranging the
magnetismoftinyiron-basedmagneticparticlespresentonthebandofthecard.Itisalso
knownasa swipecard.Itisusedlikeapasscode(toenterintohouseorhotelroom),credit card,
identity card,etc.
(iv) Tape Cassette: It is also known as a music cassette. It is a rectangular flat container
in which the data is stored in an analog magnetic tape. It is generally used to store audio
recordings.
(v) Super Disk: It is alsocalledLS-240andLS-120.ItisintroducedbyImationcorporation
anditispopularwithOEMcomputers.Itcanstoredataupto240MB.
3. Flash memoryDevices
It is a cheaper and portable storage device. It is the most commonly used device to store
data because is more reliable and efficient as compare to other storage devices. Some of the
commonly used flash memory devices are:

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(i) Pen Drive: It is also known as a USB flash drive that includes flash memory with an
integrated USB interface. We can directly connect these devices to our computers and
laptops and read/ write data into them in a much faster and efficient way. These devices
are very portable. It ranges from 1GB to256GB generally.

(ii) SSD: It stands for Solid State Drive, a mass storage device like HDDs. It is more
durable because it does not contain optical disks inside like hard disks. It needs less
power as compared to hard disks, is lightweight, and has 10x faster read and write speed
as compared to hard disks. But,these are costly as well. While SSDs serve an equivalent
function as hard drives, their internal components are much different.Unlikeharddrives,
SSDs don’t have any moving parts and thus they’re called solid- state drives. Instead of
storing data on magnetic platters, SSDs stored at a using non-volatile storage. Since
SSDs haven’tanymovingparts,theydonotneedto“spinup”.Itrangesfrom150GBtoafewand
more TB.
(iii) SD Card: It is known as a Secure Digital Card. It is generally used with electronic
devices like phones, digital cameras, etc. to store larger data. It is portable and the size
of the SD card is also small so that it can easily fit into electronic devices. It is available in
differentsizeslike 2GB,4GB,8GB,etc.
(iv) Memory Card: It is generally used in digital cameras. printers, game consoles, etc. It is
also used to store large amounts of data and is available in different sizes. To run a memory
card on a computer you require a separate memorycard reader.
(v) Multimedia Card: It is also known as MMC. It is an integrated circuit that is
generally used in-carradios, digital cameras, etc. It is an external device to stored at
a/information.
4. Optical StorageDevices
Optical Storage Devices is also a secondary storage device. It is a removable storage device.
Following are some optical storage devices:

(i) CD: It is known as Compact Disc. It contains tracks and sectors on its surface to store
data. It is made up of polycarbonate plastic and is circular in shape. CD canstore data up to
700MB. It is of two types:

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 CD-R:It stands for Compact Disc read-only. In this type of CD, once the data is
written cannot be erased. It is read-only.
 CD-RW: It stands for Compact Disc read Write. In this type of CD, you can easily
write or erase data multiple times.
(ii) DVD: It is known as Digital Versatile Disc. DVDs are circular flat optical discs used
to storedata.Itcomesintwodifferentsizesoneis4.7GBsingle-layerdiscsandanotheroneis
8.5GB double-layer discs. DVDs look like CDs but the storage capacity of DVDs is
more than as compared to CDs. It is of two types:
 DVD-R: It stands for Digital Versatile Disc read-only. In this type of DVD, once the
data iswrittencannotbeerased.Itisread-only.Itisgenerallyusedtowritemovies,etc.
 DVD- RW: It stands for Digital Versatile Disc read Write. In this type of DVD, you
can easily write or erase data multipletimes.
(iii) Blu- ray Disc: It is just like CD and DVD butthe storage capacity of bluray is up to 25GB.
To run a Blu- ray disc you need a separate Blu- ray reader. This Blu- ray technology is used
to read a disc from a blue- violet laser due to which the information is stored in greater density
with a longerwavelength.
5. Cloud and VirtualStorage
Nowadays, secondary memory has been upgraded to virtual or cloud storage devices. We
can store our files and other stuff in the cloud and the data is stored for as long aswe pay for
the cloud storage. There are many companies that provide cloud services largely Google,
Amazon, Microsoft, etc. We can pay the rent for the amount of space we need and we get
multiple benefits out of it. Though it is actually being stored in a physical device located in the
data centers of the service provider, the user doesn’t interact withthe
physicaldeviceanditsmaintenance.Forexample,Amazon WebServicesoffersAWSS3as a type
of storage where users can store data virtually instead of being stored in physical hard drive
devices. These sorts of innovations represent the frontier of where storagemediagoes.

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Software-

Software comprises the entire set of programs, procedures, and routines associated with
the operation of a computer software. The term was coined to differentiate these
instructions from hardware—i.e. the physical components of a computer system. A set of
instructions that directs a computer’s hardware to perform a task is called a program, or
software program. The two types of software are –

1- System Software
2- Application Software

System Software-
System software is a type of computer program that is designed to run a computer's
hardware and application programs. If we think of the computer system as a layered
model, the system software is the interface between the hardware and user applications.
System software is used to manage the computer itself.

Application Software –

In information technology, an application (app), application program or application software

is a computer program designed to help people perform an activity. Some application
packages focus on a single task, such as word processing; others, called integrated software
include several applications. Applications software is capable of dealing with user inputs
and helps the user to complete the task. It is also called end-user programs or only an app.
Some examples of Application Software are Word processing software, Spreadsheets
Software, Presentation, Graphics, CAD/CAM, Sending email etc.

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 Language –
The computer language is defined as code or syntax which is used to write programs or
Any specific applications. The computer language is used to communicate with
computers. Broadly the computer language can be classified into three categories
assembly language, machine language, and high-level language. The machine language
is considered as oldest computer language among all three. In machine language, the
input is directly given as binary input which is processed by the machine. Binary inputs
mean one and zero form. For computer language processing the system needs compiler
and interpreter to convert the language in computer language so that it can be processed
by a machine.

Operating System –

An operating system (OS) is the program that, after being initially loaded into the
computer by a boot program, manages all of the other application programs in a
computer. The application programs make use of the operating system by making
requests for services through a defined application program interface (API). In addition,
users can interact directly with the operating system through a user interface, such as a
command-line interface(CLI) or a graphical UI (GUI). An operating system (OS) is
system software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides
common services for
computer programs.

Advantages of using operating system –

 User Friendly. The interface provided by the GUI is much more user friendly compared
to a command line interface.
 Security.Itisaresponsibilityofanoperatingsystemtomakesureeachdatapresentinsidethem is
secure.
 Sharing Resources.
 Hardware Accessibility.

 Multitasking.

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 Disadvantages of using operating system –
 Cost. Unless it is an open source operating system, generally all other platforms are
considered to be expensive.
 Reliability. An operating system is a vital software for any computer.
 Complexity
 Fragmentation.
 Virus Attacks.

GUI (Graphical User Interface)-

A graphics- based operating system interface that uses icons, menus and
a mouse (to click on the icon or pull down the menus) to manage
interaction with the system. The graphical user interface is a form of
user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices
through graphical icons and audio indicator such as primary notation,
instead of text- based user interfaces, typed command labels or text navigation.

Network –

A computer network is a set of computers sharing

resources located on or provided by network
nodes. The computers use common
communication protocols over digital
interconnections to communicate with each other.

Types Of Network–

Local Area Network (LAN)

A Local Area Network (LAN) is a group of computer and

peripheral devices which are connected in a limited area
such as school, laboratory, home, and office building. It is a
widely useful network for sharing resources like files,
printers, games, and other application.
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 LAN network is to connect computers and a printer in someone’s home or office. In
general, LAN will be used as one type of transmission medium. It is a network
whichconsistsoflessthan5000interconnecteddevicesacrossseveralbuildings.

Wide Area Network (WAN)

WAN (Wide Area Network) is another

important computer network that which is
spread across a large geographical area.
WAN network system could be a
connection of a LAN
Which connects with other LAN’s using
telephone lines and radio waves. It is
mostly limited to an enterprise or an
organization.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

A Metropolitan Area Network or MAN is

consisting of a computer network across an entire
city, college campus, or a small region. This type of
network is large than a LAN, which is mostly limited
to a single building or site. Depending upon the type
of configuration, this type of network allows you to
cover an area from several miles to tens of miles.

Need of Network –

 COMMUNICATION. Everything, from the world wide web to online banking to multi player

computer games, depends on the ability of computers to communicate. ...

 ACCESSING RESOURCES....

 CENTRALISATION OF DATA....
 TRANSFER OF FILES....
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 INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY....

 LEISURE.

Internet –

The Internet is a vast network that connects computers all over the world. Through the
Internet, people can share information and communicate from anywhere with an Internet
connection.

Need of Internet-

 Uses of the Internet in Education....

 Internet Use to Speed Up Daily Tasks....

 Use of the Internet for Shopping....

 Internet for Research &Development....

 Business Promotion and Innovation....

 Communication....

 Digital Transactions....

 Money Management.

Basic Services Over Internet –

Internet services allows us to access huge amount of information such as texts , graphics ,
sound and software over the internet . Following table shows the four different categories of
Internet services …
S.N. Service description
1 Electronic mail –Used to send electronic messages over the internet .
2 Telnet- Used to log on to a remote computer that is attached to internet.
3 Newsgroup- Offers a forum for people to discuss topics of common
interests
4 Internet Relay Chat(IRC)–Allows the people from all over the

world to communicate in real times.

5 Mailings list–Used to organize group of internet users t o share common
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6 Internet Telephony (voll’)- Allows the internet users to talk across internet to
any PC equipped to receive the call .
7 Instant Messaging–Offers real time chat between individuals and group
of people . Ex Yahoo messenger , MSN messenger etc.

Web Browser –
"A web browser, or simply 'browser,' is an application used to access and view websites.
Common web browsers include Microsoft Edge, Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Mozilla
Firefox, and Apple Safari etc .’’

Multimedia

The word 'Multimedia' is a combination of two words, 'Multi' and 'Media'. Multi means
many and media means material through which something can be transmitted or send.
Multimedia combined all the media elements like text and graphics to make the information
more effective and attractive. Now I am going to write about its components.

Application of Multimedia

Nowadays the application of Multimedia is observed in various fields such as Education,

Entertainment, Business and so on. To communicate the message in the form of picture,
sound, video, animation is the primary role of multimedia. Some of the application of
multimedia are as follows:

1) Multimedia in Education: Multimedia is becoming popular in the field of education. It

is commonly used to prepare study material for the students and also provide them proper
understanding of different subjects. Nowadays Edutainment, a combination of Education
and Entertainment has become very popular. This system provides learning as well as
provides entertainment to the user.

2) Multimedia in Entertainment: Computer graphics techniques are now commonly used

in making movies and games. this increase the growth of multimedia.
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i) Movies: Multimedia used in movies gives a special audio and video effect. Today
multimedia has totally changed the art of making movies in the world. Difficult effect,
action are only possible through multimedia.
ii) Games: Multimedia used in games by using computer graphics, animation, videos have
changed the gaming experience. Presently games provides fastaction,3-Deffectsandhigh
quality sound effects which is only possible through multimedia.
3) Multimedia in Business: Today multimedia is used in every aspect of business. These
are some of the applications:

i) Videoconferencing: This system enables to communicate using audio and video

between two different locations through their computers. When the information is sent
across the world, this technology provides cost-benefits to the business which saves their
time, energy and money.

ii) Marketing and Advertisement: Nowadays different advertisement and marketing

ideas about any product on television and internet is possible with multimedia.

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 Chapter -2

Windows and User

Interface

Introduction to Windows -
Windows is a graphical operating system developed by Microsoft. It allows users to view
And store files, run the software, play games, watch videos, and provides a way to
connect to the internet. It was released for both home computing and professional works.
Microsoft introduced the first version as 1.0
It was released for both home computing and professional functions of Windows on 10
November1983. Later, it was released on many versions of Windows as well as the current
version, Windows10.

In 1993, the first business- oriented version of Windows was released, which is known as
Windows NT 3.1. Then it introduced the next versions, Windows 3.5, 4/ 0, and Windows 2000.
When the XP Windows was released by Microsoft in 2001, the company designed its various
versions for a personal and business environment. It was designed based on standard x 86
hardware, like Intel and AMD processor. Accordingly, it can run on different brands of
hardware, such as HP, Dell, and Sony computers, including home- built PCs.

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 User

Graphical user interface

Display Server

Kernel

Hardware

Graphical user interface (GUI) -

GUI is the acronym for graphical user interface—the interface that allows users to interact
with electronic devices, such as computers, laptops, smartphones and tablets, through
graphical elements. It’s a valuable part of software application programming in regards to
human- computer interaction, replacing text- based commands with user- friendly actions. Its
goal is to present the user with decision points t h at th aar emeoaus syet o find, understand and
use. In other words, GUI lets you control your device with pen or even your finger.

Programs that use GUI are known as “GUI pro

grams.” The pro gram creates small pictures of

tasks or functions and waits for the user to interact with them. The user controls when and

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how they will be used.

To select functions, users can either use keyboard, pointing device,

such as a mouse, touchpad or touchscreen depending on the device.

Elements in graphical user interface-

Graphical User Interface makes use of visual elements mostly. These elements define the
appearance of the GUI. Some of these are described in detail as follows −

Window
This is the element that displays the information on the screen. It is very easy to
manipulate a window. It can be opened or closed with the click of an icon. Moreover ,it
can be moved to any area by dragging it around. In a multitasking environment, multiple
windows can be open at the same time, all of them performing different tasks.

There are multiple types of windows in a graphical user interface, such as container window,
browser window, text terminal window, child window, message window etc.

Menu
A menu contains al is a choices and it allows users to select one from them. A menu bar is
displayed horizontally across the screen such as pull down menu. When any option is
clicked in this menu, then the pull down menu appears.

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Another type of menu is the context menu that appears only when the user performs a
specification. An example of this is pressing the right mouse button. When this is done, a
menu will appear under the cursor.

Icons
Files, programs, web pages etc. can be represented using a small picture in a graphical user
interface. This picture is known as an icon. Using an icon is a fast way to open documents, run
programs etc. because clicking on them yields instant access.

Controls
Information in an application can be directly read or influences using the graphical control
elements. These are also known as widgets. Normally, widgets are used to display lists of
similar items, navigate the system using links, tabs etc. and manipulating data using check
boxes, radio boxes etc.

Tabs
A tab is associated with a view pane. It usually contains a text label or a graphical icon.
Tabs are sometimes related to widgets and multiple tabs allow users to switch between
different widgets. Tabs are used in various web browsers such as Internet Explorer, Firefox,
Opera, Safari etc. Multiple web pages can be opened in a web browser and users can switch
between them using tabs.

Features of GUIs-
They are much easier to use for beginners.
They enable you to easily exchange information between software using cut and paste or 'drag
and drop'.

They use a lot of memory and processing power ....

They can be irritating to experienced users when simple tasks require a number of
operations.

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Mouse -

The mouse is a small, movable device that lets

you control a range of things on a computer.
Most types of mouse have two buttons, and
some will have a wheel in between the buttons.
Most types of mouse connect to the computer
with a cable, and use the computer's power to
work. Some types of mouse are wireless.

Functioning of a mouse -

1- Place the mouse on a clean, smooth surface, preferably a mousepad. This allows the
mouse to move without interference. You may have issues with the mouse if it is not on
a mousepad, such as it not scrolling smoothly.

2- Grip the mouse lightly in your dominant hand. You don’t want to hang on to the mouse
too tightly or click with a lot of force. Keep your fingers relaxed, and keep the mouse at
elbow level. If your fingers become tired, take breaks from the computer.

3- PluginthemousewithitsUSBconnector.Yourmousewillhaveacableextendingfromit,
oritwillcomewithasmallUSBconnectorifitiswireless.USBportsarelocatedindifferent areas
for every computer, but in general, laptops will have USB ports on the left or right side of
the keyboard; most desktops will have a USB on the front or back of the computer or
either side of the monitor.

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Look for a small square port about the size of your USB connector.
Insert the USB connector. Flip the USB connector upside down if it does not fit the first
time, but never force the USB connector in.

4- Connect the mouse via Bluetooth if necessary. Plug the Bluetooth transceiver into a USB
port, then press and hold the connect button on the USB transceiver for five seconds. Next,
the connection wizard will pop up, so follow the instructions in the wizard to connect your
device.

5- Make sure the mouse is working. Your computer should be on, and you should see a
cursor on the screen you can control by moving your mouse. If the mouse isn’t working,
try plugging it into a different USB port or plugging it in again. Also, make sure a
wireless mouse is on and has batteries.

6- Practice clicking with the mouse. The left button is the primary button for right-handed
users, and the right button is the primary button for left-handed users. Click the primary
button once to click on something and twice in a row to “double click” on a program or
menu. When clicking the non-primary button, this is called “right clicking.” Single-
clicking of ten selects an item or opens a menu. Double- clicking often opens items or
folders.

Right- clicking usually displays a list of things you can do with a selected item.
7- Practice scrolling and dragging items with the mouse. Move the wheel with your pointer
finger to scroll up and down pages. To drag an object, place the cursor on it, then press and
hold down the primary button, and move the mouse to a new location. Release the primary
button once you are done.

8- Customize the mouse as needed. You can change how quickly your mouse pointer moves
on the screen, change the mouse’s primary buttons if you’re left- handed, and even change
the pointer’s appearance. Go to the settings on your PC to do thi

Windows Explorer –

Windows Explorer is the file manager used by Windows 95 and later versions. It allows users to
manage files, folders and network connections, as well as search for files and related
components. Windows
ExDpolwonrloeardhedasbyaMlsaotrixgBrouiwldcnarteo(msuatpripxbouriltdcnaerew@gfemaatilu.croems)
unrelated to file
management such as playing audio and videos and launching programs, etc. The desktop
and the taskbar also form part of Windows Explorer. The look, feel and functionalities of
Windows Explorer have been enhanced with each version of Windows.

Starting with Windows 8.0, Windows Explorer has been called File Explorer.

Libraries –
In computer programming, a library refers to a collection of files, programs, routines, scripts, or
functions that can be referenced in the programming code. These libraries are more complex
than routines, optimized, and may even be designed by the same programmers behind the
programming language.

Default –
In computer technology, a default (noun, pronounced dee- FAWLT )is a predesigned value
or setting that is used by a computer program when a value or setting is not specified by the
program user.............The program is said to default when it uses a default value or setting.

File –
A file is the common storage unit in a computer, and all programs and data are "written"
into a file and "read" from a file. A folder holds one or more files, and a folder can be empty
until it is filled. A folder can also contain other folders, and there can be many levels of
folders within folders.

Folder –
In computers, a folder is the virtual location for applications, documents, data or other sub-
folders. Folders help in storing and organizing files and data in the computer. The term is
most commonly used with graphical user interface operatingsystems.

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Concept of menu -

A menu provides the user with various options or selections for accessing features.
Compared to other interfaces, they are easier to operate for users. They are organized and
allow navigation through the different levels of the structure. Menus can also be
structured into sub-menus. Often the item in the menu is selected by highlighting it with
the help of the keyboard, mouse, joystick or other input devices. Menus can be
implemented in many ways, such as text-based menus, pull-down menus, pop-up menus,
context-based menus or even based on a combination or text and symbols.

Menu-

Driven applications are generally considered to be more user-friendly. They are more
flexible and provide users a natural way to interact .All the possible selections are
presented to the user and the user needs not memorize options.

Notepad -
Notepad is a generic text editor included with all versions of Microsoft Windows that
allows you to create, open, and read plaintext files. If the file contains special formatting or
is not a plaintext file, it cannot be read in Notepad. The image shown here is a small
example of what the Notepad may look like while running.

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How to use Notepad -

1- Turn Notepad on in the Start menu. Select the

Start button on the taskbar and then choose
Notepad.

2- Find it by searching. ...

3- Open Notepad by right- clicking a blank area....
4- Press Windows(logo)+R, type notepad and then select OK.
5- Select Start.

Windows Accessories - The Accessories folder contains

traditional apps like Paint, Notepad,

Sticky Notes, Steps Recorder, Snipping Tool, etc. In this new

version of the OS, Microsoft has renamed the folder to
“Windows Accessories.”

Windows comes with several accessories, built- in programs that are extremely useful for
completing every day tasks.

One of the most useful features Windows offers is the ability to use data created in one file
in another file, even if the two files were created in different Windows programs. To work
with more than one program or file at a time, you simply need to open them on your
desktop.

A program button on the taskbar represents any window that is open on the desktop. When
you want to switch from one open window to another, click the program button on the
taskbar. If you tile, or arrange open windows on the desktop so that they are visible, you
can switch among them simply by clicking in the window in which you want to work.

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 Chapter – 3

Word Processor Software

Microsoft–

Microsoft Corporation, leading developer of personal- computer software systems and

applications. The company also publishes books and multimedia titles, produces its own line of
hybrid tablet computers, offers e- mail services, and sells electronic game systems and computer
peripherals (input/output devices).

Microsoft Word –

Microsoft Word is a word processing software developed by Microsoft. It was first released
on October 25, 1983, under the name MTWord in Xenix systems. Subsequent versions
were later written for several other platforms including IBM PCs running DOS(1983), Apple
Macintosh running the Classic MacOS (1985),AT&TUNIX PC(1985)
AtariST(1988),OS/2(1989),Microsoft Windows(1989),SCO Unix(1990), and MacOS (2001).

Commercial versions of Word are licensed as a standalone product or as a component of

Microsoft Office 365, or Microsoft 365 Premium subscription, Windows RT or the
discontinued Microsoft Works suite.

Starting of a document –

Step 1: To open Microsoft Word, click on the Windows Start Button at the bottom left- hand

side of the screen or bottom left- hand side on your keyboard.

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The following screen will appear:

Select Word from list on left as shown above.

Create a document
Step 2: Once Word has opened, go to the File menu (top left) and select 'new'

Step 3: You will see some templates displayed as well as a 'Welcome to Word' learning guide
but if you just want a plain document to work on, select 'Blank document'

Step 4: A new blank document will open up ready for you to start typing.

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Add and format text
Click in the top left corner and type some text.
To format, select the text and then select an option: bold, italic, underline, bullets, and more.

Open a Document –

Open the Microsoft Word program.

1. Click the File tab on the Ribbon and click the Open option.

2. If the Open window does not appear, click the Browse option to open that
window.
3. In the Open window, find and select the file you want to open in
Microsoft Word. You may need to click the drop- down list next to the
Filenametext field to change the file type, and then select open.

4. Click the Open button at the bottom right of the open window.

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 Save a document –
1- Make sure your document is open. You can open MS Word by double- clicking the
Word icon or by double- clicking a Word document.
2- Findthe"File"tabandclickonit."File"islocatedintheupperleft-handcornerofMicrosoft
Word's interface.

3- Click "Save"or "Save As". If you click "Save" on an unsaved document, you will
be redirected to the "Save As" menu.
 If the document has been previously saved, you won't have to select a save
destination (e.g., desktop) or a file name-- the existing file will simply be updated.
4- Under "Save As", decide on your save location. Typical locations include "This PC" and
OneDrive, but you can also click "Browse" to select a specific location.

 If you select "This PC", you will have to pick a subfolder-- your desktop, for example.
5- Double-click your save location. This will take you to the file name screen.

6- In the "File Name" field, type in your preferred filename.

7- 7- Click "Save" to save your file.

Print a Document -

1. Select File >Print.

2. To preview each page, select the forward and backward arrows at the bottom of the page.

If the text is too small to read, use the zoom slider at the bottom of the page to enlarge it.

3. Choose the number of copies, and any other options you want, and select the Print button.
Document templates and wizards-
Wizard and Templates

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TherearemanysuchprogramsinMSWordthathelpustodosomespecifictasksquickly, they
know our choice by asking many questions and do the work according to them. Such
programs are called Wizards.

Wizard-
Wizards are a feature that makes your complex tasks easier and guides you. Wizards aim to
make a step- by- step task by which any task can be easily done, for example, the process of mail
merge in MS Word. It is done by the wizard.

Template-
Templates, like design, are also a feature available in MS Word. Templates are a pre- made
format of a document that contains the necessary rules for formatting or preparing a document.
Choosing a template has all those rules on that document. For example, font, color,
background, style, table, text box, etc. are already set in the template, we just have to enter our
data.

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 Chapter –4

Spreadsheet Software

Spreadsheet –

Spreadsheet, computer program that represents information in a two-dimensional grid of data,

along with formulas that relate the data. Historically, a spreadsheet is an accounting ledger
page that shows various quantitative information useful for managing a business.

Spreadsheets are also invaluable in what- if computations. Once a set of formulas have
generated data in spreadsheet cells as functions of other cells, one can experiment by
changing one parameter, such as a part’s price, to observe its effect on a product’s cost.

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With appropriate forecasting formulas, the market for the product, and hence the total profit
at the old and new price, can then be projected. Used this way, spreadsheets serve the needs
of managers, economists, and anyone who works with relationships between types of
quantitative information

Since spreadsheets can be programmed, they can also be used for general computations.
They are used for modeling in science and engineering, and they are well suited to
educational uses—for example, to display the synthesis of sound from simple audio
Wave forms. Furthermore, since they are two-dimensional grids of cells, they can be
readily programmed as cellular automata, systems of cells whose state depends on the
states of their neighbors. American mathematician John H. Conway’s “Game of Life” is a
simple example, and other cellular automations can model complex physical or biological
processes.

Today spreadsheets for personal computers generally include the ability to convert data into
various types of graphs (such as pie charts and bar graphs) and are
often integrated with other software, such as word processors and database programs.

Microsoft Excel
Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet developed by Microsoft for Windows, MacOS, Android
and iOS. It features calculation or computation capabilities, graphing tools, pivot tables, and
a macroprogramminglanguagecalledVisualBasicforApplications.Excelformspartofthe
Microsoft Office suite of software.
How to use MS Excel- To use Excel, you only need to input the data in to the rows
and columns . And then you'll use formulas and functions to turn that data into
insights.
We're going to go over the best formulas and functions you need to know. But first, let's
take a look at the types of documents you can create using the software. That way, you have
an overarching understanding of how you can use Excel in your day- to- day.

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 Documents You Can Create in Excel
Not sure how you can actually use Excel in your team? Here is a list of documents you can
create

 Income Statements: You can use an Excel spreadsheet to track a company’s sales activity
and financial health.
 Balance Sheets: Balance sheets are among the most common types of documents you
can createwithExcel.Itallowsyoutogetaholisticviewofacompany’sfinancialstanding.
 Calendar: You can easily create a spreadsheet monthly calendar to track events or other
date- sensitive information.
Here are some documents you can create specifically for marketers.
 Marketing Budgets: Excel is a strong budget-keeping tool. You can create and track

marketing budgets, as well as spend, using Excel.

Marketing Reports: If you don’t use a marketing tool such as Marketing Hub, you might
find yourself in need of a dashboard with all of your reports. Excel is an excellent tool to
create marketing reports.

 Editorial Calendars: You can create editorial calendars in Excel. The tab format
makes it extremely easy to track your content creation efforts for custom time ranges.
 Traffic and Leads Calculator: Because of its strong computational powers, Excel is an
excellent tool to create all sorts of calculators — including one for tracking leads and
traffic. This is only a small sampling of the types of marketing and business documents you
can create in Excel. We’ve created an extensive list of Excel templates you can use right
now for marketing, invoicing, project management, budgeting, and more.

In the spirit of working more efficiently and avoiding tedious, manual work, here are a few
Excel formulas and functions you’ll need to know.

Excel Formulas
It’s easy to get overwhelmed by the wide range of Excel formulas that you can use to make
sense out of your data. If you’re just getting started using Excel, you can rely on the
following formulas to carry out some complex functions — without adding to the complexity
of your learning path.

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 Equal sign: Before creating any formula, you’ll need to write an equal sign (=) in the cell

where you want the result to appear.

 Addition: To add the values of two or more cells, use the sign. Example:=C5+D3.

 Subtraction: To subtract the values of two or more cells, use the -sign. Example:=C5-D3.

 Multiplication: To multiply the values of two or more cells ,use the*sign. Example:=C5*D3.

 Division: To divide the values of two or more cells, use the / sign. Example:=C5/D3.

Putting all of these together, you can create a formula that adds, subtracts, multiplies,
and divides all in one cell. Example:=(C5-D3)/((A5+B6)*3).
For more complex formulas, you’ll need to use parentheses around the expressions to avoid
accidentally using the PEMDAS order of operations. Keep in mind that you can use plain
numbers in your formulas.

Excel Functions
Excelfunctionsautomatesomeofthetasksyouwoulduseinatypicalformula.Forinstance, instead
of using the+sign to add up arrange of cells, you’d use the SUM function. Let’s look at a
few more functions that will help automate calculations and tasks.
 SUM:The SUM function automatically adds up arrange of cells or numbers. To complete
a sum, you would input the starting cell and the final cell with a colon in between.
Here’swhat that looks like: SUM(Cell1:Cell2).Example:=SUM(C5:C30).

 AVERAGE: The AVERAGE function averages out the values of a range of cells. The syntax
is the same as the SUM function: AVERAGE(Cell1:Cell2).Example:=AVERAGE(C5:C30).
 IF: The IF function allows you to return values based on a logical test. The syntax is as
follows:IF(logical_test,value_if_true,[value_if_false]).Example:=IF(A2>B2,"Over
Budget","OK").

 VLOOKUP: The VLOOKUP function helps you search for anything on your sheet’s rows.
The syntaxis:VLOOKUP(look up value, table array, column number, Approximate
match(TRUE) orExactmatch(FALSE)).Example:=VLOOKUP([@Atorney],tbl_Atorneys,4,FALSE).
 INDEX: The INDEX function returns a value from within a range. The syntax is
as follows: INDEX (array , rownum,[column_num]).

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 MATCH: The MATCH function looks for a certain item in arrange of cells and
returns the position of that item. It can be used in tandem with the INDEX function.
The syntax is: MATCH(lookup_ value, lookup_ array, [ match_ type] ).

 COUNTIF: The COUNTIF function returns the number of cells that meet a certain criteria
or have a certain value. The syntax is: COUNT IF(range,

criteria). Example: =COUNTIF(A2:A5,"London"

Opening of Excel –
1. Click on the Open button on the toolbar, or select File >Open....
2. Browse to the Excel file of interest and click Open.
3. Select the Worksheet to import.
Comment: If you cannot see all worksheets available in the file at this step, try saving
and closing the file in Excel before you open it in Spot fire.

4. Look at the Data preview and make sure that the format of your data looks OK.
5. If necessary, change any settings required to obtain the desired result.
Comment: For detailed information about the various settings, see Excel Import.

6. Click on Refresh.
Response: The Data preview field is updated.

7. When you are satisfied, click OK.

Navigating your worksheet –

1. To move from one worksheet to another in Excel, click the worksheet name tab of the
worksheet to view from the set of worksheet name tabs in the lower- left corner of the
workbook.
2. Alternatively, to move to the previous worksheet using a keyboard shortcut,
press“Ctrl” + “Page Up” on your keyboard.
3. Alternatively, to move to the next worksheet using a keyboard shortcut, press “Ctrl”+
“Page Down” on your keyboard.

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4. Onlyafteryouhaveworksheetnametabsthathaveslidunderneaththehorizontal scroll
bar can you then click the “Previous Sheet” and “Next Sheet” buttons to the left of the
worksheet name tabs to move the names of the worksheet tabs out from underneath the
horizontal scroll bar until you can see the one you want to view.
5. At that point, then click its worksheet name tab to view it.
6. Alternatively ,right- click either the “Previous Sheet” or “Next Sheet” buttons to select the
name of the worksheet to view from the “Activate” dialog box that appears.
7. After selecting the sheet name to view, then click the “OK” button to activate the selected
worksheet.

Worksheet and Cell –

In this guide, you will learn how to format Excel worksheets and cells in Microsoft Excel
2019. Raw data in Excel sheets is confusing, dull, and difficult to read and understand without
formatting. To make data look more interesting and descriptive, formatting is often used. A
good formatting method helps you to find meaning in the spreadsheet without the trouble of
going through each and every individual cell. Cells with good formatting will draw your
attention to the important cells automatically. There are various methods through which you
can format the cells in Excel 2019 version, as mentioned below:

 Font, font style, and font size

 Background color of the cell(s) and the color of the text in the cell
 Borders of the cell(s)
 Alignmentofthetextinthecell(s)(liketop,middle,bottom,left,right,andcenter
alignment)
 Text wrapping and orientation
To make any changes in the format of the cell, there are some basic steps. In order to
implement any formatting, select the cells that you want to format and right- click on the
mouse. A few options will appear, as shown below, in the image:

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SelecttheFormatCellsoptionfromthegivenchoicesandonenewdialogboxwillappear. Select the
Font option from the dialog box, as shown in the image below:

Font, Font Sty le, and Font Size

In order to change the font, font style, and font size, you need to change the format of the
cell(s). Consider the table given below:
A B C

Item Number Item Name Price of the

Item
1 Pen 10

2 Lunch Box 20

3 Bag 50

Changing Text Font

Consider an example where you need to change the font of the table headers. There are some
steps that you need to follow to change the font:

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  Step One: Select all the cells that contain the table header and it will look as in
the image given below:

 StepTwo:Right-clickthemouse->selectFormatCells->selectFont->select
the Arial Black option from Font -> click OK. It will look as in the image given below:

 Step Three: The resultant table will look as in the image given below:

Changing Text Font Style

Now, taking another example with the same table, you can change the font style of the table header.
There are similar steps that you will need to follow to change the font style:

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  Step One: Select all cells that contain the table header and it will look as in the
image given below:

 Step Two: Right-click the mouse->select FormatCells->selectFont->select

the Italic option from Font style ->click OK. It will look as in the image given below:

 Step Three: The resultant table will look as in the image given below:

Changing Text Font Size

In this sub- section, consider another example with the same table and change the font size of
the table header. There are similar steps that you will need to follow to change the font style:

 Step One: Select all the cells that contain the table header and it will look as in
the image given below:

 StepTwo:Righ t-clickthemouse-
>selectFormat Cells->selectFont-

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 >select the option from Font size->click OK. It will look as in the image
given below:

 StepThree: The resultant table will look as in the image givenbelow:

Background Color of the Cell(s) and the Color of the Text in the
Cell Changing the Background Color of a Cell
The default background color of a cell is White, whereas the default color of the text in a cell
is Black. Consider the following table for formatting:

A B C

Item Number Item Name Price of the

Item
1 Pen 10

2 Lunch Box 20

3 Bag 50

In order to change the background of the cell(s), you need to follow some steps mentioned
below:

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  Step One: Select the cell(s) as is shown in the image below:

 Step Two: Click on the Home tab.

 Step Three: Click the downward- pointing arrow that appears to the right of the Fill
Color icon and click the color that you want to apply as the background of the cell(s)
as shown in the imagebelow:

 StepFour:Afterclickingonthegreencolor,youwillhavethefinaltableasgiven
below:

Changing Text Color in a Cell

To change the text color in the cell(s), you need to follow similar steps:

 Step One: Selecting the cell(s) as shown in the imagebelow:

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  Step Two: Click on the Hometab.

 Step Three: Click the downward- pointing arrow that appears to the right of the Font
Color icon and click the color you want to apply as the text color in the cell(s) as
shown in the image below:

 StepFour:Afterclickingontheredcoloryouwillhavethefinaltableasgivenbelow:

Borders of the Cell(s)

Ithelpsinhighlightingthecell(s)andmakesitlookneat.Inordertoexplaintheprocessof formatting,
consider the table givenbelow:
A B C

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Item Item Price of the
Number Name Item
1 Pen 10

2 Lunch Box 20

3 Bag 50

You can add borders to the cell(s) by following the few steps mentioned below:

 Step One: Select one or morecells.

 Step Two: Click the Hometab.

 Step Three: Click the downward- pointing arrow to the right of the Border icon inthe

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 Font group. A few options will appear and you can select the type of border you
want to add to your cells, as shown in the image given below:

 StepFour:HeretheAllBorderoptionwasselectedandthefinaloutputtableisas shown
below:

Alignment of the Text in the Cell(s)

The alignment of the cell(s) refers to the way in which the content of the cell is aligned
with the edges of the cell. It helps with a better and clearer view of the data. To explain
the method of the alignment formatting, consider the following table:

A B C
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Item Item Price of the
Number Name Item
1 Pen 10

2 Lunch Box 20

3 Bag 50

Further, consider an example where you will learn to Center align the table headers.
There are a few steps that you need to follow to perform alignment formatting:

 Step One: Select the table headers as shown below:

 Step Two: Select the middle alignment in the home tab (pointed out by a red arrow),
as shown below in the image:

 Step Three: The final table will be as shown in the image given below:

Text Wrapping and Orientation

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While working in Excel, you may have stumbled upon a case when a certain text in a cell is
quite large than the column width and thus most of its portion gets hidden. To reveal the
complete text without altering the column width, you can rely on Excel's text wrapping
feature.
You can follow the steps mentioned below for text wrapping:
 Step One: Select the cell(s)that you want toformat.

 StepTwo:GototheHometab,thenintheAlignmentgroup,clickWrapText(pointed with
red arrow) asshown below in the image:

Formatting Numbers

Numbers are formatted in order to avoid confusion like whether the given number is
negative or positive, or if it represents currency, date, time, percentage, text, etc. To explain

the method of the number formatting, consider the following table:

A B C

Item Item Price of the

Number Name Item
1 Pen 10

2 Lunch Box 20

3 Bag 50

There are few steps mentioned below for formatting the column Price of the Item value into
a currency format:

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 Step One: Select the cell(s) C1:C3 as shown in the image below:

 StepTwo:Right-
clickthemousean dafewoptionswillappear,asshownint
heimage below:

 Step-Three: Select Format Cells and an new dialog box will open. Then
select the Number tab as shown below in the image:

 Step Four: Select Currency

under Category ->select
the value Two for Decimal

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 places->selectUSDvalueforSymbol->selectvalueUSD1,234.10forNegative
numbers ->click OK. These steps can be seen in the image given below:

 Step Five: The output table is given below:

A B C

Item Item Price of the

Number Name Item
1 Pen USD 10:00

2 Lunch Box USD 20:00

3 Bag USD 50:00

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 Chapter –5
Presentation Software
Microsoft PowerPoint–
PowerPoint gives you the ability to share your presentation with others in real time on
the web. You would supply the user with a link to the presentation. After selecting the
link, the user(s)will be able to follow you and your presentation online.

 Custom animation

 Add photos, videos and sound effects

 Save as a webpage

 Print presentations as handouts

 Embed YouTube videos

How to use PowerPoint–

Power Point (PPT)is a powerful, easy-to-usepresentationgraphicssoftwareprogramthat

allows you to create professional-looking electronic slideshows.

The image given below shows the main page of MS PowerPoint, where a person lands when
the program is opened on a computer system:

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Features of MS PowerPoint

There are multiple features that are available in MS PowerPoint which can customize and
optimize a presentation. The same have been discussed below.

 Slide Layout

Multiple options and layouts are available based on which a presentation can be created.
This option is available under the “Home” section and one can select from the multiple
layout options provided.

The image below shows the different slide layout options which are available for use:

 Insert–Clipart,Video,Audio,etc.

Under the “Insert” category, multiple options are available where one can choose what
feature they want to insert in their presentation. This may include images, audio, video,
header, footer, symbols, shapes, etc.

The image below shows the features which can be inserted:

 Slide Design

MS Power Point has various themes using which background color and designs or
textures can be added to a slide. This makes the presentation more colorful and attracts
the attention of the people looking at it.

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This feature can be added using the “Design” category mentioned on the homepage of MS
PowerPoint. Although there are existing design templates available, in case someone wants to
add some new texture or color, the option to customize the design is also available.
Apart from this, slide designs can also be downloaded online.
Refer to the below for slide design:

 Animations
During the slide show, the slides appear on the screen one after the other. In case, one
wants to add some animations to the way in which a slide presents itself, they can refer to

the “Animations” category.

The different animation styles available on PowerPoint are:

Apart from all these options; font size, font style, font color, word art, date and time, etc.
can also be added to a PPT.

Uses of PowerPoint Presentation

PowerPoint presentations are useful for both personal and professional usage. Given
below are a few of the major fields where PPT is extremely useful:

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 Education–With the-learning and smart classes being chosen as a common mode
of education today, PowerPoint presentations can help in making education more
interactiveandattractstudentstowardsthemodifiedversionofstudying

 Marketing–Inthefieldofmarketing,PowerPointpresentationscanbeextremely
important.Usinggraphsandcharts,numberscanbeshownmoreevidentlyand
clearly which may be ignored by the viewer if being read.

 Business–To invite investors or to show the increase or decrease in profits,

MS PowerPoint can be used.

 CreatingResumes–DigitalresumescanbeformedusingMSPowerPoint.Different
patterns, photograph, etc.can be added to the resume.

 Depicting Growth – Since both graphics and text can be added in a presentation,
depicting the growth of a company, business, student’s marks, etc. is easier using PPT.

Formatting and Editing–

1. Open the Microsoft PowerPoint presentation that you want to edit.

2. Choose from the following tasks:

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 Task Steps

a. Click the edit tab.

Edit text
b. Select the text that you want to edit.
c. Using the tools in the edit toolbar,
change the required formatting
including font style, paragraph
alignment, list formatting,
and indentation options.
Click the insert tab
Insert d.
images, e.
graphics, or Place your cursor where you want to

shapes add an image.

f. To add an image from your
computer, click Image.

g. Choose the image to add.

h. shape and line formatting tab.
i. Select the shape or line that you want to
Change Format format
j. Change the object's fill color, line
color, line weight, or line style
View slides k. Click the Slides tab
l. Scroll through the slides.

How to save a PowerPoint–

Downloaded by Matrix Buildcare (matrixbuildcare@gmail.com)
Downloaded by Matrix Buildcare (matrixbuildcare@gmail.com)
1- Design your PowerPoint presentation.
2- Create and edit your slideshow in PowerPoint. The template you
choose and additions you make do not affect the saving process in
anyway.
3- You don't have to wait until you're totally finished to save your work. It
can help to save along the way, too, to ensure you don't lose any
progress.
4- Open the File menu when you're ready to save
5- Choose the Save or Save As option.

6- Name and save your presentation.

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Downloaded by Matrix Buildcare (matrixbuildcare@gmail.com)