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CLASS X (2020-21)
SCIENCE (CODE 086)
SAMPLE PAPER-9

Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 80

General Instructions :
(i) The question paper comprises four sections A, B, C and D. There are 36 questions in the question paper. All
questions are compulsory.
(ii) Section–A – question no. 1 to 20 - all questions and parts thereof are of one mark each. These questions contain
multiple choice questions (MCQs), very short answer questions and assertion - reason type questions. Answers
to these should be given in one word or one sentence.
(iii) Section–B – question no. 21 to 26 are short answer type questions, carrying 2 marks each. Answers to these
questions should in the range of 30 to 50 words.
(iv) Section–C – question no. 27 to 33 are short answer type questions, carrying 3 marks each. Answers to these
questions should in the range of 50 to 80 words.
(v) Section–D – question no. 34 to 36 are long answer type questions carrying 5 marks each. Answer to these
questions should be in the range of 80 to 120 words.
(vi) There is no overall choice. However, internal choices have been provided in some questions. A student has to
attempt only one of the alternatives in such questions.
(vii)Wherever necessary, neat and properly labelled diagrams should be drawn.

or
Section A Name the various cells through which water moves
1. Give an example of a redox reaction. [1] upward to reach the leaves.
Ans : Ans :
Water absorbed by root hairs moves through
ZnO + C $ Zn + CO epidermis " root cortex " endodermis " root xylem
In this reaction, C is oxidised to CO and ZnO is (i.e., tracheids and vessels) " stem xylem " xylem in
reduced to Zn. the leaf.
or
6. What prevents backflow of blood inside the heart
What type of reaction is represented by the digestion during contraction? [1]
of food in our body?
Ans :
Ans :
Valves in heart prevent backflow of blood inside the
Decomposition reaction. heart during contraction.
2. Write the name given to bases that are highly soluble 7. Why is convex mirror used as a rear view mirror in
in water. Give an example. [1] vehicles? State any one reason. [1]
Ans : Ans :
Alkali, e.g., NaOH (Sodium hydroxide). As convex mirror gives a wider field view of the
3. What is meant by homologous series of carbon approaching traffic and is used as a rear view mirror
compounds? [1] in vehicles.
Ans : or
A series of compounds in which the same functional A small electric lamp is placed at the focus of a convex
group substitutes for hydrogen in a carbon chain is lens. What is the nature of beam of light produced by
called homologous series the lens?
Ans :
4. In which form
(i) oxygen is carried to the tissues? The beam of light coming out of lens is a parallel
(ii) CO 2 moves out of the blood? [1] beam of light as shown below.
Ans :
(i) Oxyhaemoglobin
(ii) Carboxyhaemoglobin and as carbonic acid (CO 2
dissolved in blood plasma).
5. Name two organisms in which food material is broken
down outside the body and absorbed. [1]
Ans :
Yeast, mushroom.

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8. Which property of concave mirror is utilised for using (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
them as shaving mirrors? [1] explanation of the assertion.
Ans : (c) A is true but R is false.
When an object is placed between the pole and focus (d) A is false but R is true.
of concave mirror; a magnified, erect and virtual 14. Assertion : In a reaction of copper with oxygen, copper
image is obtained. serves as a reducing agent.
9. How will you use two identical prisms so that a narrow Reason : The substance which gains oxygen in a
beam of white light incident on one prism emerges out chemical reaction acts as a reducing agent. [1]
of the second prism as white light? [1] Ans : (a) Both A and R are true and R is correct
Ans : explanation of the assertion.
By using two identical prisms, one placed inverted 15. Assertion : Mendel selected the pea plant for his
with respect to the other we get a narrow beam of experiments.
white light incident on one prism emerges out of the Reason : Pea plant is cross-pollinating and has
second prism as white light. unisexual flowers. [1]
10. Why is resistance less when resistors are joined in Ans : (c) A is true but R is false.
parallel? [1]
Ans : 16. Assertion : Supersonic jets cause thinning of ozone
layer.
We know that, R ? 1 Reason : Depletion of ozone layer causes greenhouse
A effect. [1]
In parallel combination of resistors, the effective area Ans : (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
of cross-section of the conductor increases, so the correct explanation of the assertion.
resistance decreases.
or or
Define resistance. Give its SI unit. Assertion : Biotic components of ecosystem
continuously require energy to carry on life processes.
Ans :
Reason : Abiotic components are the non-living
The hindrance offered by a conductor to the flow of factors of the ecosystem.
current is called resistance. Its SI unit is ohm (Ω). Ans : (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
11. How is the strength of the magnetic field at a point correct explanation of the assertion.
near a wire related to the strength of the electric
current flowing in the wire? [1] 17. Read the following and answer any four questions
from 17.1 to 17.5. 1#4
Ans :
In 1817, Dobereiner showed that when the three
The magnitude of magnetic field is directly elements in a triad were written in the order of
proportional to the strength of the electric current increasing atomic masses; the atomic mass of the
flowing in the wire. middle element was roughly the average of the
12. Name the alloy which is mainly used for making atomic masses of the other two elements. But this
permanent magnets. [1] classification into triads was not found to be useful.
Ans : In 1866, Newlands arranged the then known elements
in the order of increasing atomic masses and proposed
The alloy ‘Alnico’ is used for making permanent a law known as `Newlands’ Law of Octaves’. It
magnets. It is an alloy of aluminium, nickel, cobalt states that “when elements are arranged in order of
and iron. increasing atomic masses, then every eighth element
13. What is a biodegradable substance? [1] has properties similar to that of the first”. In order to
Ans : fit elements into his table, he adjusted two elements
in the same slot, but also put some unlike elements
Biodegradable substances are the substances that are under the same note. Then Mendeleev, a Russian
broken down by biological processes. chemist was the most important contributor to the
or early development of a Periodic Table of elements
What is the function of ozone in the upper atmosphere? in which the elements were arranged on the basis of
Ans : atomic mass and also on the similarity of chemical
properties.
Ozone shields the surface of the Earth from ultraviolet 17.1The three triads identified by Dobereiner are
rays of the Sun. (a) N, P, As; He, Ne, Ar; Ca, Sr, Ba
For question numbers 14, 15 and 16, two statements (b) Li, Na, K; N, P, As; Cl, Br, I
are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other (c) N, P, As; Ca, Sr, Ba; Cl, Br, I
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to
(d) Be, Mg, Ca; N, P, As; Cl, Br, I
these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as
given below : Ans : (c) N, P, As; Ca, Sr, Ba; Cl, Br, I
(a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation 17.2Which of the following statements is incorrect
of the assertion. about the table proposed by Newlands?

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(a) It was applicable only upto calcium.

(b) It worked well with heavier elements only.
(c) It became irrelevant for noble gases.
(d) It was not applicable for only 56 elements existed
at that time .
Ans : (b) It worked well with heavier elements only.
It worked well with lighter elements.
17.3The two pairs of elements placed in one slot by
Newlands are
(a) Co, Ni and Ce, La (b) Be, Mg and Co, Ni Which section of the nephron is responsible for
(c) F, Cl and Ce, La (d) Zn, Sr and Be, Mg concentrating the solute in the filtrate?
(a) A (b) B
Ans : (a) Co, Ni and Ce, La
(c) C (d) D
17.4The drawbacks of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
Ans : (c) C
were removed when the elements are arranged in
the order of In the given diagram, A is renal artery; B is proximal
(a) decreasing atomic masses convoluted tubule; C is loop of Henle and D is collecting
(b) increasing atomic masses tubule. The proximal convoluted tubule does not alter
solute concentration and the distal convoluted tubule
(c) decreasing atomic number
decreases solute concentration in the filtrate. It is
(d) increasing atomic number the loop of Henle (descending and ascending limbs),
Ans : (d) increasing atomic number which is responsible for concentrating or diluting the
In the Modern Periodic Table, elements are arranged tubular fluid using a process called counter current
in the increasing order of atomic number. mechanism.
17.5Who introduced the terms ‘Groups’ and ‘Periods’ 18.3
in the Periodic Table first?
(a) Dobereiner (b) Newlands
(c) Mendeleev (d) Henry
Ans : (c) Mendeleev

18. Read the following and answer any four questions

from 18.1 to 18.5. 1#4
Nitrogenous materials formed due to metabolic
activities are need to be removed. The biological
process involved in the removal of these harmful
metabolic wastes from the body is called excretion.
Different organisms use varied strategies to do this.
Many unicellular organisms remove these wastes
by simple diffusion from the body surface into the Study the picture given above and choose the
surrounding water while complex multi-cellular correct combination of plots provided in the
organisms use specialised organs to perform the same following table.
function.
18.1The excretory system of human beings include X P r o c e s s Function
(a) a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, a urinary used
bladder and a urethra
(a) Dialyser Diffusion To remove the
(b) a pair of kidneys, a pair of urinary bladders, a excess wastes and
ureter, and a urethra fluid from the
(c) a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, a pair of blood
urinary bladders and a urethra
(b) Blood thinner Clotting To remove the
(d) a kidney, a ureter, a urinary bladder and a urethra clots from the
Ans : (a) a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, a urinary blood
bladder and a urethra
(c) Dialysate Osmosis To add fluid to the
The excretory system of human beings includes a pair blood
of kidneys, a pair of ureters, a urinary bladder and a
(d) D i a l y s i n g Filtration To draw blood
urethra.
pump from the body and
18.2The given figure represents the structure of a
send it to dialyser
nephron.
Ans : (a)
The given picture represents the process of
haemodialysis where “X” is denoting the dialyser. A

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dialyser is often referred to as an “artificial kidney.”

Its function is to remove the excess wastes and fluid
from the blood, when the patient’s kidneys can no
longer perform that task. During this passage, the
waste products from the blood pass into dialysing
fluid by diffusion.
18.4Which of the following statement(s) is (are) true
about excretion in human beings? A student did an experiment with a convex lens. He
I. Kidneys are the primary excretory organs. put an object at different distances from the lens. In
II. The bladder is muscular, so it is under nervous each case he measured the distance of the image from
control. the lens. The results were recorded in the following
III. Each kidney has large numbers of filtration units table.
called nephrons.
IV. Urine is stored in the urethra until the urge of Object distance 25 30 40 60 120
passing it out. (in cm)
(a) I and II only (b) I and III only
Image distance 100 24 60 30 40
(c) I, II and III only (d) I and IV only
(in cm)
Ans : (c) I, II and III only
Unfortunately his results are written in the wrong
Urine is stored in the urinary bladder until the order.
pressure of the expanded bladder leads to the urge to 19.1The focal length of this lens is
pass it out through the urethra. (a) 20 cm (b) 25 cm
18.5Study the table below and select the row that has (c) 30 cm (d) 35 cm
the incorrect information.
Ans : (a) 20 cm
Excretory organ Substances excreted When the object distance equals the image distance,
(a) Kidneys Nitrogenous wastes they are at twice the focal length from the lens.
(b) Lungs Urea When, 2F = 60 cm

(c) Skin Sweat F = 30 cm

When an object is placed at focus (F = 30 cm) of
(d) Oil glands Sebum a convex lens, the image formed is at infinity. But
Ans : (b) infinity is not any observation in the given table.

Lungs excrete carbon dioxide from the blood. Hence, F = 30 cm is not possible.
Now, when 2F = 40 cm
19. Read the following and answer any four questions
from 19.1 to 19.5. 1#4 F = 20 cm
The image formed by a convex lens depends on the 19.2The image distances in the correct order (in cm)
position of the object in front of the lens. When the is
object is placed anywhere between focus and infinity, (a) 24, 30, 40, 60, 100
the image formed by convex lens is real and inverted. (b) 100, 24, 60, 40, 30
The image is not obtained on the screen when the (c) 100, 60, 30, 40, 24
object is placed between focus and the lens. (d) 100, 60, 40, 30, 24
The distance between the optical centre O of the
convex lens and the focus point F1 or F2 is its focal Ans : (d) 100, 60, 40, 30, 24
length. When object come closer to the lens up to F then
When the object shifts from − 3 to F1 , the image image will be formed away from the lens and vice-
moves from F2 to + 3. versa.
19.3Which of this object distances gives the biggest
image?
(a) 30 cm (b) 25 cm
(c) 40 cm (d) 60 cm
Ans : (b) 25 cm
At object at 2F gives large image which is same as
object.
When the object shifts from F1 to O, the image moves 19.4The minimum distance between an object and its
from − 3 to O. real image formed by a convex lens is
(a) 2f (b) 3f
(c) 4f (d) zero
Ans : (c) 4f
When object at 2F1 then image is formed at 2F2 then
minimum distance between object and real image is

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2F1 + 2F2 = 4F , i.e., (F1 = F2). Ans : (c) near the poles of the magnet
19.5A virtual image is formed by convex lens when At the pole magnetic field strength is maximum.
object is placed 20.5SI unit of magnetic field is
(a) at infinity (b) between C and F (a) webre (b) tesla
(c) at F (d) between F and O (c) newton (d) henry
Ans : (d) between F and O Ans : (b) tesla
When object is placed between F and O image formed
is virtual, erect and magnified.
20. Read the following and answer any four questions SECTION-B
from 20.1 to 20.5. 1#4
21. Why are food cans tin-plated instead of zinc plated
When magnet is brought into the field of another
though zinc is cheaper than tin? [2]
magnet, the field interacts with each pole of the
magnet and each of these poles experience magnetic Ans :
force. Tin is less reactive than zinc. It is less likely to dissolve
The space surrounding a magnet where a magnetic in the liquid stored in the food cans. Tin reacts only
force is experienced is called magnetic field. with powerful acids whereas zinc can easily react even
A magnetic field line is a continuous curve in a with tomatoes, so it is not safe to store food in zinc-
magnetic field such that the tangent at any point on plated cans.
it gives the direction of magnetic field at that point.
22. What is a covalent bond? What type of bond exists in
(i) CCl 4
(ii) CaCl 2 ? [2]
Ans :
The chemical bonds formed between two atoms by
the sharing of electrons between them is known as a
covalent bond. The sharing of electrons between the
two atoms takes place in such a way that both the
atoms acquire stable electronic configuration of their
nearest noble gas.
20.1Magnetic field is produced by the flow of current in
(i) CCl 4 - Covalent bond
a straight wire. The phenomenon was discovered
(ii) CaCl 2 - Ionic bond.
by
or
(a) Faraday (b) Fleming
(c) Oersted (d) Maxwell Carbon, Group (14) element in the Periodic Table, is
known to form compounds with many elements.
Ans : (c) Oersted Write an example of a compound formed with
20.2At the centre of bar magnet, the magnetism is (i) Chlorine (Group 17 of Periodic Table)
(a) same as the pole (b) zero (ii) Oxygen (Group 16 of Periodic Table)
(c) maximum (d) minimum Ans :
Ans : (d) minimum (i) Carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4)
In side the magnet, magnetic field strength decreasing. (ii) Carbon dioxide (CO 2)
So, at the centre of bar magnet, the magnetism is 23. What is the role of saliva in the digestion of food? [2]
minimum. Ans :
20.3Magnetic field lines can be used to determine
Saliva contains an enzyme called salivary amylase
(a) only the direction of magnetic field
which digests the starch (complex molecule) present
(b) only the relative strength of the magnetic field in food into sugar (maltose).
(c) both the direction and relative strength of the
magnetic field 24. “All plants give out oxygen during day and carbon
dioxide during night”. Do you agree with this
(d) the shape of the magnetic field statement? Give reason. [2]
Ans : (c) both the direction and relative strength of Ans :
the magnetic field
During day time, as the rate of photosynthesis is more
The relative strength of the magnetic field is shown by than the rate of respiration, the net result is evolution
degree of closeness of the field lines and the direction of oxygen. At night there is no photosynthesis, so they
of the magnetic field is obtained by tangent to the give out carbon dioxide due to respiration.
field lines at the point of intersect. or
20.4A bar magnet has strongest magnetism
(a) inside of the magnet What is translocation? Why is it essential for plants?
(b) at the centre of the magnet Ans :
(c) near the poles of the magnet The transport of food from the leaves to other parts of
(d) at one quarter distance from the poles of the the plant is called translocation. Leaves of the plants
magnet perform photosynthesis and produce carbohydrates

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(sugar) in the form of food which are translocated

to the other parts of the plant through phloem. This
allow plants to have access to raw materials needed
during photosynthesis by leaves.
25. Is the position of a star as seen by us is its true
position? Justify your answer. [2]
Ans :
(iii) Ions in Na 2 O are Na+ and O2−
No, light from stars undergoes atmospheric refraction Ions in MgO are Mg2+ and O2−
which occurs in medium of gradually changing
refractive index. So, we see the apparent position of 29. Two elements X and Y have atomic numbers 12 and 16
the star after refraction by atmosphere. respectively. To which period of the Modern Periodic
Table do these two elements belong? What type of
26. Two lamps, one rated 100 W; 220 V, and the other bond will be formed between them and why? Also give
60 W ; 220 V, are connected in parallel to electric the chemical formula of the compound formed. [3]
mains supply. Find the current drawn by two bulbs
Ans :
from the line, if the supply voltage is 220 V. [2]
Ans : Electronic configuration of X is 2, 8, 2 and Y is 2, 8, 6.
Both X and Y belong to 3rd period.
Current in first bulb, Ionic bond will be formed between them because X
I1 = P1 = 100 W = 5 A = 0.45 A will lose 2 electrons and Y will gain 2 electrons to
V 220 V 11 complete their octet and become stable.
Current in first bulb, The chemical formula of the compound is XY.
I2 = P2 = 60 W = 3 A = 0.27 A 30. Write three types of blood vessels. Give one important
V 220 V 11 feature of each. [3]
Ans :
SECTION-C The three types of blood vessels are:
(i) Arteries : Carry blood from heart to different
27. 2 g of ferrous sulphate crystals are heated in a dry body parts.
boiling tube. (ii) Veins : Transport blood towards heart from
(i) List any two observations. various body parts.
(ii) Name the type of chemical reaction taking place. (iii) Capillaries : Site of exchange of materials between
(iii) Write balanced chemical equation for the reaction blood and living cells through tissue fluid.
and name the products formed. [3]
31. Give the pair of contrasting traits of the following
Ans :
characters in pea plant and mention which is dominant
(i) and recessive.
(a) The colour of ferrous sulphate crystals changes (i) yellow seed
from green to white then turn into brown due (ii) round seed [3]
to formation of Fe 2 O 3 . Ans :
(b) The smell of burning sulphur due to the
evolution of SO 2 gas is observed. (i) Yellow - dominant.
(ii) Thermal decomposition reaction. Green - recessive.
(iii) (ii) Round - dominant.
Heat Wrinkled - recessive.
2FeSO 4 (s) Fe 2 O 3 (s) + SO 2 (g) + SO 3 (g)
(Ferric oxide) (Sulphur dioxide) (Sulphur trioxide) or
What is DNA copying? State its importance.
28. (i) Write the electron dot structures of sodium,
Ans :
oxygen and magnesium.
(ii) Show the formation of Na 2 O and MgO by the A process where a DNA molecule produces two similar
transfer of electrons. copies of itself in a reproducing cell is called DNA
(iii) What are the ions present in these compounds?[3] copying.
Ans : Its importance are:
(i) It makes the transmission of characters from
(i) parents to the next generation possible.
(ii) It causes variation in the population.
Sodium Na
2, 8, 1 32. It is desired to obtain an erect image of an object,
using concave mirror of focal length of 12 cm.
Oxygen O
(i) What should be the range of the object distance
2, 8, 6
in the above case?
Magnesium Mg (ii) Will the image be smaller or larger than the
2, 8, 2 object? Draw a ray diagram to show the formation
(ii) Na 2 O of image in this case.
(iii) Where will the image of this object be, if it is
placed 24 cm in front of the mirror? [3]
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Ans : (iv) (a) Na 2 CO 3 + 2HCl $ 2NaCl + CO 2 + H 2 O

(i) Range of distance should be 0 cm to < 12 cm for Effervescence of CO2 gas is seen.
the concave mirror to form erect image. (b) Zn + 2HCl $ ZnCl 2 + H 2
(ii) The image will be larger than the object. Odourless and colourless gas hydrogen is evolved
with bubbles on surface of zinc.
or
A sulphate salt of Group 2 element of the Periodic
Table is a white, soft substance, which can be moulded
into different shapes by making its dough. When this
compound is left in open for some time, it becomes a
solid mass and cannot be used for moulding purposes.
Identify the sulphate salt and state why does it show
such a behaviour. Give the reaction involved.
Ans :
The substance which is used for making different
shapes is Plaster of Paris. Its chemical name is calcium
(iii) When an object is placed at the centre of curvature
of a concave mirror, the image formed is also at the sulphate hemihydrate (CaSO 4 $ 1 H 2 O). The two
2
centre of curvature. Here, focal length = 12 cm . It formula unit of CaSO 4 share one molecule of water.
means focus is at 12 cm and centre of curvature As a result, it is soft.
will be at 2 # 12 = 24 cm . When it is left open for some time, it absorbs moisture
Thus, the image is formed at a distance of 24 cm from the atmosphere and forms gypsum, which is a
in front of the mirror. hard solid mass.
33. Calculate the amount of energy available to tiger in CaSO 4 $ 1 H 2 O + 1 1 H 2 O $ CaSO 4 $ 2H 2 O
2 2 Gypsum
the following food chain if plants have 30,000 J of Plaster of Paris (Hard mass)

energy available from the Sun: (Soft)

(Sulphate salt)
Plant $ Deer $ Tiger [3]
Ans : 35. (i) Draw the diagram of female reproductive system
and mark the part(s):
Plants can trap only 1% of the Sun’s energy falling
(a) where block is created surgically to prevent
on them. Now, 1% of 30,000 J is 300 J which is the
fertilization
energy available to plants.
(b) where CuT is inserted
The plants are eaten up by deer. According to 10%
(c) inside which condom can be placed
law, 10% of 300 J, i.e., 30 J of energy will be available
(ii) Why do more and more people prefer to use
to deer as food.
condoms? What is the principle behind the use of
The deer will transfer 10% of its 30 J energy to the
condoms? [5]
tiger. Thus, the food energy available to the tiger will
be 10% of 30 J which is 3 J. Ans :
1% absorbed 10% 10%
Sun Plants Deer Tiger (i)
(30, 000 J) (300 J) (30 J) (3 J)

SECTION-D
34. (i) Why does an aqueous solution of an acid conduct
electricity?
(ii) How does the concentration of hydronium ions
(H 3 O+) change when a solution of an acid is
diluted?
(iii) Which has higher pH value, a concentrated or (a) Fallopian Tube/Oviduct,
dilute solution of hydrochloric acid? (b) Uterus,
(iv) What do you observe on adding dilute hydrochloric (c) Vagina
acid to (ii) More people prefer to use condoms because
(a) sodium carbonate placed in test tube, (a) it prevents sexually transmitted diseases
(b) zinc metal in a test tube? [5] (STDs),
Ans : (b) it can act as a birth control measure.
(i) Aqueous solution of acid releases ions so that it Principle : Condoms create a physical barrier and
can conduct electricity. Aqueous solution of acid prevent the meeting of sperms and egg.
produces H+ ions which conduct electricity. 36. (i) Consider a conductor of resistance ‘R ’,length ‘L ’,
(ii) When solution of an acid is diluted, concentration thickness ‘d ’ and resistivity ‘ρ ’.
of hydronium ions (H 3 O+) decreases. Now this conductor is cut into four equal parts.
(iii) Dilute solution of HCl will have higher pH than What will be the new resistivity of each of these
concentrated solution. parts? Why?
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(ii) Find the resistance if all of these parts are Ans :

connected in (i) A small aluminium rod is suspended horizontally
(a) parallel from a stand using two connecting wires. Place a
(b) series strong horseshoe magnet in such a way that the
(iii) Out of the combinations of resistors mentioned rod lies between the two poles with the magnetic
above in the previous part, for a given voltage field directed upwards. For this, put the north
which combination will consume more power and pole of the magnet vertically below and south pole
why? [5] vertically above the aluminium rod. Connect the
Ans : aluminium rod in series with a battery, a key and
(i) Resistivity will not change as it depends on the a rheostat. Pass a current through the aluminium
nature of the material of the conductor. rod from one end to other (B to A). The rod
(ii) The length of each part becomes L/4, since ρ , A is displaced towards left. When the direction of
are constant. current flowing through the rod is reversed, the
ρL displacement of rod across towards right.
R =
A
ρL
b 4 l
Resistance of each part = R part = =R
A 4

(a) In parallel,
1 = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1
R eq R part R part R part R part

= 4 = 16
R part R

R eq = R Ω
16
(b) In series,
A current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic
R eq = R + R + R + R = R Ω
4 4 4 4 field experience a force. This force increases with
2 the amount of current, strength of magnetic field
(iii) P =V and length of the conductor. The displacement of
R
If R eq is less, power consumed will be more. rod AB will
In the given case, R eq , is lesser in the parallel so it (a) increase (b) increase (c) increase.
will consume more power. (ii) Fleming’s left-hand rule.
Stretch the thumb, forefinger and middle finger
or of your left hand such that they are mutually
perpendicular to one another. If the forefinger
(i) Explain an activity to show that a current- points in the direction of magnetic field and the
carrying conductor experiences a force when middle finger in the direction of current, then the
placed in a magnetic field. How do you think the thumb will point in the direction of motion or the
displacement of rod AB will be affected if (a) force acting on the conductor.
current in rod AB is increased; (b) a stronger (iii) According to Fleming’s left hand rule, the
horse-shoe magnet is used; and (c) length of the direction of force is perpendicular to the direction
rod AB is increased? of magnetic field and current. We know that
(ii) State the rule which gives the direction of force the direction of current is taken opposite to the
acting on the conductor. direction of motion of electrons. Therefore, the
(iii) An electron moves perpendicular to a magnetic force is directed upwards from the plane of the
field as shown in the figure. paper.
What would be the direction of force experienced
by the electron? Electron

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