MLE TU LC Hoae Fluid Mechanics inctuaing ANTE LUSCH es Dr. P.N Modi aT Rajsons Publications Pvt. Ltd. a STANDARD BOOK HOUSE (SINCE 1960)Multiple Choice Questions fluid is a substance that (a) always expands until it fills any container. (b) is practically incompressible. (©) cannot remain at rest under action of any shear force. (4) cannot be subjected to shear forces. Newton's Law of viscosity relates (a) pressure, velocity and viscosity. (b) shear stress and rate of angular deformation in a fluid, (©) shear stress, temperature, velocity and viscosity. (2) pressure, viscosity and rate of angular deformation. . Viscosity has the dimensions (a) FL? ) FLAT (© FLT? (@) FLT, . Falling drops of rain acquire spherical shape on account of (a) viscosity (b). surface tension (©) vapour pressure (d) compressibility. Surface tension has the dimensions (a) F () FL2 (Q FL? @) FLO . Capillarity is due to (a) adhesion (b) cohesion (©) adhesion and cohesion both (d) neither adhesion nor cohesion, A prefect gas (a) has zero viscosity (b) has constant viscosity (©) is incompressible (d) satisfies p = pRT. ‘The height of liquid in a capillary tube (a) incteases with an increase in diameter (®) increases with a decrease in diameter (©) decreases with an increase in surface tension (@) increase with an increase in specific weight. 9. The bulk modulus of elasticity (a) is independent of pressure and viscosity (b) increase with the pressure (©) has the dimensions of (1/p) (d) is larger when the fluid is more compressible. @ For v= 3 x 10+ stoke and p = 0.8 gm/cm3, 1 in msl/m-sec, is (a) 245 x 10-6 (b) 3.06 x 10* (©) 3.83 x 10% @) 079 x 106 Pressure at a point in a static mass of liquid depends upon (a) the shape and size of bounding container (b) the depth below the free liquid surface (©) the specific weight of liquid and depth below the free liquid surface (d) the specific weight of liquid, depth below the free liquid surface and the shape and size of the bounding container. 12. The differential equation for pressure variation in a static fluid may be written (<- measured vertically upward)© 14. 15. 16. ai 19. (@) dp (&) dp = paz (©) dp (d) dp = -2dp. Select the correct statement (a) Absolute pressure = Gage pressure — Atmospheric pressure (b) Gage pressure = Absolute pressure - Atmospheric pressure (Q Absolute pressure = Atmospheric pressure + Vacuum pressure (d) Gage pressure = Atmospheric pressure + Vacuum pressure. The pressure, in meters of oil (sp. gr: 0.8), equivalent to 80 m of water is {a) 64 (b) 80 () 100 (d) 88 In an isothermal atmosphere, the pressure (a) remains constant (b) decreases linearly with elevation (©) increases exponentially with elevation (d) varies in the same way as the density. ‘A mercury-water manometer has a gage difference of 0.6 m (difference in elevation of menisci). The difference in pressure, measured in metres of water, is (@)0.6 (B) 7.56 () 816 (d) 7.86 In order to avoid a correction for the effect of capillarity in manometers used for measuring pressure, the diameter of tube should be (a) less than 3 mm (b) more than 3 mm but less than 5 mm (o) equal to 5 mm (@) greater than or equal to 6 mm. ‘The centre of pressure for a plane surface immersed vertically in a static mass of liquid is (a) always below the centroid of the area (©) always above the centroid of the area (©) always coincident with the centroid of the area (a) sometimes above and sometimes below the centroid of the area. The horizontal component of force on a curved surface is equal to the (a) weight of liquid vertically above the curved surface (©) weight of liquid retained by the curved surface (0) product of pressure at its centroid and area 20. 24 22. 24. Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics (d) force on a vertical projection of the curved surface The vertical component of pressure force on a submerged curved surface is equal to (a) its horizontal component (b) the force on a horizontal projection of the curved surface r (©) the weight of liquid vertically above the curved surface (d) the product of pressure at centroid and surface area ‘A small plastic boat loaded with nuts and bolts is floating in a bath tub. If the cargo is, dumped into the water, allowing the boat to float empty, then the water level in the tub will (@) rise (b) fall Bouyant force is (@) the resultant force on a body due to the fluid surrounding it (b) the resultant force acting on a floating body (©) equal to the weight of liquid displaced (d) the force necessary to maintain equilibrium of a submerged body. (©) not change . The ine of action of the buoyant force acts through the (a) centre of gravity of any submerged body (&) centroid of the volume of any floating body (©) centroid of the displaced volume of fluid (d) centroid of the horizontal projection of the body. ‘A body floats in stable equilibrium (a) when its metacentric height is zero (©) when its centre of gravity is below its centre of buoyancy (© when GB—(I/V) is positive and G is above B (a) when metacentre is above the centre of gravity . A tank 2 m square contains 1 m of water. If the tank is accelerated in the horizontal direction parallel to a pair of sides at the rate of 4 m/s, then for no spilling of water the minimum height of the tank should be (@) 1m (b) 1.4077 m () 1.8155 m (@) 2m.Multiple Choice Questions 26. A closed cubical box 0.8 m on each edge, is half filled with water and the other half being filled with oil, sp. gr. 0.75. If the box is accelerated vertically upward at the rate of 4.905 m/s, the pressure difference between. bottom and top, in kg (f) m?is (a) 1800 (b) 1575 (©) 1050 (a) 525 27. Ifthe box of Q. 26s accelerated in horizontal direction parallel to a pair of sides at the rate of 4.905 m/s”, the maximum pressure on the top of the box in metres of water is (a) 0.225 (b) 0.300 (©) 0.563 (a) 0.825 28. When a liquid rotates at constant angular velocity about a vertical axis as a rigid body, the pressure intensity (a) decrease as the square of the radial distance (b) increase linearly as the radial distance (©) varies inversely as the elevation along any vertical line (d) varies as the square of the radial distance 29. A right circular cylinder, open at the top is filled with liquid, sp. gr. 1.2. and rotated about its vertical axis at such speed that half the liquid spills out. The pressure at the centre of the bottom is (a) zero (b) one-fourth its value when cylinder was full (©) one-half its value when cylinder was full (d) same as before rotation 30. A forced vortex (a) turns in an opposite direction to a free vortex (b) has the velocity decreasing with the radius (©) occurs when fluid rotates as a solid (d) has the velocity decreasing inversely with the radius 31. A free vortex (a) has the velocity decreasing with the radius (b) has the velocity increasing with the radius (©) has constant velocity (d) has the velocity varying inversely with the square of radius. 32. A control volume refers to (a) a fixed region in space (©) a specified mass (0) a closed system (d) a reversible process only. 33. One dimensional flow is (a) steady uniform flow (©) uniform flow (©) flow which neglects changes in a transverse direction (@) restricted to flow in a straight line. 34. A practical example of steady non-uniform flow is given as the (a) motion of a river around bridge piers (b) steadily increasing flow through a pipe (0) steadily increasing flow through a reducing section (d) constant discharge through a long, straight tapering pipe ’ 35. Continuity equation (a) expresses the relation between energy and work (b) relates the momentum per unit volume for two points on a streamline (0) relates mass rate of flow along a stream tube (d) constant discharge through a long, straight tapering pipe. Steady flow occurs when (a) conditions do not change with time at any point (b) conditions are the same at adjacent points at any instant (©) when (80/25) is constant (d) conditions change steadily with the time. @ A streamline {a) is the line connecting the mid-points of flow cross section (b) is defined for uniform flow only (©) is drawn normal to the velocity vector at every point (@) is fixed in space in steady flow.Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics 38. Uniform flow occurs (a) whenever the flow is steady (©) when (20/28) is every where zero (©) only when the velocity vector at any point remains constant (@) when (30/48) = 0. 39. For steady rotational flow of a fluid Bernoulli’s equation (a) cannot be derived (b) can be derived for the entire flow field (©) can be derived for the points lying on the same streamline (d) can be derived only if the fluid is incompressible. 40. Stream lines, streak lines and path lines are all identical in case of (@) uniform flow _(b) steady flow (©) unsteady flow (@) non-uniform flow. 41. Navier-Strokes equation is useful in the analysis of (@) Non-viscous flows (©) turbulent flow (©) viscous flows (d) both viscous and turbulent flows. 42. Euler’s equation of motion can be integrated when it is assumed that (a) the continuity equation is satisfied (b) the fluid is incompressible (©) a velocity potential exists and the density is constant (2) the flow is rotational and incompress- ible. 43. In irrotational flow of an ideal fluid (a) a velocity potential exists () all particles must move in straight lines (0) the motion must be uniform (d) the velocity must be zero at a boundary. If stream function y = 2xy, then the velocity at a point (1, 2) is equal to (a) 2 © 4 (©) V20 (a) 16 45. An equipotential line (a) has no velocity component tangent to it (©) is same as streamline (©) has constant dynamic pressure 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. (d) has no velocity component normal to it. If successive measurements with a Prandtl- pitot tube indicate that the tip piezometer reading varies only across the flow and the side piezometer reading varies only in the direction of flow, the motion is evidently (a) uniform, irrotational (b) non-uniform, rotational (©) uniform, rotational (d) non-uniform, irrotational Specify which the following must be fulfilled by the flow of any fluid, real or ideal, laminar or turbulent (a) Newton's of viscosity (b) Velocity at boundary must be zero relative to boundary (©) The continuity equation (4) Velocity normal to a solid boundary is zero. A source in two dimensional flow (a) is a point from which fluid is imagined to flow uniformly in all directions () isa line from which fluid is imagined to flow uniformly in all directions (Q has streamlines that are concentric circles (d) has a velocity potential independent of the radius. The kinetic energy correction factor (a) has the units of velocity head (©) is expressed by 4 (o/Vyda 4 (0) is expressed by Afesvaa 4 (@ is expressed by Sfosvraa. 4 The momentum correction factor is expressed as it 1 (a) sgl eA () alerviaa 1 1 © ae erae (d) alone‘Multiple Choice Questions 51. The equation IF, = PQ (AV,) requires the following assumptions for its derivation (a) the flow is steady and uniform (b) the flow is steady and the velocity of flow is constant over the end cross- sections (o) the flow is uniform and fluid is frictionless (d) the fluid is frictionless and the velocity of flow is constant over the end cross- sections. 52. For laminar flow in pipes the momentum correction factor is (a) less than 1 (b) 1.03 (©) 1.33 (a) 2.0 53. The ratio of actual discharge to theoretical discharge through an orifice is @GC © CC, 0 GC @ G/c, 54. Coefficient of resistance C, for an orifice is equal to ch vs @ a-c) ©) (a } 61a @ 1-4 OG ce 55. The loss of head due to sudden enlargement in a pipe is expressed by vie-v2 Pipes Al 2g et (a) M-vP -v,? aa @ Gwe g 56. The discharge through a V-notch varies as @H? %& H ©? @ HY The head loss in turbulent flow in pipe (a) Varies directly as the velocity (b) Varies inversely as the square of the velocity (©) Varies inversely as the square of the diameter (@) Varies approximately as the square of the velocity. 58. In laminar flow through a pipe discharge varies (@) linearly as the viscosity @ (b) as the square of radius (©) inversely as the pressure drop (A) inversely as the viscosity. 59. The hydraulic grade line is {a) always above the energy grade line (b) the velocity head below the energy grade line (©) always above the closed conduit (@) always slopping downward in the direction of flow. 60. In parallel-pipe problems (a) the discharge is he same through all the pipes (b) the head losses through each pipe are added to obtain the total head loss. (©) the head loss is the same through each pipe (@) a direct solution gives the flow through each pipe when the total flow is known. In networks of pipes (a) the head loss around each elementary circuit must be zero (b) the head loss in all circuits is the same (©) the elevation of hydraulic grade line is assumed for each junction (d) elementary circuits are replaced by equivalent pipes. 62. The growth of boundary layer is supported when (a) (@p/2x) is positive (b) (@p/Ax) is zero (©) @p/ax) is negative 63. The displacement thickness of boundary layer is (@) the distance to the point where (0/V) = 0.99 (b) the distance the main flow is shifted from the boundary (©) the distance where v = V.. (d) one half the actual thickness of the boundary layer. 64, Turbulent boundary layer thickness is proportional to (a) 1/23 (&) xV8 (2 a x8 65. 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