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Effect of Sulphur Levels on Yield and Yield Attributes in Intercropping System of

Castor along with Mungbean

Article in International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences · July 2018
DOI: 10.20546/ijcmas.2018.707.035

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 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(7): 291-296

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences

ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 07 (2018)
Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.707.035

Effect of Sulphur Levels on Yield and Yield Attributes in Intercropping

System of Castor along with Mungbean

Y.K. Ghilotia*, R.N. Meena, R.K. Singh, Ajeet Singh and Kailash Verma

Department of Agronomy, I.Ag.Sc., B.H.U. Varanasi (UP)-221005

*Corresponding author

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted during the kharif season of 2012 and 2013 at BHU,
Varansi, Utter Pradesh to study the effect of sulphur on castor mungbean intercropping
system and to find out suitable dose of sulphure. The soil of the experimental field was
Keywords agricultural research farm Banaras Hindu University having Ph7.35, organic carbon (0.44),
available nitrogen (205.1 kg/ha), phosphorus (25.2 /ha) and potash (216.20 kg/ha). The
Yield and yield treatments consisted of four intercropping system [castor + mungbean (1:1), castor +
attributes of mungbean (1:2), castor + mungbean (2: 2 paired row) and castor + mungbean (2:3 paired
Mungbean, Castor row)] and four levels of sulphure (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg S/ha) were taken in split plot design
equivalent yield, with three replication. Castor+ mungbean (1:1) gave significantly higher seed and straw
intercropping yields of castor as compared to other treatment of intercropping of castor + mungbean. The
Article Info number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pod of mungbean were significantly
higher under castor + mungbean (1 : 1) intercropping system as compared to other
Accepted: treatments of intercropping of castor with mungbean i.e. 1 : 2, 2 : 2 PR and 2 : 3 PR row
04 June 2018 ratios. Castor + mungbean (1:1) intercropping system recorded significantly higher seed
Available Online: and straw yield of mungbean as compared to all other intercropping systems. Castor +
10 July 2018 mungbean (1:1) also recorded significantly higher castor equivalent yield (2893 q/ha) as
compared to all other systems of intercropping. Significantly higher castor equivalent yield
(2764 q/ha) was also recorded upto 60 kg S/ha over preceding levels.

Introduction as against the minimum requirement of 70 g

per capita/day prescribed by ICMR which
Pulses are the main source of protein causes malnutrition among the growing
particularly for vegetarians and contribute population (Anonymous, 2007). Therefore, it
about 14 per cent of the total protein of an is necessary that agricultural scientists should
average Indian diet. Production of pulses is far evolve the strategy of increasing the
below the requirement to meet even the production of pulses to meet the protein
minimum level of per capita consumption. requirement of increasing population of the
The per capita availability of pulses has been country. Mungbean [Vigna radiata
declined from 74.9 g in 1959 to 33 g in 2008 (L.)Wilczek] is primarily rainy season crop

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but with the development of early maturing fertilization, particularly lacking in nitrogen
varieties, it has also proved to be an ideal crop and sulphur. Thus, it offers a great scope for
for spring and summer season. Mungbean is increasing its productivity through sound crop
excellent source of protein (24.5%) with high husbandry and good agro techniques.
quality of lysine (460 mg/g N) and tryptophan
(60 mg/g N). It also has remarkable quantity Research work done in different parts of the
of ascorbic acid when sprouted also bear country indicate that application of sulphur to
riboflavin (0.21 mg/100g) and minerals (3.84 all crops and oil seeds and pulses in particular
g/100g) (Gopalan et al., 1995). Mungbean is highly profitable and seems essential for
being a leguminous crop, has the capacity to boosting the crop production. Sulphur plays an
fix atmospheric nitrogen through biological inevitable and imperative role in formation of
nitrogen fixation. Being a short duration crop amino acids viz., methionine, cystine and
it suits well in various multiple and cysteine. It is also associated with synthesis of
intercroppings system. After picking of pods, vitamins (biotine, thiamine), metabolism of
mungbean plants may be used as fodder or carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Sulphur
green manure. Total area under pulses is 24 deficiency results in poor flowering, fruiting,
million hectares with an annual production of and cupping of leaves, reddening of stems,
15.19 million tonnes in the country with petioles and stunted growth. These aspects of
productivity of 658 kg/ha (Anonymous, 2008). castor cultivation have received very little
In India, mungbean occupies 3.0 million attention in light textured soils of this region
hectares and contributes 1.3 million tonnes in and the inadequacy of experimental evidences
pulse production (Anonymous, 2006). The regarding castor + mungbean intercropping
important mungbean growing states are systems and their sulphur levels, therefore, the
Orissa, Maharastra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil present investigation entitled “Intercropping of
Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] with
Rajasthan and Bihar. In Rajasthan mungbean castor (Ricinus communis L.) under varying
is grown in 852297 hectares with annual levels of sulphur” was carried out.
production of135510tonnes and productivity
of 272 kg/ha (Anonymous, 2006). In present Materials and Methods
oil seed crops form the main source of energy
for major portion of Indian population due to Experiment was conducted at the Agriculture
less availability of animal fat and its ill effects Research Farm of the BHU, Varansi during
on heart as it enhances the low density 2012-2013. The experimental farm is located
Lipoprotein level of cholesterol. Oil seeds at 2518N latitude, 880 3E longitude at an
form the largest agricultural commodity after altitude of 128.93 m above sea level in India.
cereals in India, sharing 13 per cent of the Varansi is located about 1600 km north of the
country’s gross cropped area, 3 per cent of Indian Ocean and has continental type of
gross national product, 7 per cent of the climate. Soil texture is sandy clay loam, high
world’s production and 10 per cent of world’s in organic matter (0.44%), extractable
edible oil consumption (Anonymous, 2007). If phosphorus (25.2kg-1), exchangeable
one compares the average of productivity of potassium (216.20 kg-1), and alkaline (pH
castor and mungbean with its yield potential, 7.35). Soil physio-chemical properties such as
one finds a big gap between these two figures soil texture, International pipette method
and main reason being its poor nourishment. (Piper, 1950), organic matter (Walkely and
The crops are generally assigned to marginal Black method, 1934), Available nitrogen
and submarginal lands without or with little (kg/ha) Alkaline permanganate method

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(Subbiah and Asija, 1956) phosphorus, Equivalent yield (Kg ha-1)

Olsen’s method (Olsen et al., 1954) and
Available potassium (kg/ha), Flame
photometer method (Richards, 1954) were
determined. Rainfall during the experimental
period varied from 349.7 mm and 590.7mm in
2012 and2013, respectively. Data was statistically analyzed according to
Experimentation: 4 x 4factors were conducted Panse and Sukhatme.
in a strip plot design with arrangement using
three replications. The treatments consisted of Results and Discussion
four intercropping system in main plots [castor
+ mungbean (1: 1), castor + mungbean (1: 2), Yield attributes
castor + mungbean (2: 2 paired row) and
castor + mungbean (2: 3 paired row)] and four Yield and Yield attributes of castor were
levels of sulphure in sub plots (0, 20, 40 and significantly influenced due to different
60 kg S/ha). Castor variety, GCH-4 and intercropping system except test weight during
mungbean variety, HUM-2 was used in the 2012 and 2013.Higher values of these
experiment. Net plot size of 4.5 m x 4.0 m was characters were recorded under Castor +
used. Sulphur will be applied through Mungbean, 1:1 (Table 1). The castor +
elemental sulphur as per treatment and A mungbean (1: 1) intercropping system were at
recommended dose of 60 kg N ha-1 and 40 kg par with Castor + Moonbeam, 1:2 in all the
P2O5 ha-1 will be applied through DAP and parameters except seed yield and stalk yield
urea. during 2012.

Full dose of phosphorus through DAP and half Lowest yield and yield attributes were
dose of nitrogen through urea after adjusting recorded with intercropping system of Castor
with DAP will be applied as basal dose and + Mungbean, 2:3 which was at par Castor +
remaining half dose of nitrogen will be top Mungbean, 2:2 during 2012 and 2013. Sharma
dressed at 40 DAS through urea. Data The and Kulhari (2005) also reported that
produce from net plot area after thoroughly intercropping of castor with clusterbean,
sun drying was weighed for recording cowpea and mungbean were significantly
biological yield. After threshing and reduced seed and stalks yields of castor as
winnowing the weight of seed of main and compared to 1:1 ratio scastor+mungbean. In
intercrop from each net plot area was recorded different levels of sulphure, highest yield and
in kg plot-1 and then converted into kg ha-1. yield parameters were recorded S60 and it was
Stalk / straw yield (kg ha-1) was obtained by on par with sulphure level of S40 as compared
subtracting the seed yield from biological to other levels of sulphure during both the
yield. years respectively. Its might be due to
favorable environment available to plants as
Castor equivalent yield also evident from higher dry matter
accumulation under this system. Whereas,
For the valid comparison of yield data, seed significantly higher seed and straw yields were
yield obtained for the components crops in obtained in castor + mungbean (1:2)
different intercropping systems was converted intercropping system, which might reflect the
into castor equivalent yield using prevailing effect of higher plant population in the system.
rates of produce in the following expression

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Table.1 Yield and yield attributes of castor as influenced by different sulphure levels in intercropping system
Treatments 2012 2013
Number of Seed Test Stalk
Number of Seed Test Stalk yield (kg/ha)
capsules yield weight yield capsules yield (kg weight
primary (kg/ha) (g) (kg/ha) primary ha-1) (g)
racemes-1 racemes-
1

A. Intercropping systems
(i)Castor + Mungbean (1:1) 51.8 1655 240.7 3625 62.4 1782 240.9 3734
(ii) Castor +mungbean (1:2) 49.2 1474 235.9 3286 59.9 1614 236.8 3430
(iii)Castor +mungbean (1:3) 46.4 1347 233.7 3109 56.3 1466 233.9 3179
(iv)Castor+mungbean(2:2 PR) 38.7 1159 231.1 2848 48.6 1284 231.4 2849
(v)Castor+mungbean (2:3 PR) 36.6 1214 228.3 2759 46.4 1272 228.5 2749
SEm+ 1.80 48.26 5.12 97 1.83 55.22 5.08 95.00
CD (P =0.05) 5.86 157.37 16.68 317 5.96 180.07 NS 309.82
B. Sulphur (kg/ha)
S0 35.3 1100 230.8 2758 45.8 1226 231.5 2818
S20 44.0 1274 233.0 2985 54.5 1406 233.2 3091
S40 48.3 1467 234.7 3292 58.3 1599 234.9 3358
S60 50.5 1638 237.3 3467 60.4 1703 237.5 3486
SEm+ 1.03 35.93 2.00 46 1.04 36.98 1.96 48.52
CD (P =0.05) 2.99 103.78 5.78 132 3.00 106.81 NS 140.14

Table.2 Yield and Yield and yield attributes of mungbean as influenced by different sulphure levels in
intercropping system
Treatments 2012 2013
No No of Test Seed Stalk No No Test Seed Stalk
of seed per weight yield yield of of weight yield yield
pods pod (Kg (kg pods seed (Kg (kg
-1 -1
per ha ) ha ) per per ha ) ha-1)
-1

plant plant pod

A. Intercropping systems
(i)Castor + Mungbean (1:1) 27.68 8.08 31.35 1041 1917 35.42 8.38 33.54 1428 2548
(ii) Castor +mungbean (1:2) 24.08 7.31 30.16 903 1683 32.08 9.04 32.68 1343 2364
(iii)Castor +mungbean (1:3) 21.64 7.13 28.55 878 1533 29.64 7.51 30.89 1278 2224
(iv)Castor+mungbean(2:2 PR) 16.71 5.13 29.19 746 1226 24.71 6.24 30.54 1142 1924
(v)Castor+mungbean (2:3 PR) 14.18 4.97 28.71 804 1144 23.42 5.96 29.96 1093 1828
SEm+ 1.13 0.28 1.49 39.67 84.72 1.19 0.28 1.58 38.49 82.75
CD (P =0.05) 3.70 0.91 NS 129.36 276.30 3.90 0.90 NS 125.51 269.86
B. Sulphur (kg/ha)
S0 17.59 5.57 27.11 721 1222 25.81 6.24 29.15 1122 1887
S20 19.96 6.21 28.77 814 1424 28.14 6.93 30.75 1225 2110
S40 21.95 6.84 29.90 918 1616 30.33 8.00 32.36 1316 2306
S60 23.93 7.47 32.58 1045 1740 31.93 8.54 33.83 1364 2408
SEm+ 0.68 0.20 1.02 17.12 45.15 0.70 0.19 1.18 18.25 39.24
CD (P =0.05) 1.97 0.57 NS 49.46 130.41 2.02 0.55 NS 52.71 113.33

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Table.3 Effect of planting pattern and sulphur levels on castor equivalent yield and land equivalent
ratio (LER)
Treatments Castor equivalent yield LER
(kg/ha)
A. Intercropping systems
(i) Castor + Mungbean (1:1) 2893 1.81
(ii) Castor + mungbean (1:2) 2658 1.67
(iii) Castor + mungbean (1:3) 2459 1.55
(iv) Castor + mungbean (2:2 PR) 2172 1.37
(v) Castor + mungbean (2:3 PR) 2122 1.33
SEm+ 67.62 0.04
CD (P =0.05) 220.53 0.12
B. Sulphur (kg/ha)
(i) Control 2098 1.32
(ii) 20 2359 1.48
(iii) 40 2623 1.64
(iv) 60 2764 1.73
SEm+ 49.74 0.02
CD (P =0.05) 143.66 0.07

Yield and yield attributes of mungbean was Castor equivalent yield

significantly influenced due to different
intercropping system during both the years All the intercropping systems showed
(Table 2). Maximum mungbean parameters superiority to castor+mungbean in total
were recorded with intercropping system as productivity, as evident by castor equivalent
castor + mungbea, 1:1 which was yield (Table 3). The higher equivalent yield
significantly at par with castor+ mungbean, showed higher biomass production and
1:2 than remaining treatments during 2012 efficient use of available growth resources
and 2013. mungbean (1 : 1) intercropping under intercropping then other systems. The
systems (Table 1). It might be due to different behavior in crop equivalent yield
favorable environment available to plants as was also on account of productivity of crops
also evident from higher dry matter in intercropping systems and their relative
accumulation under this system. Whereas, market prices. Similar trend was observed
significantly higher seed and straw yields earlier (Ganvir (2004) and Gupta Rathore,
were obtained in castor + mungbean (1:2) 1993) when castor intercropped with
intercropping system, which might reflect the groundnut.
effect of higher plant population in the
system. Sulphure levels also influenced on References
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How to cite this article:

Ghilotia, Y.K., R.N. Meena, R.K. Singh, Ajeet Singh and Kailash Verma. 2018. Effect of
Sulphur Levels on Yield and Yield Attributes in Intercropping System of Castor along with
Mungbean. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 7(07): 291-296.
doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.707.035

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