IRRIGATION AND

DRAINAGE ENGINEERING
Problem Solving
QUESTION NO. 1
One hundred thousand two hundred and fifty (1,250) cubic meters of
water was delivered to a 10 ha farm for the month of June in which
consumptive use is estimated at 8 mm/day. The effective rainfall for
the period was 150 mm. What is the irrigation efficiency?

a. 32%
b. 87%
c. 72%
d. 52%
QUESTION NO. 1
One hundred thousand two hundred and fifty (1,250) cubic meters of
water was delivered to a 10 ha farm for the month of June in which
consumptive use is estimated at 8 mm/day. The effective rainfall for
the period was 150 mm. What is the irrigation efficiency?

Answer
c. 72%
Solution

Effective Rainfall, ER
= 0.15m x 10 ha x 10,000 m2/ha
= 15,000
Consumptive Use, CU
= (0.008 m/day) x 30 days x 10 ha x 10,000 m2/ha
= 24,000 m3
Irrigation Efficiency, Ea
= (CU – ER)/Wf
= (24,000 – 15,000) m3 / 1,250 m3
= 72%
QUESTION NO. 2
Evapotranspiration in an 8 ha farm is 7 mm/day and percolation
losses is 2 mm/day. What is the design discharge of a canal to be able
to deliver a 5-day requirement of the farm in 24 hours if irrigation
efficiency is 75%?

a. 150 m3/hr
b. 200 m3/hr
c. 175 m3/hr
d. 140 m3/hr
QUESTION NO. 2
Evapotranspiration in an 8 ha farm is 7 mm/day and percolation
losses is 2 mm/day. What is the design discharge of a canal to be able
to deliver a 5-day requirement of the farm in 24 hours if irrigation
efficiency is 75%?

Answer
b. 200 m3/hr
Solution

𝑨𝒅
Q=
𝒕
(8ha x 10,000m2/ha)(7 mm/day + 2 mm/day)(1m/1000mm)(5 days)
Q=
(24 hrs x 0.75)
Q = 200 m3/hr
QUESTION NO. 3
How much water should be applied to a 6 ha farm where the rooting
depth is 80 cm, if it is in its permanent wilting point? Volumetric
moisture contents are 0.15 and 0.32 for permanent wilting point and
field capacity, respectively.

a. 7,200 m3
b. 6,120 m3
c. 15,360 m3
d. 8,160 m3
QUESTION NO. 3
How much water should be applied to a 6 ha farm where the rooting
depth is 80 cm, if it is in its permanent wilting point? Volumetric
moisture contents are 0.15 and 0.32 for permanent wilting point and
field capacity, respectively.

Answer
d. 8,160 m3
Solution

Volume
= (FC – PWP)(D)(A)
= (0.32 - 0.15)(0.8m)(60,000 m2)
= 8,160 m3
QUESTION NO. 4
What is the depth of water in a trapezoidal channel with a side slope
of 2 and carrying a 2.5 m3/s water flow? The channel’s bottom width
is 1.5 meters and the flowing water has a velocity of 0.8 m/s.

a. 1 m
b. 1.2 m
c. 0.93 m
d. 0.82 m
QUESTION NO. 4
What is the depth of water in a trapezoidal channel with a side slope
of 2 and carrying a 2.5 m3/s water flow? The channel’s bottom width
is 1.5 meters and the flowing water has a velocity of 0.8 m/s.

Answer
c. 0.93 m
Solution

Q = AV or A = Q/V
A = 2.5 m3/s / 0.8 m/s
A = 3.125 m2
A = by + zy2 : 3.125 = 1.5y + 2y2
solving for y = 0.93 m
QUESTION NO. 5
How many sprinklers with spacing of 7m x 7m are needed to irrigate a
rectangular piece of land 125 m x 190 m if the laterals are set parallel
to the longer side of the field?

a. 503
b. 504
c. 486
d. 485
QUESTION NO. 5
How many sprinklers with spacing of 7m x 7m are needed to irrigate a
rectangular piece of land 125 m x 190 m if the laterals are set parallel
to the longer side of the field?

Answer
c. 486
Solution

Number of Laterals, N = 125/7

= 17.86 or 18
Number of Sprinklers/lateral, S = 190/7
= 27.142 or 27
Total number of sprinklers = N x S
= 18 x 27
= 486
QUESTION NO. 6
If the impeller speed of a centrifugal pump is increased from 1800
rpm to 2340 rpm, the resulting power will be how many times the
original?

a. 1.690
b. 2.197
c. 1.091
d. 1.140
QUESTION NO. 6
If the impeller speed of a centrifugal pump is increased from 1800
rpm to 2340 rpm, the resulting power will be how many times the
original?

Answer
b. 2.197
Solution

𝑃1 (2340/1800)3 = 𝑃2
2.197 𝑃1 = 𝑃2
QUESTION NO. 7
A soil sample was obtained using a cylindrical soil sampler with a 4-
inch diameter and 10inch height. After oven-drying, the sample
weighed 2,470 grams. What is the soil’s bulk density.

a. 12 g/cc
b. 1.1 g/cc
c. 1200 kg/m3
d. 1.3 kg/m3
QUESTION NO. 7
A soil sample was obtained using a cylindrical soil sampler with a 4-
inch diameter and 10inch height. After oven-drying, the sample
weighed 2,470 grams. What is the soil’s bulk density.

Answer
c. 1200 kg/m3
Solution

Vb = Ah = (πd2/4)(h)
= (π(4 in x 2.54 cm/in)2/4) x (10in x 2.54cm/in)
= 2,059.3 cm3
BD = ODW/Vb
= 2,470/2,059.3
= 1.2 g/cc
= 1200 kg/m3
QUESTION NO. 8
Compute for the brake horsepower of a pump needed to pump-out a
fluid (ρ = 1.3 g/cc) at a rate of 300 gpm with a total head of 6 meters.
Assume pump efficiency of 60%.

a. 2.5 hp
b. 3.0 hp
c. 3.2 hp
d. 5.0 hp
QUESTION NO. 8
Compute for the brake horsepower of a pump needed to pump-out a
fluid (ρ = 1.3 g/cc) at a rate of 300 gpm with a total head of 6 meters.
Assume pump efficiency of 60%.

Answer
c. 3.2 hp
Solution

Specific weight of water, γ

= (1.3g/cm3) x (kg/1000g) x (2.2 lbs/kg)
x ((2.54)3 cm3/in3) x (1728 in3/ft3)
= 81 lbs/ft3
(300gal/min) x (1ft3/7.48 gal) x (81lbs/ft3) x 6m x (3.28ft/m)
BHP =
(33,000ft−lbs/min−hp) x (0.60)
= 3.2 hp
QUESTION NO. 9
A 16-ft thick confined aquifer with hydraulic conductivity of 500
ft/day was tapped by a 4inch diameter shallow tube well. With a
radius of influence of 2000 ft, determine the maximum discharge of
the STW in lps. Assume an allowable drawdown of 10 ft.

a. 16.85
b. 17.55
c. 5.59
d. 6.59
QUESTION NO. 9
A 16-ft thick confined aquifer with hydraulic conductivity of 500
ft/day was tapped by a 4inch diameter shallow tube well. With a
radius of influence of 2000 ft, determine the maximum discharge of
the STW in lps. Assume an allowable drawdown of 10 ft.

Answer
b. 17.55
Solution

2πkt(he – hw)
Q=
ln(re/rw)
2π(500 ft/day)(16 ft)(10 ft)
=
ln[2000 ft/(2/12 ft)
= 53,515.8 ft3/day

= (53,515.8 ft3/day) x (1m3/ (3.28)3ft3) x (1000 li/m3)

x (1 day/86400 sec)
= 17.55 li/sec
QUESTION NO. 10
Given a shallow tubewell with maximum discharge of 15 lps and a
total dynamic head of 7 meters. Determine the power rating of the
primemover for the pump if pump and primemover efficiencies are
60% and 55%, respectively.

a. 4.0 hp
b. 3.5 hp
c. 4.2 hp
d. 5.0 hp
QUESTION NO. 10
Given a shallow tubewell with maximum discharge of 15 lps and a
total dynamic head of 7 meters. Determine the power rating of the
primemover for the pump if pump and primemover efficiencies are
60% and 55%, respectively.

Answer
c. 4.2 hp
Solution

Rated HP
(15 li/sec) x (1m3/1000 li) x (62.4 lbs/ft3) x 7m x (3.28ft/m)
=
(550 ft−lbs/sec−hp) x 0.6 x 0.55
= 4.2 hp
QUESTION NO. 11
What is the discharge in each sprinkler nozzle to irrigate a rectangular
piece of land 150m x 180m if the laterals are set parallel to the longer
side of the field. Sprinkler spacing is 6m x 6m, irrigation water
requirement is 150 mm and irrigation period is 6 hours.

a. 0.250 lps
b. 0.375 lps
c. 0.500 lps
d. 0.125 lps
QUESTION NO. 11
What is the discharge in each sprinkler nozzle to irrigate a rectangular
piece of land 150m x 180m if the laterals are set parallel to the longer
side of the field. Sprinkler spacing is 6m x 6m, irrigation water
requirement is 150 mm and irrigation period is 6 hours.

Answer
a. 0.250 lps
Solution

Q = 6m x 6m x (0.15m/6hrs) x (1hr/3600sec) x (1000li/m3)

Q = 0.250 lps
QUESTION NO. 12
Determine the irrigation interval for a farm with soil root zone having
a field capacity of 200 mm and a wilting point of 105 mm. Assume
that the consumptive use for August is 7.5 mm/day with no rainfall
and the allowable moisture depletion is 75%.

a. 11 days
b. 9 days
c. 4 days
d. 7 days
QUESTION NO. 12
Determine the irrigation interval for a farm with soil root zone having
a field capacity of 200 mm and a wilting point of 105 mm. Assume
that the consumptive use for August is 7.5 mm/day with no rainfall
and the allowable moisture depletion is 75%.

Answer
b. 9 days
Solution

Iint = (FC – WP)(AMD) / CU

= ((200 – 105)mm x 0.75) / 7.5 mm/day
= 9.5 days or 9 days
QUESTION NO. 13
What is the depth of water in a trapezoidal channel with a side slope
of 2 and carrying a 3.2 m3/s water flow? The channel’s bottom width
is 1.5 meters and the flowing water has a velocity of 0.85 m/s.

a. 1.8 m
b. 1.79 m
c. 1.05 m
d. 1.04 m
QUESTION NO. 13
What is the depth of water in a trapezoidal channel with a side slope
of 2 and carrying a 3.2 m3/s water flow? The channel’s bottom width
is 1.5 meters and the flowing water has a velocity of 0.85 m/s.

Answer
c. 1.05 m
Solution

Q =AV
A= Q/V = (3.2 m3/s) / (0.85 m/s)
= 3.765 m2
A= by + zy2
3.765 = 1.5y + 2y2
Compute for y = 1.05m
QUESTION NO. 14
What is the design discharge of a canal to be able to deliver a 7-day
requirement of a 5-ha farm in 12 hours if the irrigation requirement is
8 mm/day?

a. 65 m3/s
b. 6.5 m3/s
c. 0.65 m3/s
d. 0.065 m3/s
QUESTION NO. 14
What is the design discharge of a canal to be able to deliver a 7-day
requirement of a 5-ha farm in 12 hours if the irrigation requirement is
8 mm/day?

Answer
d. 0.065 m3/s
Solution

5 ha x (10,000m2/ha) x (8mm/day) x (1m/1000mm) x 7 days)

Q=
12 hrs x (1hr/3600sec)
Q = 0.0648 m3/s
Q = 0.065 m3/s
QUESTION NO. 15
Determine the maximum total head at which a 5-hp centrifugal pump
can extract water at a rate of 25 lps if pump efficiency is 65%.

a. 25.32 ft
b. 32.48 ft
c. 33.39 ft
d. 35.12 ft
QUESTION NO. 15
Determine the maximum total head at which a 5-hp centrifugal pump
can extract water at a rate of 25 lps if pump efficiency is 65%.

Answer
b. 32.48 ft
Solution

BHPE
BHP = γQH/EP or H =
γQ
5 hp x 0.65 x (550ft−lbs/sec−hp) x (1ft/62.4 lbs)
H=
25 li/sec x (1m3/1000 li) x (3.28 3 ft3/m3)
H = 32.48 ft
QUESTION NO. 16
Determine the irrigation interval for a farm with soil root zone having
a field capacity of 200 mm and a wilting point of 140 mm. Assume
that the consumptive use is 6 mm/day with no rainfall and the
allowable moisture depletion is 75%

a. 8 days
b. 9 days
c. 7 days
d. 10 days
QUESTION NO. 16
Determine the irrigation interval for a farm with soil root zone having
a field capacity of 200 mm and a wilting point of 140 mm. Assume
that the consumptive use is 6 mm/day with no rainfall and the
allowable moisture depletion is 75%

Answer
a. 8 days
Solution

Int
= (FC-WP)(AMD)/CU
= ((200-140)mm x 0.75)/ 6mm/day
= 7.5 or 8 days
QUESTION NO. 17
What is the design discharge of a canal to be able to deliver a 6-day
requirement of a 6-ha farm in 9 hours if the irrigation requirement is
8 mm/day?

a. 88.9 m3/s
b. 8.89 m3/s
c. 0.889 m3/s
d. 0.0889 m3/s
QUESTION NO. 17
What is the design discharge of a canal to be able to deliver a 6-day
requirement of a 6-ha farm in 9 hours if the irrigation requirement is
8 mm/day?

Answer
d. 0.0889 m3/s
Solution

Q = Ad/t
6 ha x (10,000 m2/ha) x (0.008 m/day) x 6 days x (1hr/3600sec)
Q=
9 hrs
Q = 0.0889 m3/sec
QUESTION NO. 18
A soil with root zone depth of 1.2 meters has 24% initial volumetric
moisture content, volumetric field capacity and permanent wilting
point of 30% and 15%, respectively and 50% allowable moisture
depletion. The initial depth of water in the soil is

a. 43.2 mm
b. 270 mm
c. 288 mm
d. 360 mm
QUESTION NO. 18
A soil with root zone depth of 1.2 meters has 24% initial volumetric
moisture content, volumetric field capacity and permanent wilting
point of 30% and 15%, respectively and 50% allowable moisture
depletion. The initial depth of water in the soil is

Answer
c. 288 mm
Solution

Pv = d/D
Initial depth, d = Pv x D
d = (0.24) (1.2 m x 1000 mm/m)
d = 288 mm
QUESTION NO. 19
In previous Problem, when the soil reaches _____, irrigation should
be done

a. 43.2 mm
b. 270 mm
c. 288 mm
d. 360 mm
QUESTION NO. 19
In previous Problem, when the soil reaches _____, irrigation should
be done

Answer
b. 270 mm
Solution

FC = 0.3 x 1,200
= 360 mm
AMD = (0.5)(FC-WP)
= (0.5)(360-180)
= 90 mm
WP = 0.15 x 1,200
= 180 mm
WP + AMD
= 180 + 90
= 270 mm
QUESTION NO. 20
A 20-ft thick confined aquifer with hydraulic conductivity of 400
ft/day was tapped by a 4inch diameter shallow tube well. With a
radius of influence of 2,500 ft, determine the maximum discharge of
the STW in liters per second. Assume an allowable drawdown of 12
ft?

a. 22.17
b. 20.57
c. 62.71
d. 25.63
QUESTION NO. 20
A 20-ft thick confined aquifer with hydraulic conductivity of 400
ft/day was tapped by a 4inch diameter shallow tube well. With a
radius of influence of 2,500 ft, determine the maximum discharge of
the STW in liters per second. Assume an allowable drawdown of 12
ft?

Answer
b. 20.57
Solution

2πkt(he – hw)
Q=
ln(re/rw)
2π(400 ft/day)(20 ft)(12 ft)
=
ln(2,500/0.17)
= 67.52 ft3 /day

m 3 day 1000 li
3
= (67.52 ft /day) x x x
3
(3.28)3 ft 𝟖𝟔𝟒𝟎𝟎𝒔𝒆𝒄 m3
= 20.57 lps
QUESTION NO. 21
A 21.6 mm/day water requirement is equivalent to

a. 23.8 gpm/ha
b. 0.9 lps/ha
c. 2.5 lps/ha
d. 14.3 gpm/ha
QUESTION NO. 21
A 21.6 mm/day water requirement is equivalent to

Answer
c. 2.5 lps/ha
Solution

= (21.6mm/day) x (m/1000mm) x (10000m2/ha)

x (day/86400sec) x (1000li/m3)
= 2.5 lps/ha
QUESTION NO. 22
In a 5 ha area, it was determined that the soil volumetric field
capacity and permanent wilting point are 25% and 15%, respectively.
Crop consumptive use is 5 mm/day, application efficiency is 80% and
irrigation application rate is 32 m3/hr. The allowable soil moisture
depletion is 60%, apparent specific gravity is 1.2 and the depth of root
zone is 0.8 m. The net depth of irrigation water to be applied is

a. 80 mm b. 48 mm
c. 24 mm d. 36 mm
QUESTION NO. 22
In a 5 ha area, it was determined that the soil volumetric field
capacity and permanent wilting point are 25% and 15%, respectively.
Crop consumptive use is 5 mm/day, application efficiency is 80% and
irrigation application rate is 32 m3/hr. The allowable soil moisture
depletion is 60%, apparent specific gravity is 1.2 and the depth of root
zone is 0.8 m. The net depth of irrigation water to be applied is

Answer
b. 48 mm
Solution

dnet = (AMD)(FC-WP)(D)
= (0.6)(0.25-0.15)(800mm)
= 48 mm
QUESTION NO. 23
In previous problem, the gross depth of irrigation water to be applied
is

a. 100 mm
b. 60 mm
c. 64 mm
d. 38 mm
QUESTION NO. 23
In previous problem, the gross depth of irrigation water to be applied
is

Answer
b. 60 mm
Solution

dgross = dnet /Ea

= 48/0.8
= 60 mm
QUESTION NO. 24
In previous problem, the irrigation interval, in days is

a. 10
b. 5
c. 9
d. 4
QUESTION NO. 24
In previous problem, the irrigation interval, in days is

Answer
a. 10
Solution

Int = dnet /CU

= (48 mm)/(5 mm/day)
= 9.6 or 10 days
QUESTION NO. 25
In previous problem, the irrigation period, in hours is

a. 93
b. 47
c. 230
d. 94
QUESTION NO. 25
In previous problem, the irrigation period, in hours is

Answer
a. 93
Solution

Irrigation period = Adgross /Q

= 5ha x (10000m2/ha x 0.06m) /(32m3/hr)
= 93 m3/hr
QUESTION NO. 26
A rectangular piece of land 180m x 240m is laid out with one-sided
sprinkler irrigation system. Laterals are set parallel to the longer side
of the field. Sprinkler spacing is 6m x 6m, irrigation water
requirement is 150 mm and irrigation period is 6 hours. Laterals are
set on only one side of the mainline. The sprinkler discharge is

a. 0.50 lps
b. 0.375 lps
c. 0.250 lps
d. 0.125 lps
QUESTION NO. 26
A rectangular piece of land 180m x 240m is laid out with one-sided
sprinkler irrigation system. Laterals are set parallel to the longer side
of the field. Sprinkler spacing is 6m x 6m, irrigation water
requirement is 150 mm and irrigation period is 6 hours. Laterals are
set on only one side of the mainline. The sprinkler discharge is

Answer
c. 0.250 lps
Solution

Q = ((6m x 6m)/6 hours) x ((0.15xhr)/3600sec) x (1000li/mm3)

= 0.25 lps
QUESTION NO. 27
In previous problem, determine the number of lateral positions

a. 30
b. 20
c. 40
d. 60
QUESTION NO. 27
In previous problem, determine the number of lateral positions

Answer
a. 30
Solution

No. of lateral positions

= 180/6
= 30
QUESTION NO. 28
In previous problem, determine the number of sprinklers/lateral

a. 30
b. 20
c. 40
d. 60
QUESTION NO. 28
In previous problem, determine the number of sprinklers/lateral

Answer
c. 40
Solution

No. of sprinkler/lateral
= 240/6
= 40
QUESTION NO. 29
The field in previous problem is installed with hand-moved system
and 2 sets of laterals can be installed per day. Calculate the minimum
number of laterals that can be installed per set if there are 5
operating days per irrigation interval

a. 2
b. 4
c. 3
d. 1
QUESTION NO. 29
The field in previous problem is installed with hand-moved system
and 2 sets of laterals can be installed per day. Calculate the minimum
number of laterals that can be installed per set if there are 5
operating days per irrigation interval

Answer
c. 3
Solution

No. of laterals/set
= total no. of laterals/5days
= 30/5
= 6 lat/set

Since there are 2 sets of laterals, then the minimum no. of laterals per
set
= 6/2
= 3 laterals
QUESTION NO. 30
What should be the irrigation frequency if the depth of water needed
is 42 mm. The potential ET is 7.6 mm/day and the crop coefficient is
0.95.

a. 4 days
b. 6 days
c. 8 days
d. None of the above
QUESTION NO. 30
What should be the irrigation frequency if the depth of water needed
is 42 mm. The potential ET is 7.6 mm/day and the crop coefficient is
0.95.

Answer
b. 6 days
Solution

Eta = 0.95 x 7.6 mm/day

= 7.22 mm/day

If = dnet/peakETa
= 42mm/7.22 mm/day
= 5.82 days
= 6 days
QUESTION NO. 31
A trapezoidal channel has a base width of 6 meters and a side slope
of 1H:1V. The channel bottom slope is 0.0002 and the Manning
roughness coefficient is 0.014. What is the depth of flow if Q = 12.1
m3/s?

a. 1.5 m
b. 1.3 m
c. 1.7 m
d. 1.1 m
QUESTION NO. 31
A trapezoidal channel has a base width of 6 meters and a side slope
of 1H:1V. The channel bottom slope is 0.0002 and the Manning
roughness coefficient is 0.014. What is the depth of flow if Q = 12.1
m3/s?

Answer
a. 1.5 m
Solution

𝐴 = 𝑦 (𝑏 + 𝑧𝑦)
𝑃 = 𝑏 + 2𝑦 √(1 + 𝑧2)
Q = 1/n (AR2/3) (S1/2)
y(6+1y) 2/3
12.1 = (1/0.014) y (6+1y) x ( ) x 0.00021/2
6+2y √(1+12)

By trialand error:
y = 1.5 m
QUESTION NO. 32
A trapezoidal channel has a base width of 6 meters and a side slope
of 1H:1V. The channel bottom slope is 0.0002 and the Manning
roughness coefficient is 0.014. What will be the state of flow if the
depth of flow is 1.5 m?

a. Critical
b. Sub-critical
c. Supercritical
d. Laminar
QUESTION NO. 32
A trapezoidal channel has a base width of 6 meters and a side slope
of 1H:1V. The channel bottom slope is 0.0002 and the Manning
roughness coefficient is 0.014. What will be the state of flow if the
depth of flow is 1.5 m?

Answer
b. Sub-critical
Solution

F=v/ √(gD) 𝐷 = 𝐴/𝑇 𝑇 = 𝑏 + 2𝑦

𝐴 = 𝑦 (𝑏 + 𝑧𝑦)
= 1.5 (6 + 1 (1.5))
= 11.25 𝑚2
𝑇 = 6 + 2 1.5
= 9𝑚
D = Q/A
= 12.1/11.25
= 1.076 m/s
F = 1.076 / √(9.81x1.25)
= 0.307
Since 0.307 < 1, therefore the flow is subcritical
QUESTION NO. 33
A trapezoidal channel carrying 400 cfs is built with nonerodible bed
having a slope of 0.0016 and n = 0.025. Determine the depth of water,
y if b = 20 ft and z = 2

a. 3.36 ft
b. 2.87 ft
c. 5.72 ft
d. 4.13 ft
QUESTION NO. 33
A trapezoidal channel carrying 400 cfs is built with nonerodible bed
having a slope of 0.0016 and n = 0.025. Determine the depth of water,
y if b = 20 ft and z = 2

Answer
a. 3.36 ft
Solution

AR2/3 = (0.025 𝑥 400)/(1.486 √(0.0016)

= 167.7
Where: 𝐴 = (𝑏 + 𝑧𝑦) 𝑦
𝒃+𝒛𝒚 𝒚
R=
𝒃+𝟐𝒚 √(𝟏+𝒛𝟐 )

Substituting A and R in the above equation:

/
𝟓 𝟑
( 𝟐𝟎+𝟐𝒚 𝒚)
167.7 = 𝟐/𝟑
(𝟐𝟎+𝟐𝒚 √ 𝟏+𝟐 𝟐

Y = 3.36 ft
QUESTION NO. 34
On previous problem, determine the crosssectional area, A of the
channel.

a. 72.36 ft2
b. 89.78 ft2
c. 63.56 ft2
d. 83.92 ft2
QUESTION NO. 34
On previous problem, determine the crosssectional area, A of the
channel.

Answer
b. 89.78 ft2
Solution

𝐴 = (20 + (2 x 3.36)) x 3.36

= 89.78𝑓𝑡2
QUESTION NO. 35
On previous problem, determine the best hydraulic section?

a. y = 3.36 ft; b = 3.74 ft

b. y = 4.52 ft; b = 6.26 ft
c. y = 6.60 ft; b = 7.62 ft
d. y = 7.81 ft; b = 9.76 ft
QUESTION NO. 35
On previous problem, determine the best hydraulic section?

Answer
c. y = 6.60 ft; b = 7.62 ft
Solution

For Best Hydraulic Section (Trapezoidal section):

𝐴 = √(3) y2
R=½y
Since section factor, 𝐴𝑅2/3 = 167.7. Simplify and compute for y;
Then 𝒚 = 6.6 ft
The water area, 𝐴 = √(3)(6.6)2
= 75.45𝑓𝑡2
Since the best hydraulic trapezoidal section is the half hexagon, the side
slopes are 1 on 3/3. Computing for bottom width,
b =A/y – zy
= 74.45/6.6 – (√ (3)/3) 6.6
= 7.62 ft