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    Organic Lecture

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    Symonette Octura
    Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds and their reactions. It is important because carbon forms the basis of life, allowing molecules to link together into long chains and complex structures. Carbon has four valence electrons, allowing it to form strong bonds with many other elements, particularly other carbon atoms, resulting in stable and varied organic molecules essential to living things.

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    Organic Lecture

    Uploaded by

    Symonette Octura
    29 views3 pages
    Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds and their reactions. It is important because carbon forms the basis of life, allowing molecules to link together into long chains and complex structures. Carbon has four valence electrons, allowing it to form strong bonds with many other elements, particularly other carbon atoms, resulting in stable and varied organic molecules essential to living things.

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    ORGANIC LECTURE

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    Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds and their reactions. It is important because carbon forms the basis of life, allowing molecules to link together into long chains and complex structures. Carbon has four valence electrons, allowing it to form strong bonds with many other elements, particularly other carbon atoms, resulting in stable and varied organic molecules essential to living things.

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    29 views3 pages

    Organic Lecture

    Uploaded by

    Symonette Octura
    Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds and their reactions. It is important because carbon forms the basis of life, allowing molecules to link together into long chains and complex structures. Carbon has four valence electrons, allowing it to form strong bonds with many other elements, particularly other carbon atoms, resulting in stable and varied organic molecules essential to living things.

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    LECTURE: ORGANIC - Is the study of molecules containing he

    CHEMISTRY: carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bond and their


    CARBON CHEMISTRY reactions.

    What organic chemists do?


    NH3 or ammonium hydroxide - Usually conduct research and
    - Colorless, highly pungent gas development in a laboratory setting.
    - Would include the development of a
    Graphite and clay better painkilling drug, formulating a
    - pencil lead made of other than pb. shampoo that would result in silkier
    hair, making a stain resistant carpet, of
    Why is it that the human body is called a finding a non-toxic insect repellant.
    complex machine? - Common household chemicals, foods,
    - Your body is an incredibly complex plastics, drugs, fuels…
    chemical machine taking in chemicals
    and food, causing countless reactions Why organic chemistry important?
    to occur every second. - It is the study of life and all of the
    chemical reactions related to life.
    Your body is made up of: - Several careers apply an understanding
    - 25 elements make up living things of organic chemistry, such as doctors,
    - 97% of the body is made of: veterinarians, dentists, pharmacologist,
    oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen chemical engineer, and chemists.
    - The two main elements are
    Phosphorous and sulfur Importance of organic chemistry:
    1. Medicine:
    Elements in our body - Is the prime storage of organic
    - 0.004% iron compounds.
    - 53% carbon - Organic chemistry can be studied in
    three parts in medicine as:
    Major compounds a. Drugs to cure disease
    - The human body relies on water and b. Pathophysiology of the diseases
    salt. 60-65% or 2/3 of our body c. To diagnose the disease
    consists of water. - Organic chemistry in diagnosis aims to
    check for the organic functional group
    Carbon compounds levels as a parameter of the disturbed
    - Also known as organic compound substance in the body.
    - Carbon is important in all living things
    because of its ability to bond
    - Example of forms of carbon that are
    not living things are diamond, graphite, 2. Food:
    and charcoal - Food materials are solely made of
    - Non-organic compounds, and carbon compounds carbohydrates
    compounds without carbon are called (CHO), proteins (NH2-CH-COOH),
    inorganic compounds. and fats (CH-COO-CH)
    - Even vitamins are organic in nature.
    What is organic chemistry? - Among beverages, alcohol is inorganic
    - Chemistry of living things substance.
    - The chemistry of compound
    - Is the study of carbon and the
    chemistry of life.
    3. Cleansing Agents: 5. Explosives
    - In industries and labs, organic solvents - Nitroglycerine, nitrocellulose, T.N.B,
    are widely used to clear of impurities. T.N.T, etc.

    4. Sterilizing Agents: 6. Dyes


    5. Analytical Substances - Indigo, malachite green, alizarin etc
    6. Valuables
    7. Insecticides
    Applications of organic chemistry - D.D.T, gammaxene, malathion, etc

    1. For analysis 8. Household and other common articles


    - Not all organic substances are soluble - Soaps, cosmetics, perfumes,
    in water. So, they analyze by non- detergents, paper, rubber, plastics,
    aqueous titration. For this they use leather, etc
    organic solvent like pyridine,
    methanol, acetone etc. Why is life-based on the element
    carbon?
    2. For synthesis
    - Organic chemistry helps us synthesis 1. Carbon atoms can link together to form
    many compounds which are needed on stable chains of great length
    a large scale. 2. Carbon atoms bind strongly to each
    other and form very large molecules
    3. For better molecules which are built around this carbon
    - If a molecule has already been used for backbone.
    a long time, It can be replaced by
    similar molecule with slight change in Monomers
    its chemistry. This change is aimed at - Simple sub-units are linked together by
    more effective performance. condensation reactions.

    Importance role of organic chemistry in


    human life

    1. Food What makes carbon so special?


    - Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins
    enzymes, etc. • It has a central role in all living
    2. Clothes organisms.
    - Cotton, silk, wool, nylon, rayon, • It has 4 valence electrons
    dacron, etc. • It makes 4 covalent bonds
    • It can bond with any element
    3. Fuels • Loves to bond with other atoms and
    - Coal, wood, natural gas, petrol, etc. make long chains
    4. Medicines 3 Types of Carbon Bonds
    - Penicillin, streptomycin,
    chloromycetin, sulphadiazine, 1. Single bond
    morphine, aspirin, iodoform, cocaine, 2. Double bond
    etc. 3. Triple bond
    3 Types of Carbon Backbones Why are there no life forms based on
    silicon? Silicon is similar to carbon
    1. Straight chain
    - Carbon atoms are connected one after Silicon is unsuitable because, although it is
    another. a valence IV element like carbon (4
    2. Branched-chain electrons to share), BUT the silicon-silicon
    - The chain of carbon atoms branches covalent bond is not strong enough for it to
    when a carbon atom bonds to more form long stable chains.
    than two other carbon atoms.
    So, it cannot form molecules of the
    3. Ring complexity needed to make up cells like
    - The chain of carbon atoms forms a carbon can!
    ring.
    Why are there no life forms based on
    Carbon forms long chains silicon?

    • One carbon chain may contain • Reactions of Silicon are much slower
    hundreds of carbon atoms. than reactions of Carbon.
    • Unlike other elements, carbon atoms
    can bond to each other to form very • Bonds between Si and Si or between Si
    long chains. and H are not as stable as the bond
    between Si and O.
    • One carbon chain may contain
    hundreds of carbon atoms. Notice how
    • Molecules based on Si and H are not
    the CH2 units repeat.
    very stable in the presence of water.
    • A very large carbon-based molecule • Silicone is a substance that comes in
    made of repeating units is called a liquid, gel, or rubber-like form. It is
    polymer. Each unit of a polymer is used in breast implants during
    called a monomer. Polymers can be augmentation or reconstructive surgery.
    thousands of atoms long.
    • Solid silicone (dimethyl siloxane)
    implants have been using in facial
    Carbon forms Rings
    cosmetic surgery since the 1950's.
    Unlike liquid-filled silicone breast
    • Carbon-based molecules also can be implants, solid silicone implants do not
    shaped like rings. Most carbon rings leach into the body and have been used
    contain 5 or 6 carbon atoms. for many years in medical procedures
    • One of the most important carbon rings such as joint prostheses and heart valve
    is benzene. replacement.
    • It has 6 carbons & 6 hydrogens, with
    alternating double bonds.
    • Many compounds are based on
    Benzene.
    • They often have very strong smells or
    aromas, so they are called aromatic
    compounds.
    • An example of one aromatic
    compound is a molecule called
    vanillin.

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