Safety Awareness
Safety Awareness
Safety Awareness
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Types of Cranes
• Mobile Telescopic • Overhead Traveling
• Crawler Lattice • Wall
• Side Lift • Gantry
• All Terrain • Semi-Gantry
• Truck Mounted • Cantilever
• Articulating • Straddle/Mobile
• Barge/Floating/Ship Gantry
• Railroad • Tower/Derrick
• Aerial/Helicopter Hammer Head
• Stiff-leg Derrick
Most Common Types of Cranes
in Construction
Crawler Lattice
Wheel-Mounted Telescoping
Tower Crane
Crane Hazards
• Contact with power lines
• Overturns
• Falls
• Mechanical failures
• Moving parts
• Improper load rating
• Excessive speeds
• No hand signals
•
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Inadequate inspection and
maintenance
Crane Hazards (cont.)
• Unguarded parts
• Unguarded swing radius
• Working too close to power lines
• Improper exhaust system
• Shattered windows
• No steps/guardrails walkways
• No boom angle indicator
• Not using outriggers
Who is at Risk?
• Operators
• Persons at Crane Site
Power Lines
The greatest risk for cranes is contacting power lines.
Power Lines
Stay clear from power lines at least
10 feet under 50kv.
If the voltage of the power lines is
unknown, stay at least 20 feet away
or more and immediately contact
your employer so that they may
contact the utility provider to
determine voltage of the power
lines.
Warning: Power lines can carry
50kv, 250kv, 350kv, 500kv or more.
The higher the kv the greater the
risk of arcing and employee injury
and property damage.
Improper Load
Unguarded
Chain Drive
Ladder
Runways and
steps need to
have
guardrails,
handholds and
slip resistant
surfaces.
Common Reasons Accidents Occur
• Instability – unsecured load, load capacity
exceeded, or ground not level or too soft
• Lack of communication – the point of
operation is a distance from the crane
operator or not in full view of the operator
• Lack of training – inadequate maintenance
or inspection
Safety Measures
Planning Before Start-Up
• Level the crane and ensure support surface is firm and able to
support the load.
• Contact power line owners and determine precautions. Know
the location and voltage of overhead power lines.
• Know the basic crane capacities, limitations, and job site
restrictions, such as the location of power lines, unstable soil,
or high winds.
• Make other personnel aware of hoisting activities.
• Barricade areas within swing radius.
• Ensure proper maintenance and inspections.
• Determine safe areas to store materials and place machinery.
Suspended Loads
• Center of gravity
• Leverage
• Stability
• Structural
integrity
Load Example – 30 Ton Crane
• Will lift 60,000 pounds at 10 feet from
the center pin of the crane
• Based on level surface, no wind, and
outriggers fully extended
• At 25 feet from the center pin with an 80
foot boom, the capacity is only 14,950
pounds
• At 74 feet from the center pin, the
capacity is only 4,800 pounds
Communication is Key
Hand Signals
Standard and Alternative Signals
Hand signal charts must be either posted on the
equipment or conspicuously posted in the vicinity
of the hoisting operations.
When using non-standard hand signals, the signal
person, operator, and lift director (where there is
one) must contact each other prior to the
operation and agree on the non-standard hand
signals that will be used.
Hand signal charts must be either posted on the
equipment or conspicuously posted in the vicinity
of the hoisting operation.
Maintenance, Inspection and
Crane Certification
Inspections - Each Shift