Technical English 1

(Investigative Report Writing and Presentation)

CDI 5

Midterm

Topic #1

ANATOMY OF CRIME as explained by Commissioner Dir. Gen. Miguel

Coronel.PETAR

WHAT ARE THE ELEMENTS FOR A CRIME TO HAPPEN?

"For any crime to happen, there are three (3) elements or ingredients that must be
present at the same time and place. These are the MOTIVES, the
INSTRUMENTALITIES and the OPPORTUNITIES. The motives are the reasons or
causes why a person or groups of persons perpetuate a crime. Examples are
disputes, economic gain, jealousy, revenge, insanity, and thrill. Intoxication, drug
addiction and many others.

INSTRUMENTALITIES

OPPORTUNITIES

MOTIVES

The Instrumentalities are the means or instruments used in the commission of

the crime. It could be firearm, a bolo, a fan knife, an icepick, poison or obnoxious
substance, a crow bar, a battery-operated hand drill for carnapping, motor vehicle,
etc. Both the Motives and instrumentalities belong to and are harbored and wielded
respectively by the criminal.

The opportunities consist of the acts of omission and/or commission by a

person (the victim) which enable another person or group of persons (the criminal/s)
to perpetrate the crime. Illustrative examples include leaving one's home or car
unattended for a long time, walking all alone in a well-known crime prone alley,
wearing expensive jewelries in slum area, readily admitting a stranger into one's
residence and the like. Opportunity is synonymous with carelessness, acts of
indiscretion and lack of crime prevention-consciousness on the part of the victim.

Whether the crime incident would happen or not, it will depend on the
presence and merging of MOTIVES, INSTRUMENTALITIES and OPPORTUNITIES
at the same time and the same place. The absence of any one ingredient, out of the
three, will mean that there shall be no crime. The most that could happen is an
accident arising out of reckless imprudence; since there is no motive. A freak crime
incident shall occur when all the three elements are present and merged at the same
time and the same place; but the victim is not the intended one, due to mistaken
identity."

WHAT IS POLICE VISIBILITY?

When we talk about police visibility, we should not limit ourselves to just presence or
being actually physically present. POLICE VISIBILITY is more than that.

WHAT ARE THE (3) THREE THINGS THAT WE SHOULD CONSIDER IN POLICE
VISIBILITY?

1. Physical Presence,

2. The Patrolling Scheme; and

3. Response

YES, Physical Presence at the area or at the crime scene is very important. It is
the immediate feedback to the public that their police is on the job. Although we may
be actually present in the area but because oftentimes, we are not in proper police
uniform, the community fails to physically see our police presence in the area. How
many times have we seen police personnel when respond in civilian clothes, in T-
shirts and shorts even. Because of the non- wearing of uniform, the police is seen by
the community to look more like criminals than police. Surprisingly too, the
community when ask to pinpoint the nearest Police unit cannot actually locate their
nearest police units or headquarters. There should be standard police sign easy to
identify and recognize.

Another aspect of police visibility is our Patrolling Scheme, Various patrol

components are joined together to complement and support one another to ensure a
widespread and redundant coverage. We optimize the deployment of various patrol
elements to have a truly effective crime deterrence.

The area where the PNP is most often criticized, is the third aspect of police
visibility, that of response. The Police Response should be proper, adequate and that
it really satisfies the requirement, and most especially be timely to compensate for
non-presence.

POLICE VISIBILITY

PHYSICAL PRESENCE

• Visible as a police
 • Easy to locate units

PATROLLING SCHEME

• Mobile

• Integrated

• Widespread, supportive and

• Redundant coverage

RESPONSE

• Proper

• Adequate

• Timely (ideal: 5 minutes)

WHAT ARE NOTEBOOKS AND JOURNAL ENTRIES FOR?

The notebook is one of the basic piece equipments which a number of

policemen now a days fail to appreciate and utilize. The notebook shall be playing a
significant role as all subsequent actions expected of the Police Community
Precincts Commander (and even personnel from higher headquarters) will depend
on matters recorded in the notebook which eventually will have to be reflected in the
PBS journal.

Journals exclusively for the PBS shall be maintained at each Police

Community Precincts. While recording matters in the journal shall be the individual
responsibility of every Beat Policeman, taking action and reporting matters reflected
therein shall be the duty of the Police Community Precincts Commander.

Entries in both the notebook and the journal shall answer the basic questions
of WHAT, WHO, WHEN, WHERE, WHY and HOW of an incident or problem
encountered by a Beat Policeman particularly those problems to be discussed as
you get along with the problems you encountered.
 GUIDELINES IN THE PREPARATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF
DEPARTMENTAL GENERAL ORDERS, SPECIAL ORDERS, CIRCULARS AND
MEMORANDA

GENERAL ORDERS-orders and/or r directives covering organizational set-up,

duties, constitution of committees, including departmental commendations for
officers, and civilian employees, General orders are prepared for signature of t the
Superintendent. members

SPECIAL ORDERS dealing on assignments, transfer, temporary duty or

special training, etc. of personnel. Special orders (SO) are prepared for signature of
the Deputy Superintendent under the correspondent line authority.

NUMBERED MEMORANDUM- is a department-wide directions or orders

prescribing guidelines, standing procedures, policies, rules and regulations which are
intended for compliance/implementation on permanent or continuing basis. These
orders are prepared for signature of the Deputy Superintendent under the usual line
authority.

MEMORANDA (unnumbered) - This is another form of dissemination of

directives or orders which are intended for compliance/ implementation on temporary
basis or lasting only for a short period. Memoranda are also used for dissemination
by quoting therein letters of appreciation and other communications from other
offices or individuals, for informative purposes. They are prepared either for
signature of the Superintendent or the Deputy Superintendent depending on the
importance of the matter. (This was prepared by A. Talatala, Adm. Asst. O/As,IMB)

The term Technical as explained by Isaias Alma Jose refers to the disciplines
within the specific field of science and this refers to Police Science. In this book we
want to teach our students how to write FACTUALLY, COMPLETELY, CONCISELY,
ACCURATELY, CLEARLY and OBJECTIVELY on what aspects of police action is
initiated, pursued and accomplished. In short Technical English discipline is involved
because the subject matter to be written falls within the general field of science-basic
police action and crime investigation.

CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION as defined by Basilio Cael in his book: A Guide

to Criminal Investigation. It is the collection and analysis of facts/truth about persons,
things places, subject of a crime to identify the guilty party, locate the whereabouts of
the guilty party, and provide admissible evidences to establish the guilt of parties
involved in a crime.

Criminal Investigation covers a broad activity concerning crimes against

persons, property, security of the state, and other crimes such as syndicated
organized crimes of kidnappings, illegal drug trade and trafficking, assassinations,
bank robberies, carnappings, computer crimes, money laundering, religious crimes,
white slavery among others.

In investigation work, the investigator's effectiveness rest on his adequate

knowledge, skills and the experiences about investigative techniques, methods,
procedures, rules and policies to include the 5 W's and 1 H. He must be able to find
the truth about a crime as he persistently endeavors to seek answers to the
following:

• WHAT offense has been committed?

• WHERE was the offense committed?
• WHO committed the offense?
• WHEN was the offense committed?
• WHY was the offense committed?
• HOW was the offense committed ?

It is therefore a must that investigators are to be educated, trained in such a way

that they make their specialty and they must be taken cared of to be assigned in their
job permanently because of the nature of their investigative work, knowledge and
skills. To transfer them to other assignments would jeopardize criminal investigation
especially those cases needing follow-up and case undergoing adjudication in
courts. The effectiveness of investigation is cut whenever a new assignment affects
investigators and many cases remain unsolved if not neglected. Among other
factors, this in some area in police management that is neglected by the PNP. To
validate this argument, take the way the National Bureau of Investigation is doing
their job, not only are they qualified as lawyers/accountants but they undergo
continuous investigation training although investigation is their main work.

Constant training, practices, and retraining the better, so the expert say;
mediocrity can never be tolerated in investigation work.

WHAT ARE THE GOALS OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION?

The criminal investigator must not forget and bear in mind the goals of why he
is investigating, namely:

a. To determine if crime has been committed;

b. To legally obtain information and evidences to identify persons responsible;

c. To arrest suspects;

d. To recover stolen property, and

e. To complete presentation of case to appropriate authority

WHAT ARE THE TOOLS OF AN INVESTIGATOR IN GATHERING FACTS (31'S)?

1. Information - data gathered from other persons, the victim and from other
records such as public records, private records. Modus
Operandi file.
 2. Interrogation - skillful questioning of witnesses and suspects.

3. Instrumentation - scientific examination of real evidence, application of

instruments and methods of the physical sciences in in detecting
crime such as microscope, dactyloscopy, ballistics, photography,
polygraphy and others.

Topic #2

WHAT ARE THE METHODS OF IDENTIFYING THE OFFENDERS?

The criminal investigator makes use of the following:

1. Confession

2. Eyewitnesses

3. Circumstantial evidence

4. Associate evidence

WHAT ARE STANDARD METHODS OF RECORDING INVESTIGATIVE DATA?

a. Photographs;

b. Sketches of crime scene;

c. Notes about the crime;

d. Fingerprints found at the scene

1. c. Physical evidences gathered

e. Plaster cast

f. Tapes of sounds or voices

g. Video tape record of objects or sounds

h. Written statements of subjects and witnesses; and

i. Computerized and programmed

WHAT ARE THE QUALIFICATION OF AN INVESTIGATOR?

The investigator must posses a well-rounded educational background, a lot of

experiences in the job and the right attitude. This includes other qualifications:

a. Capable of observation;

b. Rational thinker;

c. Knowledgeable about the laws on crimes, evidences, arrest,

investigative concepts, techniques, scientific aids, laboratory services,
and about criminals and their 'modus operandi';

d. Power of intellect on the sp called 6 ^ 6 sense;

e. Cooperative and can work with others;

f. Observant of professional ethics;

g. Has leadership potential, and

h. Reliable, honest, and physically, and mentally fit.

WHAT ARE THE BASIC FUNCTIONS OF AN INVESTIGATOR?

The numerous functions among others performed by investigators include:

a. Providing emergency assistance;

b. Securing the crime scene;

c. Photographing, videotaping and sketching

d. Taking notes and writing reports;

e. Searching for obtaining and processing physical evidences;

f. Obtaining information from witnesses and suspects; g. Conducting raids,

surveillance, stakeout and undercover assignment; and

g. Testifying in court;

h. Investigation monitoring and research.

WHAT IS POLICE REPORT WRITING FORM?

 Every agency has its own forms and procedures for completing operational
reports. But there is a standard format on how to prepare a report that is simple yet
complete.

We have what do you call a basic or informal report that deals with the
ordinary miscellaneous, day to day memorandum, letter, or form accomplished by
any member of the unit, section, precinct/station or department in accordance with
the prescribe general orders, special order, circulars, numbered memoranda.

WHAT ARE THE CONTENTS OF THE BASIC OR INFORMAL REPORT?

a. The heading or the letter head of the organization

b. The date of preparation or submission.

c. The person or office to whom it is addressed or submitted

d. The name of the writer or source of the report.

There are some exceptions to the rule such as but not limited to: reports of
investigation on administrative complaints and minor cases involving violation of
city/municipal ordinances, basic or informal reports are generally internal in nature. It
seldom goes out of the department What is a report? it is a permanent written record
which communicates all important facts of the case to be used in the future.

Capt. Henry M. Wrobleski, Book for the Record: Report Writing in law
Enforcement wrote;

HOW ARE THE LAW ENFORCEMENT REPORTS CLASSIFIED?

1. Administrative Reports

2. Operational Reports

Administrative reports deal with the routine functioning of the department or

agency. Such reports may cover proper uniform, reporting procedures, and
grievances. This book is primarily concerned with the second type of report,
operational reports, which deal with the activities of the law enforcement officers.

WHAT ARE THE BASIC FUNCTIONS OF THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE?

1. CRIME PREVENTION

2. CRIME SOLUTION and

3. TRAFFIC CONTROL.
 However, among these three (3) basic functions, the most basic is CRIME
PREVENTION. If we will be dealing with crime prevention or crime deterrence, we
are dealing with police visibility. This is the basic role performed by the members of
the PNP. They are required to move around in their complete and proper uniform. To
be felt and seen by the public, so that in cases of emergency, people will know that
they have someone to call for assistance and service and they will have a feeling of
security. While the criminals and would be criminals will have a feeling of fear to
commit a crime. In doing these, the members of the PNP are preventing the
commission of the crime by destroying the opportunity to commit a crime.

WHAT IS THE CONCEPT OF POLICE REPORT?

1. The common thinking about police report is any written matter prepared by
the police involving their interaction with the community.

2. A police report is an exact narration of facts discovered during the course of

crime investigation which serves as a permanent written record for future
reference.

3. It is a permanent written record of police activities classified as informal and

formal which communicates important facts concerning people involved in
criminal activities.

WHAT ARE THE FOUR (4) TYPES OF OPERATIONAL REPORTS?

1) Patrol Service Reports

2) Arrest Reports

3) Preliminary Investigation Reports

4) Supplemental Progress Reports/Follow-up Reports

Now that we already understand the different types, and classification of

reports, we will now proceed to criminal investigation. Any person who understands
police report writing cannot proceed in writing a police report until after he had
undergone criminal investigation training/ seminars and he should be a member of
the Philippine National Police.
 Topic # 3

AS INVESTIGATOR YOU SHOULD REMEMBER AND MEMORIZE

THE MIRANDA WARNING

1. YOU HAVE THE RIGHT TO REMAIN SILENT. Anything you say can be used
against you in court.

a. Do you understand and invoke your right to remain silent? Yes ___ No ___

b. Understanding that right, do you wish to talk to me now? Yes ___ No ___

2. YOU HAVE THE RIGHT TO AN ATTORNEY of your own choice and have him
present before and during questioning. if you cannot afford, one will be appointed
free of charged to represent you if you desire.

a. Do you understand, you have the right to an attorney of your own choice?
Yes ___ No ___

b. Understanding that right, do you wish to talk to me now? Yes ___ No ___

__________________________________
(Name/signature of person under
investigation)

Witnesses:

1. 2.
____________________________ _____________________________

__________________________________
(Name/signature of investigator)

Note: Require students to memorize the Miranda Warning individually. Make a

scenario of a crime scene. Then let them conduct the investigation and state the
Miranda Warning.
 CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION REPORT WRITING

PURPOSES OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION REPORT

(as presented by Basilio G. Cael & Juan Agas in their book A Guide to Criminal Investigation)

Criminal investigation reports provide facts to competent authorities and serve

as a record of investigative activity. Criminal Investigation units are essentially
responsible for collecting facts and preparing written reports, Factual information’s
are collected and reported on time to allow immediate appropriate action.

WHAT ARE THE BASIC PURPOSES OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION REPORTS?

a. To preserve knowledge/information about a case.

b. To provide accurate details about the case,

c. To aid other investigation and other agencies concerned.

d. To coordinate investigation activities within the organization.

e. To serve as reference by competent authorities.

STYLE

All reports are written in such a manner that it clearly presents only the
relevant facts. The presentation of these facts must not be distorted or confused by
the writer's manner of expression. Clarity, accuracy and brevity are emphasized
based on facts.

CRITERIA

Reports being permanent records of investigative efforts are subject to close

scrutiny at all levels of the police organization including other concerned agencies of
the government. Reports must meet certain standards or criteria, some of which are
as follows:

a. Reports must not contain vague or unclear terms.

b. Reports must be original and correct in both composition and grammar.

c. Abbreviation must be used appropriately and correctly.

d. The use of slang, colloquialisms or unnecessary technical terms should be

avoided.

e. Reports must not contain any erasures, or alterations.

 f. If any correction is to be made, then it must be corrected by changing the
entire page to contain what is correct.

g. All duplicate copies of reports must be legible, clearly readable.

h. When necessary, duplicate copies of reports must be officially authenticated.

i. Contents of reports must be factual and devoid of bias or prejudice on the part
of those making the report.

WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF REPORTS TO BE PREPARED?

INITIAL or PRELIMINARY REPORT. This is done as soon as complaint is

received. Reporting process begins when officer completes preliminary investigation
report referred to as case report.

WHAT ARE THE PURPOSES OF POLICE RECORDS?

1. Determining the nature, extent and distribution of the police problems of

crimes, delinquency, vice and traffic.

2. Determining the size and distribution of the force.

• Numerical strength versus striking power.

• Influence of patrol efficiency upon total personnel strength of a police

department.

• Functional distribution

• Geographical distribution

• Chronological distribution of force.

• Control over crimes committed and their investigation.

• Apprehending criminal offenders through a study of their modus operandi

or method of operation.

• The analysis of traffic accident

• Control over arrested and their disposition.

• Making administrative prediction.

• Revealing unusual problems and emerging situation.

• Selecting the best men for particular assignment or for promotion.

 • As a tool of criminal investigation.

• Determining the amount, nature and distribution of police equipment.

• As a basis for democratic control.

WHAT ARE THE IMPORTANCE OF POLICE RECORDS?

1. Primary means of communications among members of the police department

and the integration of various units of the organization for accomplishing the
police task and goals

2. Essential in the efficient performance of routine duties, supervision and

control of personnel and determination of department policy.

WHAT ARE THE SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS AND USES OF RECORDS?

1. Measures police efficiency;

2. Present the community's crime picture

3. Assist in assigning and promoting personnel

4. Identify individuals;

5. Provided a basis for property accountability;

6. Control investigation;

7. Make information available to the public;

8. Increase the efficiency of traffic control;

9. Assist the court and prosecutors;

10. Assist in evaluating control services;

11. Coordinate custodial activities;

12. Integrate the department; 13. Furnish data for the budget;

13. Establish responsibility;

14. reveal unusual problems;

15. Aid in the apprehension of criminals;

16. Assist other police agencies;

17. Provide the basis of compilation of police statistics;

 18. Effective employment of personnel and equipment.

WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF POLICE RECORDS?

The classifications of police records are in five (5) categories namely:

1. Case Records

2. Arrest and Booking records

3. Identification records

4. Administrative Records, and

5. Miscellaneous Records.

1. CASE RECORDS - A case record is composed of two (2) categories:

• Complaint' Assignment Sheet - which reflects all information regarding

complaints and reports received by the police from citizens, and other
agencies or actions initiated by the police.

• Investigation Report - which contains the findings and action taken by the
investigating officer based on inquiries made and by obtaining the available
facts of the incident.

2. ARREST AND BOOKING RECORDS - This record maintains the arrest and
jail booking report, which is required for all persons arrested. It is made out in
full on each person arrested. It shall bear an arrest number for each arrest
made.

3. IDENTICATION RECORDS- identification record is the third major division of

police records. Fingerprint records are the heart of any identification system. It
provides positive identification and the police must supplement it with a record
of physical characteristics and in some cases a photograph of the criminal.
Identification records have their own number series; and identification number
is assigned to each criminal to identify records relating to him.

4. ADMINISTRATIVE RECORDS - these records required in the management of

the department's personnel and designed to aid in assignments, promotion
and disciplinary action. Such records are so essential in administering
personnel matters that they must be maintained in a police department.

5. MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS - These are records, which do not relate

recorded complaints and investigation reports but are informational in
character.
HOW DO YOU DOCUMENT RECORDING AND FILING SYSTEM?

The nature of police works justifies and give emphasis on criminal records. To
be fully effective, a police records system must be:

1. Must be Comprehensive and should include every incident coming to the

attention of the police.

2. Must be Adequately indexed to permit ready reference.

3. Must be Centralized to provide adequate control and maximum utilization of

clerical personnel.

4. Must be As simple as possible, consistent with adequacy; and

5. Must Lend itself to summarization and analysis to permit continuing appraisal

of the police service.

WHAT IS CASE RECORDS?

1. Case Records - The case record is the heart of any police records system.

A. It is the basis for an analysis of offenses and the methods by which they are
committed.

B. The following are the different types of reports included under the case
records, which shall be accomplished accordingly by all concerned.

• Complaint/Assignment Sheet The complaint assignment sheet is the

foundation record of the police department.

• The desk officer, or clerk, or telephone operator receiving a call for police
assistance accomplishes it.

• Each complaint/assignment sheet shall be assigned a different number.

HOW MANY NUMBERING SYSTEM TO WE HAVE IN THE POLICE?

A. Complaint number

B. Case number

a. The complaint/assignment sheet becomes the primary document for

analysis of crime concurrences

b. While the investigative report becomes the prime documents for the
continuation of the investigative process.

c. Two (2) smooth copies of the complaint/ assignment sheet shall be made
for each complaint requiring a case report.
 C. A separate complaint/assignment sheet is required for each crime or incident
reported to the police.

D. It makes no difference whether the complaint is reported by telephone, by

letter, in person at the police desk, to an officer on duty, or otherwise.

E. The compliant/assignment sheet is registered by stamping a serial number on

each; when registered, the complaint/assignment sheet becomes a part of the
record system.

F. There shall be a consecutive series of complaint numbers assigned by the

desk officer.

G. The complaint number must not be confused with the case number

H. All incidents shall receive a complaint number, however, only those incidents
requiring a police investigation shall receive a case number.

I. The case number identifies each case and all other papers and reports
relating to it and serves as a basis for filing.

J. The desk officer receiving the call need to obtain detailed information from the
complainant but should secure the basic information needed to prepare the
complaint/ assignment sheet.

K. If the complaint is lodged in the precinct, the desk officer of the precinct shall
prepare the complaint/assignment sheet in two (2) copies indicating thereon
the complaint number assigned by the Central Record Unit.

CASE REPORT. Refers to the initial detailed listing of the facts of the case.

THE PRELIMINARY REPORT CONTAINS THE FOLLOWING:

1. The offense

2. Current date/time

3. Date and time of offense if known

4. Identification date pertaining to victim or other reporting party

5. Location of offense

6. Method of operation

7. Identification data pertaining to suspect(s)

 8. Identification of officer(s)

Note: based on eight (8) basic requirements in writing a preliminary report require
students to prepare a report based on the scenario you read in the newspaper. Let
the students follow up the case based on the newspaper until final report is
completed.

PROGRESS REPORTS. Describe progress of the investigation from time to time

and ensures constant follow-ups.
 Republic of the Philippines
NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION
SOUTHERN POLICE DISTRICT
MUNTINLUPA City police station
Women and Children Protection Desk
City of Muntinlupa

MEMORANDUM
FOR : The Honorable City Prosecutor IS No.08-K 05338
City Prosecutor's Office
Muntinlupa City

SUBJECT : INQUEST
Re: Frustrated Homicide
In relation to Violation of RA 7610 (Child Abuse)

DATE : 22 July 2009

RESPECTFULLY REFERRED for inquest to the City prosecutor's office the living person of CRISOLOGO DE CALOG Y BARRIO
and RUDY ANTONIO Y MASLOG including pertinent documents relative to as case of Frustrated Homicide in relation to
violation of RA 7610 (child abuse) committed at about 11:00 pm. of 21 January 2009 at Bagong Daan, Bayanan, Muntinlupa
City lodge by herein complainant, requesting for evaluation and proper disposition to wit:

COMPLAINANT/VICTIM:
JUAN PATRICIO BACOBOY DIOSO, 12 YRS OLD BORN on June 2, 1997, student and a resident of No. 208 Purok 5, Bayanan,
Muntinlupa City (Assisted by his mother, MRS JOANA BERNABE)

SUSPECTS (Arrested):
CRISOLOGO DE CALOG Y BARRIO, 34 yrs, old, married, Jeepney driver and a resident of Sampaguita #7 Bagong Daan,
Bayanan, Muntinlupa City,

RUDY ANTONIO Y MASLOG, 22 yrs old, single, construction worker and a resident of Sampaguita #7, Bagong DAAN,
Bayanan, Muntinlupa City.

ARRESTING OFFICERS:
B/P ENRICO VILLAMIN AND B/P ReyMUNDO ESPANOLA
Brgy. Police of Brgy , Barangay, Muntinlupa City

OFFICERS ON CASE:
POI JANETH BENET CORNEL and POI MELISSA M. MARCOPER
WCPD, Muntinlupa City Police Station, Muntinlupa City
FOR THE CHIEF OF POLICE

ROSE MARIE BULIG

Police Chief Inspector
Chief, WCPD

Inds:
SS of minor victim
Affidavit of Arrest Waiver of Detention
Medical Certificate of Victim issued by OsMun
Medico-legal exam result -to follow Birth certificate of minor victim-to follow

Termination of investigation may be done due to:

1. Lack of leads, hence case is suspended.
2. Awaiting for further developments and gathering of evidences.
3. Closed-perpetrator(s) arrested and case filed in the proper court of jurisdiction.

FINAL INVESTIGATION REPORT is rendered when case is completed, that is complainant(s), witnesses, sufficiency of
evidences and perpetrators are identified so as to warrant filing of case and/or termination of investigation due to
circumstances listed above.
 Topic #4

PROJECT FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR STUDENTS OF

CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
Feasibility Study Format

I. Project Summary
II. Objectives
III. Market Study
IV. Technical Study
V. Financial Study
VI. Socio-Economic Study
VII. Organization & Management study

WHAT IS A FEASIBILITY STUDY?

A Feasibility Study is a thorough and systematic analysis of the future that will
affect the possibility of success of proposed project/undertaking.

The Project Feasibility study is really a synthesis of separate studies usually

dealing with the market, technical, financial, socio-economic, and management
aspect of the project.

A Project Feasibility study is an essential medium of progress both as a

means to initiate profitable projects for sectoral enhancement and expansion and to
evaluate actual project results.

Its primary purpose is to enhance the probability of success of a specific,

understanding.

It is a result of the belief that a carefully planned activity has better chances to
succeed than an activity without a previous plan. The Project Feasibility study is one
of the best instruments to meet the challenges of constant change.

I. PROJECT SUMMARY

The Project Summary presents the highlights, descriptive definition, long-

range objectives, feasibility criteria, history and basic conclusions of the project
under study, it gives the analyst and the financier a 'capsule view of the whole project
(Technology and livelihood Resource Center, 2020).

In outline form, the project summary is described as follows;

A. Name of Enterprise

Briefly explain the reason for such choice of name.

B. Location
 Pinpoint the location of the head office and the plant site and give the
main reason for choosing them. The factors which affect the choice of
locations are the sourcesof raw materials, labor, and utilities, proximity
to the market; nature of available transportation; and the cost of land
and buildings. The project must be at location where maximum
efficiency can be attained at the lowest possible cost.

C. Descriptive Definition of the project

o Related national program

• Is the project in line with any government-encouraged undertaking?

o Affinity to regional or sectoral studies

• Is the project a result of encouraging findings in the certain regions

or sectors of the country?

o Project potential and proponent

• Give a conceptual description of the project's potential worth and

importance and the men behind it.

D. Project Long-Range objectives

What does the project expect to achieve in 5 years in terms of size,

capacity, volume, worth, role in the industry and in the economy, etc.

E. Feasibility Criteria

What were the most important guidelines used to judge the feasibility of
the project? What is profitability? Do it seriously consider the impact on
the socio- economic environment?

F. Highlight of the project

o History
• How did the project come about?

o Project timetable and status

• How long will it take before the project goes into operation?
• What stage is the project presently in? Nature of the industry
• Briefly describe the industry, its product lines, the demand-supply
situation, history, growth patterns, problems and potentials, and role
in the economy.

o Mode of Financing
• Briefly discuss the sources of funds, the financing terms and the
reasons for choosing such sources and terms.

o Investment Costs
 • How much funds are necessary to make the project operational?
• How are these funds allocated?

II. OBJECTIVES:

This portion tells why the project is being studied and identify its advantages.
It should also be able to answer. What does the project expect to achieve in terms of
size, capacity, volume, worth, role in its industry and in the economy, etc. Good
objectives are:

S pecific
M easurable
A chievable
R elevant
T ime-Bounded
C ommunicated
O wned/Original
W ritten

G. Major Assumptions and summary of findings and conclusions on the

following:

III. MARKET FEASIBILITY

Discuss the nature of the unsatisfied demand which the project seeks to meet,
its growth and manner in which it is to be met. Here, the supply-demand situation is
examined, the target markets analyzed, and the marketing program formulated.

IV. TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY

Discuss the nature of the product line, the technology necessary for
production, its availability, the product mix of production resources, and the optimum
production volume.

V. Financial Feasibility

Present the overall financial picture in terms of operating cash requirements,

profitability, and cash flow.

VI. SOCIO-ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY

What are the effects of the project on society and the economy as a whole? Is
it generally beneficial to the people? Is it in line with the economy's development
programs?

VII. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT FEASIBILITY

What is the management structure? Is it appropriate for the managerial needs

of the project? What is the salary scale? Is it compatible with industry standards?
ACTIVITY 1 - The Market Study

The market study is the lifeblood of a project feasibility study. While

profitability is generally the focal point of project study, the question of demand is an
important issue. It is therefore, necessary that the market study be given important
consideration.

A. Determine:

The size, nature, and growth of total demand for the project or service.
Determine past demand (5years). Project demand (5years)

ACTIVITY 2 - The Technical Study

After the market study, the technical feasibility of the project is analyzed.

1. Select:

The manufacturing process or service process.

The machinery/tools needed capacity and design.
The source of machinery, the plant location, the plant layout, the structure
specification, the bill of materials, raw materials and their sources.

2. Determine:

The quantity and quality of the product/service to be produced/sold.. The

labor needed, both skilled and unskilled, the waste disposal method, the
transportation necessary.

3. Provide estimation of the total project cost and enumerate the major items of
capital cost.

4. List down in detail estimated production and overhead that will go into
operating the proposed project.

5. List any major technological development in the industry which may affect
the commercial or technical soundness of the project.

ACTIVITY 3 - The Financial Study

Since all projects are considered viable only when they are expected to be
profitable to meet the short term obligations, to be liquid and to remain liquid during
adversities, to grow in their ability to finance their operations mostly from networth
sources rather than credit applications, to be able to service their financing charges,
the aspect is a very important part of every project feasibility study.

As such, this portion should show in specified terms whether the project will
be profitable even with existing competition and unfavorable economic conditions,
and present detailed figures to show the improvement of the project's financial
condition over time.
 These may be shown by the preparation of statements and schedules on the
profits expected to be realized, the modes of financing needed to optimize the
project's performance, the manner and period of repaying creditors, and other
financial considerations which are vital to the success of the venture.

WRITE THE MAJOR ASSUMPTIONS

Total project cost

1. Initial working capital requirements

2. Alternative sources of financing, if any.

3. Sources of financing the project

4. Beginning the pro-formula financial statements

Financial analysis - this presents the overall financial picture in terms of

operating cash requirements, profitability, and cash flow.

Socio-economic study - this part answers the questions: What are the effects
of the project on society and the economy as a whole? Is it generally beneficial to the
people? is it in line with the economy's development program?

ACTIVITY 4 - The Organization and Management Study

After setting the objectives and the ways and means of attaining them, the
overall implementation plan is discussed in the organization and management
study. Describe: The basic consideration in forming the organization. The form
of ownership, what is the salary scale? Is it compatible with industry
standards? The organizational chart. The officers and key personnel

ACTIVITY 5-The Socio-Economic Study

A project, to be worthy of financing, especially from government institutions,

should be geared toward not only profit generation but also social and economic
benefits. This portion of the study will serve as an aid in determining the socio-
economic contribution the project can offer.

1. Briefly explain how the project will affect:

a. Employment and income, considering the improvement in the standards of

living of families and individuals.
b. Taxes, showing the increased revenues the improvement in the standards of
living of families and individuals.
c. Supply of commodities, observing the different possibilities of influencing
prices and foreign exchange balances.
d. Demand for materials to aid local producers.
 By generating employment and income. The project directly benefits
individuals and families. Indirectly, the entire economy may be benefited. More
income in the hands of the people would mean greater demand for other goods. This
additional demand may, in turn, stimulate the production of more of the other goods,
thereby generating further employment and income. It must be noted, however, that
this can happen only when there is some unemployment in the economy and where
more materials are readily accessible to those producers who wish to respond to the
additional demand. A better understanding of this phenomenon entails a firm grasp
of basic economics.

The production activity of the project favorably affects the supply situation of
the industry in various ways. Where there is an adequate seller, the project's entry
alleviates the supply shortage and lowers prices somewhat.

In an overcrowded industry, the project may improve product quality and/or

decrease prices if it is highly competitive in its entry.

At the same time, the production activity exerts additional demands for raw
materials and other industrial inputs. This stimulates the production of the latter items
and helps promote industry linkages.

In both generation of employment and income and the production activity, the
governments stand to benefit through revenues from taxes.