RHCSA EXAM PREPARATION

Author: Mehul Solanki

Date: 19-Jan-2024
Version: 3.0
Document History
Author Date Comments
Mehul Solanki 19-Jan-2024 RHCSA Exam preparation only.

Contact Details
Name : Mehul Solanki
Phone : +919879729795
Email : er.mehulsolanki1887@gmail.com
LinkedIn : https://in.linkedin.com/in/mehulsolanki1887

Author: Mehul Solanki Page 1 of 22

Printed: 14 Mar 24
Table of Contents
1. Configure Network. .................................................................................................................... 5
2. Configure YUM repos.................................................................................................................. 5
3. Debug SELinux. ........................................................................................................................... 6
4. Create user accounts with supplementary group. ........................................................................ 7
5. Set the permission. ..................................................................................................................... 8
6. Set the password expire date. ..................................................................................................... 8
7. Assign Sudo Privileges. ............................................................................................................... 8
8. Configure a cron job. .................................................................................................................. 9
8.1 logger "EX200 in progress” as the user natasha ............................................................................................. 9
8.2 logger "EX200 in progress" as the user natasha ............................................................................................. 9
9. Create a collaborative Directory................................................................................................ 10
10. Configure NTP. ......................................................................................................................... 11
11. Configure AutoFS...................................................................................................................... 12
12. ACL. ......................................................................................................................................... 13
13. Create user and password......................................................................................................... 14
14. Locate all files owned by user "harry " and copy UNDER /root/harry-files. ................................. 14
15. Find a string 'ich' FROM “/usr/share/dict/words “AND put it into /root/lines file. ...................... 15
16. Create an archive '/root/backup.tar.bz2' of /usr/local directory and compress it with bzip2 ....... 15
17. Create container image ............................................................................................................ 15
18. Create container as a service. ................................................................................................... 16
19. Container Creation Method-2. .................................................................................................. 17
20. Create the script file. ................................................................................................................ 18
21. Break the password. ................................................................................................................. 18
22. Yum repository configuration. .................................................................................................. 19
23. Add a swap partition. ............................................................................................................... 19
24. Resize a logical Volume. ........................................................................................................... 20
25. Create a logical volume and mount it permanently. .................................................................. 20
26. Configure system tuning. .......................................................................................................... 21
27. Create a VDO volume. .............................................................................................................. 21

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 Table of Figures
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 1. CONFIGURE NETWORK.
● Configure Network.
Step 1 : Log in root with the password as per the instructions.
Step 2 : systemctl set-default graphical.target
Step 3 : reboot
Step 4 : configure ip and all as per below from graphical.

IP ADDRESS = 172.25.250.10
NETMASK = 255.255.255.0
GATEWAY = 172.25.250.254
DNS/NameServer = 172.25.250.254 (Auto Off)
hostname = servera.lab.example.com
OR
Step 1 : [root@servera ~]# nmcli connection show
Step 2 : [root@servera ~]# nmcli connection delete ens160
Step 3 : [root@servera ~]# nmcli connection add type ethernet con-
name ens160 ifname ens160
Step 4 : [root@servera ~]# nmcli connection modify "ens160"
ipv4.addresses 172.25.250.10/24
Step 5 : [root@servera ~]# nmcli connection modify "ens160"
ipv4.gateway 172.25.250.254
Step 6 : [root@servera ~]# nmcli connection modify "ens160"
ipv4.dns 172.25.250.254
Step 7 : [root@servera ~]# nmcli connection modify "ens160"
ipv4.method static
Step 8 : [root@servera ~]# nmcli connection modify ethernet-ens160
ipv4.method auto
Step 9 : [root@servera ~]# nmcli connection up ens160
Step 10 : [root@servera ~]# nmcli device status
Step 11 : [root@servera ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname
servera.lab.example.com

2. CONFIGURE YUM REPOS.

● Configure YUM repos with the given link (2 repos: 1st is Base and 2nd is AppStream).
● Base_url= http://content.example.com/rhel8.0/x86_64/dvd/BaseOS.
● AppSterm_url= http://content.example.com/rhel8.0/x86_64/dvd/AppStream.

Step 1 : vim /etc/yum.repos.d/sky.repo (reponame with extension.

repo)

[BaseOS]
name = BaseOS
baseurl = http://content.example.com/rhel8.0/x86_64/dvd/BaseOS
enabled = 1
gpgcheck = 0

[AppStream]
name = AppStream
baseurl = http://content.example.com/rhel8.0/x86_64/dvd/AppStream
enabled = 1
gpgcheck = 0

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 3. DEBUG SELINUX.

● A web server running on non-standard port 82 is having issues serving content. Debug and
fix issues.
● The web server on your system can server all the existing HTML files from
/var/www/html (NOTE: Do not make any changes to these files).
● Web service should automatically start at boot time.

Step 1 : yum install httpd

Step 2 : systemctl enable httpd
Step 3 : systemctl start httpd
Step 4 : systemctl status httpd
Step 5 : vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Step 1 : semanage port -a -t http_port_t -p tcp 82

Step 2 : semanage port -l | grep http

Step 3 : yum install firewalld

Step 4 : systemctl enable firewalld
Step 5 : systemctl start firewalld
Step 6 : systemctl status firewalld
Step 7 : firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=82/tcp
Step 8 : firewall-cmd --reload
Step 9 : firewall-cmd --list-all

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 Step 10 : systemctl restart httpd
Step 11 : systemctl enable httpd
Step 12 : systemctl start httpd
Step 13 : systemctl status httpd
Step 14 : curl 172.25.250.10:82

4. CREATE USER ACCOUNTS WITH SUPPLEMENTARY GROUP.

● Create the group a named "sysadms".
● Create users as named "natasha" and "harry", will be the supplementary group "sysadms".
● Create a user as named "sarah", should have non-interactive shell and it should be not the
member of "sysadms".
● Password for all users should be "trootent”.

Step 1 : groupadd sysadms

Step 2 : cat /etc/group (Check group add or not)
Step 3 : adduser -G sysadms natasha
Step 4 : useradd -G sysadms harry
Step 5 : useradd -s /sbin/nologin sarah
Step 6 : passwd --stdin natasha
Step 7 : passwd --stdin harry
Step 8 : passwd --stdin sarah
Step 9 : vim /etc/passwd (for checking user is added or not)
Step 10 : vim /etc/group (for checking group added or not)

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 5. SET THE PERMISSION.

● (a)All new creating files for user natasha as -r-------- as default permission.
● (b) All new creating directories for user natasha as dr-x------ as default permission.

Step 1 : echo “umask 277” >> /home/natasha/.bashrc

Step 2 : su - natasha
Step 3 : umask
Step 4 : mkdir dir1
Step 5 : ls -l ( o/p directory should have dr-x------ permissions)
Step 6 : touch file1
Step 7 : ls -l ( o/p file should have -r-------- permissions)
Step 8 : exit
umask octal value permission
(0=rwx,1=rw-,2=r-x,3=r--,4=-wx,5=-w-,6=--x,7=---)

6. SET THE PASSWORD EXPIRE DATE.

● (a)The password for all new users in serverb.lab.example.com should expires after 20 days.

Step 1 : vim /etc/login.defs

PASS_MAX_DAYS 20

Step 2 : esc:wq

7. ASSIGN SUDO PRIVILEGES.

● (a)Assign the Sudo Privilege.

(For Group)

Step 1 : vim /etc/sudoers

%admin ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
Step 2 : esc
Step 3 : :wq!

(For User)

Step 1 : vim /etc/sudoers

harry ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
Step 1 : esc
Step 2 : :wq!

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 8. CONFIGURE A CRON JOB.

● CONFIGURE A CRON JOB THAT RUNS EVERY 1 MINUTES AND EXECUTES.

8.1 LOGGER "EX200 IN PROGRESS” AS THE USER NATASHA

Step 1 : which logger (To check the directory of logger)

Step 2 : crontab -eu natasha

Step 3 : crontab -lu natasha (To Check crontab)

● Configure a cron job that runs every day at 12:23 and executes.

8.2 LOGGER "EX200 IN PROGRESS" AS THE USER NATASHA

Step 1 : which logger (To check the directory of logger)

Step 2 : crontab -eu natasha

Step 3 : crontab -lu natasha (To Check crontab)

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 9. CREATE A COLLABORATIVE DIRECTORY.
● Create the Directory "/home/manager " with the following characteristics.
● Group ownership of "/home/manager" should go to "sysadms" group.
● The directory should have full permission for all members of "sysadms" group but not to
the other users except "root". files created in future under "/home/manager" should get the
same group ownership.

Step 1 : mkdir -p /home/manager

Step 2 : chgrp sysadms /home/manager
Step 3 : ls -ld /home/manager

Step 4 : chmod 770 /home/manager

Step 5 : chmod g+s /home/manager
Step 6 : ls -ld /home/manager

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 10. CONFIGURE NTP.
● Synchronize time of your system with the server classroom.example.com.

Step 1 : vim /etc/chrony.conf

(Server/pool) classroom.example.com iburst (you have to
type this line in server or pool as you saw upper line you
should have to comment the upper line)

Step 2 : dnf install chrony

Step 3 : systemctl enable chronyd.service
Step 4 : systemctl start chronyd.service
Step 5 : systemctl status chronyd.service
Step 6 : timedatectl set-ntp true
Step 7 : timedatectl
Step 8 : systemctl restart chronyd.service
Step 9 : chronyc sources -v

Step 10 : timedatectl

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 11. CONFIGURE AUTOFS.

● All Ldapuser2 home directory is exported via NFS, which is available on

classroom.example.com (172.25.254.254) and your NFS-exports directory is /home/guests for
Ldapuser2.
● Ldapuser2's home directory is classroom.example.com:/home/guests/ldapuser2.
● Ldapuser2's home directory should be automount autofs service.
● Home directories must be writable by their users.

● while you are able to log in as any of the user ldapuser1 through ldapuser20, the only home
directory that is accessible from your system is ldapsuser2.

Step 1 : yum install autofs -y

Step 2 : getent passwd ldapuser2 (Check user added or not)
Step 3 : systemctl enable autofs
Step 4 : systemctl start autofs
Step 5 : systemctl status autofs
Step 6 : vim /etc/auto.master (Put it in the file as per below).

Step 7 : vim /etc/auto.misc

Step 8 : su ldapuser2 (for checking useradded or not)

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 12. ACL.

● Copy the file /etc/fstab to /var/tmp/ and configure the "ACL" as mentioned following.
● The file /var/tmp/fstab should be owned by the "root".
● The file /var/tmp/fstab should belong to the group "root".
● The file /var/tmp/fstab should not be executable by anyone.
● The user "natasha" should be able to read and write to the file.
● The user “sarah" can neither read nor write to the file.
● Other users (future and current) should be able to read /var/tmp/fstab.

Step 1 : cp -rvf /etc/fstab /var/tmp (User should be root for

copy).

Step 2 : ls -ld /var/tmp/fstab

Step 3 : setfacl -m u:natasha:rw- /var/tmp/fstab

Step 4 : getfacl /var/tmp/fstab

Step 5 : setfacl -m u:sarah:--- /var/tmp/fstab

Step 6 : getfacl /var/tmp/fstab

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 13. CREATE USER AND PASSWORD.
• Create user 'bob' with 2112 uid and set the password 'trootent.

Step 1 : useradd -u 2112 bob

Step 2 : passwd --stdin bob

14. LOCATE ALL FILES OWNED BY USER "HARRY " AND COPY
UNDER /ROOT/HARRY-FILES.
• Locate all files owned by user "harry " and copy it under /root/harry-files.

Step 1 : mkdir /root/harry-files

Step 2 : find / -user harry -exec cp -arvf {} /root/harry-files \;

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 15. FIND A STRING 'ICH' FROM “/USR/SHARE/DICT/WORDS “AND
PUT IT INTO /ROOT/LINES FILE.

• Find a string 'ich' from " /usr/share/dict/words " and put it into /root/lines file.

Step 1 : grep ich /usr/share/dict/words > /root/lines

16. CREATE AN ARCHIVE '/ROOT/BACKUP.TAR.BZ2' OF /USR/LOCAL

DIRECTORY AND COMPRESS IT WITH BZIP2

• Create an archive '/root/backup.tar.bz2' of /usr/local directory and compress it with bzip2.

Step 1 : tar -cjf /root/backup.tar.bz2 /usr/local (bzip)

OR

Step 1 : tar -cJf /root/backup.tar.xz /usr/local (xz)

OR

Step 1 : tar -czf /root/backup.tar.gz /usr/local (gzip)

17. CREATE CONTAINER IMAGE

• Get the Containerfile from the existing user “seshat” and create an image.
Image name should be "monitor". Dont change anythings in Containerfile.

Step 1 : [root@servera ~]# ssh seshat@servera.example.com

Step 2 : [seshat@servera ~]$ podman login

username : (Redhat container registry user)

password : (As per the instructions)

Step 3 : [seshat@servera ~]$ wget

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Mehul-
Redhat/rsyslog/main/Containerfile

Step 4 : [seshat@servera ~]$ ls (To check Containerfile is download or

not)
Step 5 : [seshat@servera ~]$ podman build -t monitor .
Step 6 : [seshat@servera ~]$ podman images (To Check images)

Step 7 : [seshat@servera ~]$ exit (to logout seshat)

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 18. CREATE CONTAINER AS A SERVICE.
• Configure the container with systemd services by an existing user “seshat”. The
storage directories become persistent of /opt/files with the container directory
/opt/incoming and /opt/processed with the container directory /opt/outgoing.
• Container Name : asaii2pdf
• Services Name : container-asaii2pdf

Step 1 : Make sure user should be a root.

Step 2 : [root@servera ~]# loginctl enable-linger seshat
Step 3 : [root@servera ~]# loginctl list-users

Step 4 : [root@servera ~]# mkdir -p /opt/files

Step 5 : [root@servera ~]# mkdir -p /opt/processed

Step 6 : [root@servera ~]# chown seshat /opt/files/

Step 7 : [root@servera ~]# chown seshat /opt/processed/

Step 8 : [root@servera ~]# ssh seshat@servera.example.com

Step 9 : [seshat@servera ~]$ mkdir -p .config/systemd/user

Step 10 : [seshat@servera ~]$ podman images (To verify images)

Step 11 : [seshat@servera ~]$ podman run -dit –-name asaii2pdf -v
/opt/files/:/opt/incoming:Z -v
/opt/processed/:/opt/outgoing:Z monitor:latest

Step 12 : [seshat@servera ~]$ podman ps (To check container created or

not)

Step 13 : [seshat@servera ~]$ podman generate systemd asaii2pdf >>

.config/systemd/user/container-asaii2pdf.service (Service
name should be container.asaii2pdf.service. it’s must)

Step 14 : [seshat@servera ~]$ cat .config/systemd/user/container-

asaii2pdf.service

Step 15 : [seshat@servera ~]$ systemctl --user daemon-reload

[seshat@servera ~]$ systemctl --user enable container-
asaii2pdf.service
Step 16 : [seshat@servera ~]$ systemctl --user start container-
asaii2pdf.service (Run this command two times, first time you
will getting an error).
Step 17 : [seshat@servera ~]$ systemctl --user status container-
asaii2pdf.service
Step 18 : [seshat@servera ~]$ exit
Step 19 : [root@servera ~]# reboot
Step 20 : After reboot, login again with the seshat(with SSH) user and
make sure service is started or not.
Step 21 : [root@servera ~]# ssh seshat@servera.example.com
Step 22 : [seshat@servera ~]$ systemctl --user status container-
asaii2pdf.service

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 19. CONTAINER CREATION METHOD-2.
Step 1 : [root@servera ~]# yum install podman container-tools -y
Step 2 : [root@servera ~]# podman --version
Step 1 : [root@servera ~]# systemctl enable podman
Step 2 : [root@servera ~]# systemctl start podman
Step 3 : [root@servera ~]# systemctl status podman
Step 4 : [root@servera ~]# useradd rhel
Step 5 : [root@servera ~]# loginctl enable-linger rhel
Step 6 : [root@servera ~]# loginctl list-users

Step 7 : [root@servera ~]# mkdir /opt/files/

Step 8 : [root@servera ~]# mkdir /opt/processed/

Step 9 : [root@servera ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t container_file_t

/opt/files/
Step 10 : [root@servera ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t container_file_t
/opt/processed/

Step 11 : [root@servera ~]# restorecon -vRF /opt/files/

Step 12 : [root@servera ~]# restorecon -vRF /opt/processed/

Step 13 : [root@servera ~]# ssh rhel@localhost

Step 14 : [rhel@servera ~]$ mkdir -p .config/systemd/user
Step 15 : [rhel@servera ~]$ podman login
Step 16 : [rhel@servera ~]$ username (as given in instructions)
Step 17 : [rhel@servera ~]$ password (as given in instruction)

Step 18 : [rhel@servera ~]$ wget

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mehul-
redhat/rsyslog/main/Containerfile

Step 19 : [rhel@servera ~]$ podman build -t rsyslog .

Step 20 : [rhel@servera ~]$ podman image ls

Step 21 : [rhel@servera ~]$ podman run -dit --name logserver -v

/opt/files/:/opt/incoming:Z -v
/opt/processed/:/opt/outgoing:Z rsyslog (imagename)

Step 22 : [rhel@servera ~]$ podman generate systemd logserver >>

.config/systemd/user/container-logserver.service
Step 23 : [rhel@servera ~]$ cat .config/systemd/user/container-
logserver.service

Step 24 : [rhel@servera ~]$ systemctl --user daemon-reload

Step 25 : [rhel@servera ~]$ systemctl --user enable container-
logserver.service
Step 26 : [rhel@servera ~]$ systemctl --user start container-
logserver.service
Step 27 : [rhel@servera ~]$ systemctl --user status container-
logserver.service
Step 28 : [rhel@servera ~]$ reboot
Step 29 : [rhel@servera ~]$ systemctl --user status container-
logserver.service

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 20. CREATE THE SCRIPT FILE.

• Example -1

Step 1 : vim script.sh

!/bin/bash

if [ “$1” = “GM” ]; then

echo “good morning”
elif [ “$!” = “GN” ]; then
echo “good night”
else
echo “enter GM/GN for output”
fi

Step 2 : chmod 755 script.sh

Step 3 : ./script.sh GM
Step 4 : ./script.sh GN

• Example -2

Step 1 : vim script.sh

#!/bin/bash

[/data/k it's a directory]

mkdir -p /data/k
find / -type f -size +30M -size -50M -exec cp -
v {} /data/k \;

Step 2 : chmod 755 script.sh

Step 3 : ./script.sh
Step 4 : ./script.sh

21. BREAK THE PASSWORD.

• Break the password of root user and set password tootrent.

Step 1 : reboot
Step 2 : press “e” at kernel option (On Rescue Mode)
Step 3 : type rd.break at last of the line which is start with
linux
Step 4 : Ctrl + x
Step 5 : mount -o remount,rw /sysroot
Step 6 : chroot /sysroot
Step 7 : passwd root
Step 8 : type passwd
Step 9 : touch /.autorelabel
Step 10 : ctrl + d (press twice) OR exit (press two time)

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 22. YUM REPOSITORY CONFIGURATION.
• Configure YUM repos with the given link ( 2 repos: 1st is Base and 2nd is AppStream).
• Base_url= http://content.example.com/rhel8.0/x86_64/dvd/BaseOS
• AppSterm_url= http://content.example.com/rhel8.0/x86_64/dvd/AppStream

Step 1 : vim /etc/yum.repos.d/sky.repo (reponame with extension

.repo)

[BaseOS]
name = BaseOS
baseurl= http://content.example.com/rhel8.0/x86_64/dvd/BaseOS
enabled = 1
gpgcheck = 0

[AppStream]
name = AppStream
baseurl = http://content.example.com/rhel8.0/x86_64/dvd/AppStream
enabled = 1
gpgcheck = 0

23. ADD A SWAP PARTITION.

• Add a swap partition of 512 MB and mount it permanently.

Step 1 : lsblk
Step 2 : fdisk /dev/vdb
Step 3 : press “n” for new partition
Step 4 : press “p” for primary partition
Step 5 : choose partition default “1”
Step 6 : press enter in first sector
Step 7 : enter size in last sector +512M
Step 8 : press t for assigning type in of partition
Step 9 : press 82 for swap
Step 10 : press “w” for write and save
Step 11 : lsblk (To check created partition)
Step 12 : partprobe /dev/vdb1
Step 13 : mkswap /dev/vdb1
Step 14 : swapon /dev/vdb1
Step 15 : blkid /dev/vdb1 >> /etc/fstab
Step 16 : vim /etc/fstab
UUID=0b9f9c46-35fb-49d5-9f59-8c2e40a6139d swap
swap defaults0 0 (edit entry like this)
Step 17 : mount -a
Step 18 : lsblk (check partition added or not)
└─rhel-swap 253:1 0 1.5G 0 part [SWAP]

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 24. RESIZE A LOGICAL VOLUME.
• Resize the logical volume "mylv " so that after reboot the size should be in between 200
MB to 300MB.

Step 1 : df -h
Step 2 : lvdisplay
Step 3 : lsblk
Step 4 : lvextend -r -L 250M /dev/mapper-myvol-mylv

OR

lvextend -r -L +50M /dev/mapper-myvol-mylv

OR

resize2fs /dev/myvg/lv (if fstype is xfs then use

xfs_growfs [options] mountpoint)

25. CREATE A LOGICAL VOLUME AND MOUNT IT PERMANENTLY.

• Create the logical volume with the name "wshare" by using 50PE's from the volume group
"wgroup".
• Consider each PE size of the volume group as "8 MB".
• Mount it on /mnt/wshare with file system vfat.

Step 1 : fdisk /dev/vdb

Step 2 : press “n” for new partition
Step 3 : press “p” for primary partition
Step 4 : choose partition default “2”
Step 5 : press enter in first sector
Step 6 : enter size in last sector +408M (lv extent multiply by vg
extent size add 1 vg extent).
Step 7 : press t for assigning type in of partition
Step 8 : press 8e for lvm partition type
Step 9 : press “w” for write and save
Step 10 : partprobe /dev/vdb2
Step 11 : pvcreate /dev/vdb2
Step 12 : vgcreate wgroup -s 8m /dev/vdb2 (i.e. wgroup is group
name).
Step 13 : lvcreate -n wshare (for lv name) -l 50 wgroup.
Step 14 : mkfs.vfat /dev/wgroup/wshare (for attaching file system)
Step 15 : blkid /dev/wgroup/wshare >> /etc/fstab
Step 16 : vim /etc/fstab

UUID=0b9f9c46-35fb-49d5-9f59-8c2e40a6139d /mnt/wshare
vfat defaults 0 0(edit entry like this)

Step 17 : systemctl daemon-reload

Step 18 : mount -a

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 26. CONFIGURE SYSTEM TUNING.
• Choose the recommended 'tuned' profile for your system and set it as the default.

Step 1 : yum install tuned

Step 2 : systemctl start tuned
Step 3 : systemctl enable tuned
Step 4 : tuned-adm recommend (below you show recommended profile).
virtual-guest
Step 5 : tuned-adm profile virtual-guest (type recommended profile
name) (for setting up recommended profile).
Step 6 : tuned-adm active (for showing activated profile).
Step 7 : systemctl restart tuned
Step 8 : systemctl enable tuned
Step 9 : systemctl start tuned
Step 10 : systemctl status tuned

27. CREATE A VDO VOLUME.

• Create the vectra volume using the VDO with the logical size 50GB and mount under test
directory.

Step 1 : yum install vdo kmod-kvdo -y

Step 2 : systemctl enable vdo
Step 3 : systemctl start vdo
Step 4 : systemctl status vdo
Step 5 : lsblk
Step 6 : vdo create --name=vectra --device=/dev/vdc --
vdoLogicalSize=50G
Step 7 : mkfs.xfs /dev/mapper/vectra
Step 8 : blkid /dev/mapper/vectra >> /etc/fstab
Step 9 : mkdir /mnt/vdo01
Step 10 : vi /etc/fstab

UUID=3393-846F /mnt/vdo01 vfat defaults 0 0

(edit entry like this)

Step 11 : systemctl daemon-reload

Step 12 : mount –a
Step 13 : df -hT
Step 14 : lsblk

sda 8:0 0 10G 0 disk

└─vdo01 253:0 0 50G 0 vdo /mnt/vdo01

Step 15 : systemctl restart vdo

Step 16 : systemctl enable vdo
Step 17 : systemctl status vdo
Step 18 : reboot

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