RESEARCH PLAN PROPOSAL

Social Networking Sites and Cyber Crime:

(A Study of Deviance among Adolescents of Jaipur City)

For registration to the degree of

Doctor of Philosophy
IN THE FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

THE IIS UNIVERSITY, JAIPUR

Submitted by
Pratibha Asudani
Enroll. No. IISU/2010/175

Under the Supervision of

Dr. Nisha Yadav
Professor & Head
Department of Sociology
The IIS University, Jaipur

Department of Sociology
The IIS University, Jaipur
November 2011
 INDEX

S.No. TITLE Page No.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Introduction 1
2 Relevance of the Study 4
3 Review of Literature 5
4 Methodology 17
5 Limitations of the study 22
6 Chapter Scheme 23
7 Bibliography 24
Annexure I-IX
 INTRODUCTION
The word cyber and its relative dot.com are probably the most commonly used terminologies of

the modern era. We are now said to be in the midst of a ‘new industrial revolution’, one that will

lead us into a new kind of society, a network society ,which has accelerated change and

accentuated the qualities which have come to characterize late modernity. In the information

society, the rapid development of computers, telecommunications and other technologies have

led to the evolution of new forms of trans-national crimes known as “cyber crimes”. Cyber

crimes have virtually no boundaries and may affect any country in the world. They may be

defined as, “any crime with the help of computer and telecommunication technology with the

purpose of influencing the functioning of computer or the computer systems”. The full social

impact of cyberspace upon the individual is only just beginning to be understood. The extent of

loss involved worldwide on account of cyber crimes is tremendous. It is estimated that about

500 million people who use the Internet can be affected by the emergence of cyber crimes.

Cyber crime is a very serious threat for the times to come and poses one of the most difficult

challenges before the law enforcement machinery. Most cyber crimes do not involve violence

but rather greed, pride, or play on some character weakness of the victims. It is difficult to

identify the culprit, as the net can be a vicious web of deceit and can be accessed from any part

of the globe. To understand cyber crime as a significant new phenomenon, with potentially

profoundly new consequences, it is necessary to recognize it as a constituent aspect of the

wider political, social and economic restructuring currently affecting countries worldwide. This

new technology not only provides opportunities for the profitable development of an international

information market but has also raised the spectra of new criminal activities to exploit them. The
very technology that enables multinationals to do business more effectively and challenge the

individual controls and regulations of nation states, also offers the prospect of globally organized

criminal networks. Moreover the free flow of uncensored information on electronic networks and

web- sites is as attractive to insurgents and extremist groups. Just as crimes have changed with

the growth of information technology so have the categories of criminals who engage in such

crimes. There are various categories of criminals who engage in such crimes, ranging from

hackers, information merchants and mercenaries, to terrorists, extremists and deviants. The age

group of these criminals varies from teenage to old age, varying with the nature of crime.

We live in an increasingly networked world. We are connected to each other through numerous

types of ties, with social networking sites offering one of the most popular methods people

currently employ to link themselves together. But do "old-fashioned" ways of developing and

maintaining relationships suffer from the evolution of computer-mediated communication? Have

we become too reliant on the instantaneous, answer-producing quality of the internet that can

reveal others' most intimate personal details before we even introduce ourselves? Most of the

Internet users are members of various social networking sites because of various reasons,

without being aware of the harms it can have on their social life. It can lead to social isolation

,tension and conflict at individual, group and social life. It can also lead to various types of

crimes such as cyber defamation, cyber bullying, creating organized clubs against some

individual, state or even government. It can also create some terrorist organizations against

some idea, region and religion.

The current study focuses on the magnitude of cyber crime by the extensive use of social

networking sites and how it affects our society. It is widely held that the social environment has

a profound impact upon how social interactions can take place (both licit and illicit), and in turn

also gets affected by these which transforms the potential scope and scale of offending,

altering the relationships between offenders and victims, and the potential for criminal justice
systems to offer satisfactory solutions. The “Time-Space compression” suggests that

cyberspace makes possible near-instantaneous encounters and interactions between spatially

distant actors, creating new forms of association and exchange which render us vulnerable. In

addition, great emphasis is placed on how the Internet enables the manipulation and

reinvention of social identity, adopting new virtual personae ,this is viewed as a powerful tool for

the unscrupulous to perpetrate offences while maintaining anonymity through disguise.

 Relevance of the study

The contemporary society is characterized by the extensive use of Internet. People of all age
groups and strata have access to internet which on the one hand is giving them access to
information but is also on the other hand giving them easy access to cyber criminal activities
affecting the social fabric of society.
Increased use of Internet is leading to certain issues like destroying privacy, isolation, exposing
children to online predators and a risk culture where even a small typing error can lead to online
victimization. Today ,youngsters are using social networking sites indiscreetly, which apparently
is affecting not only the pattern of social relations in present society but is also exposing them to
associated risks.The current study aims to discover social implications of the use of social
networking sites on the target group.
 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

A literature review is a body of text that aims to review the critical points of current

knowledge including substantive findings as well as theoretical and methodological

contributions to a particular topic. Literature reviews are secondary sources, and as

such, do not report any new or original experimental work.

Review of literature on Cyber crime is to find out what has already been done in this

area, what type of theoretical explanations have been given about this new

technological crime which is spreading very fast all over the globe, what have been the

causes behind its occurrence and what effects it has on our society. Besides all this, it is

also worthwhile to find out what laws and legislations are present to deal with this and

what needs to be done in future for this.

Most Notable of the academic discourses about the social impact of technology were

the long standing concerns expressed in the volumes on Industrial sociology from Karl

Marx(1961).According to him, technology’s function was perceived primarily as a

means of rationalizing the power of capital by specializing the division of labor to reduce

the cost of production process .As per the views of Marx, application of technologies of

control alone tends to inscribe distrust into the process .In doing so it leads to the

breakdown of trust relationships because they fail to reassure, create fresh demands for

novel forms of trust and then institutionalizes them. In fact it seems that technologies of

control can often make much worse the very problems they were designed to solve,
especially if in the case of spam, they end up hardening the spammer’s resolve. There

is evidence to show that the means of circumventing anti-spam measures is becoming

more sophisticated and that there have been marked signs of resistance in the form of

hactivism, denial of service attacks and various forms of hacking.

Weber(1958) wrote pessimistically of an ‘Iron cage’ of rationality and bureaucracy that

will imprison us all. The same can be applied to crimes which have emerged in post-

modern era. Rationality has caused more technical crimes. A move towards

bureaucracies(a process which Ritzer (2002) has called McDonalization, whereby the

principles of fast-food industry-efficiency, calculability, predictability and control-become

increasingly applied to all forms of social life).As we experience changes in social

environment, so all manner of new crimes and the spread of Information Technology

brings with it new patterns of crime-from cyber crimes to mobile phone thefts. Cyber

criminals have rational minds as most of them are technically sound, but instead of

using it for social upliftment they involve in such acts with different motives behind them.

Weber’s conception of ‘Ideal type’ is quite applicable to the virtual environment created

by cyberspace. As for weber, ideal types are considered as utopia or fantasy and on the

other hand he told that ideal types were drawn from the reality itself.

Durkhiem(1951) viewed crime as an inevitable aspect of society, with uneven

distribution of wealth and other differences among people. With industrialization came a

wider and more intense Division of Labour as factory work came to be broken down into

smaller repetitive tasks requiring less skills .the process of industrial production, also
spread geographically creating increasingly global levels of interdependence. The

consequence of an expanding division of labor as discussed by Durkhiem saw, radical

changes in old patterns of social relations .He describes this as a shift away from

unthinking, habitual forms of mechanical solidarity ,towards an ‘organic solidarity’ rooted

in the interdependencies created by Division of Labour. And though the latter was

certainly much less personal and emotionally fulfilling for individuals, it was actually a

more solid and systematic type of human interdependence that was capable of joining

together the activities of people in geographically diverse communities (Cyberspace)

and societies. Cyber crime is the result of this global interdependence. Sitting at on e

corner of the globe, cyber crime can be committed in any other part without any physical

or legal barriers which has given rise to cyber terrorism.

Merton(1968) examined anomie as a condition that occurs when discrepancies exist

between societal goals and the means available for their achievement. This discrepancy

or strain between aspirations and achievement has resulted in merton’s conception

being referred as strain theory. In reality the opportunities or means of achieving

success are not available to all. This results in discrepancy between goals and

means(strain) which produces various combinations of behavior in accepting or

rejecting the means and goals.

One of the essential premises of this approach is that organization and disorganization

in society are not mutually exclusive, but rather many of the cultural values that have

desirable consequences (Manifest functions) often contain within them or produce

undesirable consequences(Latent functions).Increase in technological upliftment has

posed both manifest and latent functions .The use of Internet has been to send mails,
searching web, learning online etc but it is also used foe hacking ,pornography, bullying,

spoofing etc.

Baudrillard(2003) describes the post-modern world as characterized by simulations;

we live in the age of simulation. This process of simulations leads to creation of

simulacra or “reproduction of objects or events”. With the distinction between signs and

reality imploding, it is increasing difficult to tell the distinction between real and difficult.

Example-In Software Piracy, illegal copying of genuine programs or the counterfeiting

and distribution of products intended to pass for the original is done by end user

copying, hard disk loading and illegal downloads from the internet. Eventually, it is the

representations of the real, the simulations that come to be predominant. Baudrillard

describes this world as hyperreality. Example-Spoofing, which makes one computer on

a network to pretend to have identity of another computer, usually one with special

access privileges. It becomes difficult to distinguish real from the spectacles.

Giddens(1991) has given dynamism to Modernity by three essential aspects of

Gidden’s Structuration theory-Distanciation, Disembedding and Reflexivity, However,

there are new and dangerous risks associated with modernity that always threaten our

trust and leads to insecurity. Examples-The risk of crime caused by use of computers

and internet has stem from globalised economy. People are not aware of these risks. It

is these risks which give modernity the feeling of a runaway juggernaut and fill us with

insecurity. Relationships with those who are physically absent and increasingly distant

from us also lead to cyber crimes.

Jameson(2003) recognizes that postmodernism is usually associated with a radical

break. He describes this new form as a cultural dominant. His concepts of Superficiality

and lack of depth are relevant to cyberspace. Emergence of social networking sites

coincide with superficiality as the people who are connected through these networks

lack the basic connection and sentiments which are required for being human.

Intensities occur when” body is plugged into the new electronic media”. People are so

much engulfed in surfing and chatting online that they forget about the real life .Internet

also devours us of the man’s past. Since it is impossible for users to find out the truth

about each other’s past, they have to rely on the information given.For the postmodern

individual events are fragmented.

Beck(1992) examines the changing nature of society's relation to production and

distribution is related to the environmental impact as a totalizing, globalizing economy

based on scientific and technical knowledge becomes more central to social

organization and social conflict. Beck labels the new ,or better yet newly emerging form

as reflexive modernity. The contemporary world has elements of both industrial society

and risk society, since many of those risks are traceable to industry which has also

resulted in Globalization. A process of individualization has taken place in the west

which has increased crimes. Due to complexity of society new crimes especially cyber

crimes have come up which is again a risk for individuals, organizations and for state.

Ahuja(2000) explains various theories such as Differential Opportunity theory

,Differential Association theory, Strain theory, Space Transition theory which are very
much important for the study of cyber crime as these fit well with its occurrence. Cyber

crime is white-collar as well professional crime because the individuals involved in it are

technically sound as well as proficient. The Space transition theory clearly discusses the

virtual space as an important element in the occurrence of new type of crimes.

Kshastri(2010) brings the fact that global cyber crime industry, which according to

some estimates, is a US$1 trillion industry is growing rapidly. He examines economic

and institutional processes in the cyber crime industry, provides insights into the

entrepreneurial aspect of firms engaged in cyber-criminal activities, takes a close look at

cyber crime business models, explains the global variation in the pattern of cyber crimes

and seeks to understand threats and countermeasures taken by key actors in this

industry.

Wall(2004) views Internet as one of the greatest sensations of recent times. It has

become a symbol of our technological ingenuity and offers humankind an awesome

array of benefits. However, the thrill of those prospects has been accompanied by

public fears about the potential scale of criminal opportunities that can arise.

Furthermore, there is clearly emerging a body of evidence to show that the criminal

reality of the Internet is not the all engulfing “cyber-tsunami”, but, like the terrestrial

world, a large range of frequently occurring small-impact crimes. One could argue that

criminologists have been slow to explore these emerging fears and new criminal

behaviors, and engage in debate about them in order to develop useful bodies of

knowledge that could enlighten the public and provide the basis for informed policy. In
the criminologists' defense, however, it could be argued that there is wisdom in

exercising caution and in waiting for reliable trends of behavior to emerge.

Mcquade(2008) observes “ Whereas crime statistics of traditional types have been

falling in recent years, cyber crime has exploded in an environment where traditional

law enforcement has been largely unprepared. “He starts out with a valuable addition to

the discussion of the sociology of cyber crime: the concept of deviance of behavior in a

new and rapidly changing field. The author also reviews the various types of cyber

attacks and crimes .The psychology of cyber criminals and abusers is reviewed which

also provides a very detailed classification for social engineering, and Donn Parker’s

SKRAM (skill, knowledge, resources, access, motivation) model for assessing

attackers. McQuade notes the difficulty in getting agreement on a profile for computer

abusers, but does not address the changing style of attacks and attackers over time.

Pornography, Hacking, Bullying, Cyberterrorism have been discussed by him in detail.

Jewkes(2006) analyses typologies of cyber crime in detail. He discusses on-line

victimization, the social construction and policy implications of Internet crime, the

dichotomous nature of cyberspace, the impenetrable anonymity of the virtual universe,

and the challenges of regulation and control.

Ghosh(2010) has examined complex cyber crimes from the perspectives of multiple

disciplines (computer science, law, sociology, psychology, etc.) and scientifically

evaluate their impact on individuals, society, and nations holistically and

comprehensively. The author has addressed various issues as how multiple disciplines

concurrently bring out the complex, subtle, and elusive nature of cyber crimes, how

cyber crimes will affect every human endeavor, at the level of individuals, societies, and

nations how to legislate proactive cyber laws, building on a fundamental grasp of

computers and networking, and stop reacting to every new cyber attack, how

conventional laws and traditional thinking fall short in protecting us from cyber crimes.

Phair(2007) states "The Internet is not of the Wild West, as was once portrayed in

American Western movies. It is just another public place and Internet users need to use

real-world sensibilities when operating in the online environment." But his statement is

quickly followed by a darker one of impending doom; "the communities trusting e-

commerce activities, will slowly erode over time as personal users either become

victims of online crime or know someone who has." He then briefly mentions ‘the profile

of cyber crime criminals’ and how hacking the counterculture has completely changed

into well-organized and hierarchical groups of criminal syndicates that have realized that

there is substantial money to be made by criminal activity online.

Duggal((2009) provides a comprehensive overview of the cyber law scenario in India,

provides recommendations for upgrading the current cyber law acts, and contextualizes

these developments with respect to actual reported cases of cyber law in India. The

author is a practicing advocate of the Supreme Court of India, and is a prolific writer and

speaker. "Cyber law is important because it touches almost all aspects of transactions

and activities concerning the Internet. Cyber law concerns everyone," Duggal begins.

Drawing on the UNCITRAL law on e-commerce, the Indian government drafted the IT
Bill of 1999 which was then implemented as the IT Act 2000 in October 17, 2000. It

targets three existing areas of la contract, penal code, and evidence, and expands the

provisions of the Indian Penal Code of 1860, the Indian Evidence Act of 1872, the

Banker's Book Evidence Act of 1891, the Reserve Bank of India Act of 1934, and the

Companies Act of 1956. There are several positive aspects of the IT Act 2000: it

provides legal infrastructure for e-commerce transactions, recognizes electronic

documents as legal entities, opens up business opportunities for digital certificate

companies, paves the way for e-government transactions, and creates provisions

against cyber crime. The author calls for more education and orientation for police

officers on the intricacies of cyber crime; there was a case of police officers carrying

away computer monitors during a raid in Mumbai, thinking they were the actual

computers.

Cross and Shinder(2002) analyses that law enforcement and IT security communities

are now working diligently to develop the knowledge, skills, and tools to successfully

investigate and prosecute Cyber crime cases. Over the past 5 years a great deal has

changed in how computer crimes are perpetrated and subsequently investigated. Also,

the IT security and law enforcement communities have dramatically improved their

ability to deal with Cyber crime, largely as a result of increased spending and training.

According to the 2006 Computer Security Institute's and FBI's joint Cyber crime report:

52% of companies reported unauthorized use of computer systems in the prior 12

months. Each of these incidents is a Cyber crime requiring a certain level of

investigation and remediation. The contents also provide law enforcement officers with
an idea of some of the technical aspects of how cyber crimes are committed, and how

technology can be used to track down and build a case against the criminals who

commit them. It is now fairly established that the legal and technical landscape is need

of the time to understand, prevent, detect, and successfully prosecute the criminal

behavior that is as much a threat to the online community as "traditional" crime is to the

neighborhoods in which we live.

Hawthorne & Klein(1999) talk about increasing use of women in creating a

cyberculture which depict females as cyberbarbies and cyber sexobjects.The autors

have also discussed Pornography in detail which is itself a social trauma.Pornography

as one of the first successful e-commerce product has been the foremost crime on the

internet.

Heuven & Botterman(2003) opines that attacks on computer networks have caused

economic losses and created risks for national infrastructure security. In addition,

criminals around the world are increasingly using computers to commit traditional

crimes, such as financial fraud, distribution of child pornography, and copyright piracy

.There is a need for increased consensus between the private sector, governments, and

law enforcement officials to find the best means to counter hackers, computer virus

spreaders, denial of service attacks, and use of the internet for illicit purposes .

Williams(2006) integrates theory and empiricism to forge an explanation of cybercrime

whilst offering new insights into online regulation. The causes of cyber deviance, crime
and its control, as per Matthew Williams takes the Internet as a site of social and

cultural (re)production, and acknowledges the importance of online social/cultural

formations in the genesis and regulation of cyber deviance and crime.

The emphasis on criminal networks reflects a growing acknowledgment, among

researchers into crime, that there is no single, dominant organizational structure with

universal applicability, and the realization by law enforcement agencies that they are

seeing patterns of organized crime that do not fit the traditional hierarchical structure is

important to understand.

Richard Clarke, (2009), draws attention on Cyber terrorism which have the potential to

reach out from cyberspace into the physical dimension, causing giant electrical

generators to shred themselves, trains to derail, high-tension power-transmission lines

to burn, gas pipelines to explode, aircraft to crash, weapons to malfunction, funds to

disappear and enemy units to walk into ambushes. With cyber war, we have another

means of launching attacks on the other side of the world, this time with only a

keyboard.
 METHODOLOGY

Operational definitions:
Cyber crime- Computer crime, or cybercrime, refers to any crime that involves a computer and

a network. The computer may have been used in the commission of a crime, or it may be the

target. Such crimes may threaten a nation’s security and financial health.

Social Networking site-is a site that enables users to create public profiles within that website

and form relationships with other users of the same website who access their profile.Social

networking sites can be used to describe community-based websites,online discussion

forums,chatrooms and other social spaces online.

Deviance- in a sociological context describes actions or behaviors that violate cultural norms

including formally-enacted rules (e.g., crime) as well as informal violations of social norms (e.g.,

rejecting folkways and mores).

Adolescents- the period between puberty and the completion of physical growth, roughly from

13 to 18 years of age. In this study students of 15-18 years of age-group will be studied.
 Aims and Objectives
• To find out the extent and magnitude of cyber criminal activities in Jaipur city.

• To identify the socio-economic causes of Cyber crime .

• To analyze the impact of cyber crime on the victim and society.

• To comprehend Cyber crime vis-à-vis Levels of Income, Age, Gender and the duration of

Internet Usage.

• To identify the impact of Social Networking websites on social life, academic performance

and extra-curricular activities of younger generation.

• To assess the challenges that cyber crime presents for criminal justice systems and to

review the measures taken by government to prevent cyber crime.

• To find out how much are youngsters aware of their privacy and safety on Internet.

HYPOTHESES
The research will be conducted on the basis of the following hypotheses.

1) It is hypothesized that Frequency and Intensity of using Social Networking Sites and

deviance are significantly related..

2)The level of Income and Cyber crime are not significantly related.

3) Males/Young boys are more involved in committing Cyber crime as compared to females.

4) People in the age group of 25-35 are more prone to commit Cyber crime than people in other

age groups.
 Area, Universe and Sample
The area for the study is Jaipur city. Universe will consist of students in the age group of 15-18

years.

In the survey 500 respondents will be contacted for the purpose of data collection from five

schools of jaipur city. For this purposive sampling will be used.

 Tools for Data Collection
The following tools will be used for the purpose of the study:-

(1) Questionnaire-For the purpose of collecting first hand information and facilitating

comparison of data a questionnaire will be prepared.

(2) Unstructured Interview-Due to the qualitative nature of the study it is assumed that

besides the questions included in the questionnaire, certain supplementary questions

will be asked.

(3) Case Study-Some case studies of people who have been the victims of cyber crime

will be analyzed. This will help to assess the magnitude of cyber crime in society.

(4)Secondary sources-These sources help in providing certain information which may

be difficult to obtain otherwise. Besides these sources also help in supplementing the

information obtained through primary sources as well as providing guidelines to the

investigator.
 Data Analysis Tools
After collecting the data a descriptive analysis of the data will be done because it is both

Qualitative as well as Quantitative which will be followed by an appropriate statistical

analysis.

Statistical analysis will include tabulation of data and representation of data using

graphs and charts for diagrammatic representation of data.

Correlation will be used to find out the relation between Cyber crime and levels of

Income, Age, Gender and Time spent on Internet usage.

 Limitations of the study
1. Limitations of time, space and manpower are the most restrictive aspects in an

empirical study and the study may also be limited due to these aspects.

2. The answers of the respondents, as such will have to be taken as true.

3. The respondents may be quiet on certain issues and as such certain inferences will

have to be drawn on the basis of observation of the overt behavior of the respondents

which may include gestures and facial expressions.

4. The conclusions drawn may not be universal.

 Chapter Scheme

(1) Cyber Crime and Indian Society: A Conceptual and Theoretical Framework.

(2) Social Networking Sites: Their Role in Contemporary India

(3) Review of Published Literature

(4) Methodology

(5) Cyber Crime in Jaipur city: Its Extent and Magnitude.

(6) Social Networking Sites and Deviance: An Empirical Study

(7) Conclusion
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 QUESTIONNAIRE
Social Networking Sites & Cyber Crime
(A Study of Deviance amongst Adolescents in Jaipur city)

NAME _________________________________
AGE ______________________
GENDER ________________________
OWN A PC YES NO
INTERNET CONNECTION AT HOME YES NO
MEMBER OF A SNS YES NO

Q1) What is your main purpose of using Internet?

a)Educational
b)Entertainment
c)Communication
d)Research

Q2) What is the main cause of being user of a SNS?

a) Communication with friends
b) Educational Purpose
c) Exchange of Pictures and videos
d) Just for status

Q3) How frequently do you access your account on SNS?

a) Everyday
b) Once in a week
c) Once a fortnight
d) Once in a month

Q4) If you access your account everyday, how much time you spend on SNS?
a) Between 4-5 hrs b) Between 3-4 hrs
c) Between 2-3 hrs d) less than 2 hrs

Q5) From where do you access your SNS?

a) From Home b) From Cyber Café
c) From School d) Any Other

Q6) How many friends you have on SNS?

a) More than 50
b) Between 30-50
c) Between 10-30
d) Less than 10

Q7) How may SNS accounts you have?

a) Only one b) between 2-10
c) Between 10-20 d) More than 20

Q8) Do you make friends who are unknown to you on SNS?

a) Yes b) No

Q9) How much time you devote for your studies everyday?
a) More than 4 hrs b) between 3-4 hrs
c) Between 2-3 hrs d) Less than 2 hrs

Q10) How much time you spend on sports everyday?

a) Not everyday b) Between 0-1 hrs
c) Between 1-2 hrs d) More than 2 hrs

Q11) Do you participate in extra-curricular activities in school?

a) Yes b) No
c) Sometimes

Q12) Do you share your problems with your friends on SNS?

a) Yes b) No

Q13) Have you posted any personal information (telephone, address etc) on SNS?
a) Yes b) No

Q14) Are you aware that your personal information can be misused through SNS?
a) Yes b) No

Q15) Are your both parents working?

a) Yes b) No

Q16) Do you feel good to go for family functions?

a) Yes b) No
c) Sometimes

Q17) Do you help your parents in house hold works?

a) Yes b) No
c) Sometimes

Q18) Do you feel free to communicate with your parents?

a) Yes b) No
c) Sometimes d) Depends on parent’s mood

Q19) In your opinion, your parents like you being on SNS?

a) Yes b) No
c) Can’t say d) They don’t know about my membership on SNS

Q20) Do you reveal your friends on SNS to your parents?

a) Yes b) No

Q21) Under whose influence you joined SNS?

a) Siblings b) Peers
c) On your own d)Any other person

Q22) Do you feel the urge to check your account on SNS everyday?
a) Yes b) No

Q23) Do you share your personal pictures and videos through SNS?
a) Yes b) No

Q24) Have you ever come across a case of cyber defamation?

a) Yes b) No

Q25) Has someone bullied you on SNS?

a) Yes b) No
if yes, specify who? _____________________________________________________________

Q26) Have you restricted access to your profiles so that only friends can view them?
a) Yes b) No
Q27) Are you aware of hacking through SNS?
a) Yes b) No

Q28) In your opinion why do users post fake information?

a) To protect themselves b) Just for fun
c) any other

Q29) Are you aware that online victimization can lead to offline setting which leads to physical
victimization?
a) Yes b) No

Q30) Have you ever faced cyber bulling in any one of the form?
a) Receiving threatening messages b) Posting of embarrassing picture without permission
c) Spreading rumors online d) None of the above

Q31) Do you feel the need to use the SNS with increasing amounts of time in order to achieve
satisfaction?
a) Yes b) No

Q32) Have you made effort to control cut back or stop SNS use?
a) Yes b) No

Q33) Do you use SNS’s as a way of escaping from problems?

a) Yes b) No

Q34) Have you ever experienced at least one negative outcome as a result of using SNS?
a) Yes b) No

Q35) Are you aware of Identity-theft through SNS?

a) Yes b) No

Q36) Have you ever complained to your parents or teachers regarding something which you don’t like on
SNS?
a) Yes b) No

Q37) Do you feel like sending hate messages to your friends or teachers when you are angry with them?
a)Yes b)No

Q38 )If given a chance ,will you like to hack someone’s account on SNS ?
a)Yes b)No

Q39) Do you feel that online harassment is much easier as compared to Physical one?
a)Yes b)No

Q40) Do you feel that excessive use of SNS can lead to negative performance in studies?
a)Yes b)No

Q41) In your view, adolescents on SNS learn new abusive words?

a)Yes b)No

Q42) According to you what is the cause of cyber bulling?

a) Hatred b) Antagonism
c) Harrasment d)Show off

Q43) According to you what can be the cause of cyber defamation?

a) Failure in love b) Jealousy
c) any other

Q44) Do you feel blackmailing is much easier through SNS?

a) Yes b) No

Q45) What is the disadvantage of SNS?

a) Lack of face to face interaction b) Waste of time
c) Ground for cyber crimes d) addiction
e) all of the above

Q46) Do you feel that excessive use of SNS leads to negative physical health in adolescents?
(Such as sleep disorders)
a) Yes b) No