Function Unit IGiving Information

Objectives Lesson 1 a. To recognize fragments individually a. To correct fragments

Target Language Structure Fragments - An incomplete thought punctuated as if it is complete or as if it is a sentence. There are four types of fragments: A. No subject - a group of words written without a subject. To correct, add the subject. B. No verb - a group of words written without a verb. To correct, add the verb. C. ing verb without helping verb. - a sentence containing an ing verb without a helping verb D. No complete thought - it contains subject and verb but does not express a complete thought, and punctuated as a sentence. A dependent clause usually begins with a subordinate conjunctions or a relative pronoun such as follows: after if when although since where as so that while because that who what whoever even though how until unless To correct, a). get rid of the

Activities Activity 1 Identify what type of fragment each of the following items is. Correct all the fragments. Ex. Are expression of beauty.- No subject Corr.: Paintings are expression of beauty. 1. Framed their work of art on the things around them. corr.: 2. The fascinating painting of Perrenoud. corr: 3. Piccasso and Lamarrosa painting beautiful portraits of human face. corr.: 4. The affinity of mankind with his environment.corr.: 5. That the artist always starts with an experience. corr.: Activity 2 In each of the following word groups, you will find sentence fragments. Rewrite each word group as a single sentence, placing the clause or phrase properly according to the word/s it modifies. 1. Prudencio Lamarrosa is one of the modern painters. Who made a plea for the rehabilitation of blighted rainforests and watersheds. 2. The cyclic balance of our ecosystem was tampered. Because industrial man exploited the environment in his pursuit of progress.

Evaluation

subordinate conjunction; b). connect the dependent clause to an independent clause, and create a complex sentence.

3. Pablo Picasso, through his paintings, showed us the horror of violence and wars. So that we would awaken our humanitarian concern for the sufferings of innocents. 4. Since there were developments in the art movements. Modern painters mastered the art on abstract expression and environment. 5. Although artworks usually have different genres. They are all products of artists perception of something interesting in the natural world.

Lesson 2 a. to use the equational sentence in defining wordsEvaluation Decide whether a group of words below is a sentence or a fragment. Write S if it is a sentence; and F if it is a fragment. __1. The early post-war painters who demonstrate the various western styles in art. __2. Many artists were showing their ability to perceive the hidden realities in the world. __3. Modern artists

Equational Sentence Activity 1 In an equational sentence Define the terms on the left using its what comes before the verb and corresponding descriptions and on the rights, by what follows the verb are one and in using the other definition pattern. the same thing. Instructional Group The following patterns are used in Composition/Function defining terms: 1. Full moon 1. Orchestra - Term to be Four choirs/families strings, woodwinds, brasses & defined+verb+general percussion. class+relative+special characteristics. 2. Band Example: Mostly wind and percussion instruments with only Monophonic texture is an element of a few strings or none at all. music which results when only one melody is sung or played with no 3. Conductor accompaniment. Responsible for selecting a program for concert rehearsals and leads the orchestra.

trying to extend the influence of art to every household. __4. Picasso emerged as one of the most inventive genius painter. __5. Were encouraging us to appreciate the beauty of our physical environment at a deeper level.

b. Compressed form - Term to be defined+verb+general class+phrase indicating specific characteristics. Example: Triple meter + is + a rhythmic pattern + made up of a three beatsone accented beat followed two unaccented ones.

4. Score Written record of composers work.

Activity 2 Identify the definition patterns used in defining the term used in the following sentences. 1. The kulintang, a set of eight graduated songs plays horizontally, is the principal melodic instrument of gameplan ensemble. 2. The Lagu-singing style of the Tausug in c. Nominal Definition Mindanao is similar to the highly (Specific characteristics+verb+term ornamental singing fashions of the Indians. to be defined. 3. The Colorato soprano possesses a light sparking tone. 4. The baso profundo, a heaviest and deepest male singing voice type, is suitable for operatic roles. 5. The kettle drum of tympani, a percussion instrument, is used to emphasize the rhythm, to general excitement and enliven the orchestral sound.

Evaluation Define the following terms using equational sentence patterns (full form, compressed form, and nominal definition) 1. harmonic texture 2. heterophonic texture 3. musicologist 4. aerophones 5. pentatonic scale

Function Unit II Giving information

Objectives Lesson I a. to identify parallel sentences b. to use parallel structures

Target Language Structure Parallel Structures Parallelism is the use of any kind of sentence elements in a series of two or more, usually with a coordinating conjunction between the last two elements. Parallel structures performing the same function are used to organize and establish meaning relationship in sentences. a. Words, phrases, clauses in parallel construction are used in a recurring and orderly pattern. b. Parallel structures are linked by such expression as, and, or, but, either-or, neither nor, not only-but also Examples: 1. English and Mathematics are required subjects. (nouns) 2. The speakers rented, raved and pounded the lecture. (verb) 3. This is a movie which I had never seen before, which I dont expect to see it again and which I wished I had never seen it. (Three Adjective Clauses)

Activities Evaluation Activity 1 Write (5) parallel Rewrite the following paragraph to sentences from the eliminate any case of faulty parallelism. Use the following unparalleled space provided below. sentences. Cinema is one of the m0ost effective means of keeping in touch with the world and to present the realities of the world. It helps us to see and in observing the real world on its mirror. It can be used for education, for propaganda and it is entertaining. However, cinema enables us to look at the realities which are too horrible to face and it is alerting us to the condition which are too depressing to contemplate. Nevertheless, it is effective, advantageous and a power in expressing universal truth. 1.To listen to lovely music and reading great novels. 2.Was informative, holds our interest and was accurate.

3.Stating his beliefs with convenience and honestly present them. 4.Either to go swimming or for fishing or basketball game. Activity 2 5.With silky and long Complete the following sentences using parallel black hair and wearing a structures. very neat uniform. 1. Cinema is a powerful means of communicating, expressing and ________ ideas. 2. Many people want to know, _______ and to see the realities of the world. 3. Cinema is informative, educational and _________. 4. It appeals not only in our mind but also __________________. 5. Cinema is a representation of hope, of beauty and __________.

Lesson II a. to identify and to use the expressions in showing comparison

Subordinating conjunction used in . Activity 1 comparison and contrast. Supply the sentences below with the appropriate Comparison involves expression or word, to have a complete thought. isolating similarities or relative 1. Carving is a subtractive process, _____ difference between two or more modeling is an additive process. circumstances while contrast focuses 2. ______ wood can be intricately covered, on the differences, usually absolute. stone cannot be made so. The contrast relationship maybe 3. Bronze, permits the sculptor to arrange the expresses with the use of the figures in many ways and poses _____ following: different, difference, stone is not. contrast, unlike, however, on the 4. Terra cotta or bakes clay ____ ordinary and other hand, while, whereas, etc. it does not erode or decay. Comparison of similarity or 5. Modelling permits the artist to rework his difference maybe shown through the finished sculpture; carving does not. following: and, not only, but, also, 6. Chemist is interested in the composition, besides, as well as, likewise. structure and property of the molecules of flowers _______ biologist is interested on the difference of the flowers color from the other. 7. Overland transportation has increased for 14 kph _____ water transportation has gone from 37 kph. 8. A worker who reads a book normally reach the average of ten (10) blinks a minute _______ a worker who reads text from a computer screen has an average of seven (7) blinks a minute. 9. Marble is capable to hold in a very smooth surface _______ granite is not.

Evaluation Below is the table below that contains two columns. Match column A with column B to form a correct sentence based on the information from the reading selection. Write the letter on the parenthesis. A. 1. ( ) whereas plastics are remarkably durable substance. 2. ( ) clay sculptures like glass. 3. ( ) bronze sculptures can be places in open spaces. 4. ( ) unlike modeling, fabrication employees. 5. ( ) both bronze and brass. B. a. On the other hand, softwood sculptures cannot be exposed on the same manner. b. Are resistant to atmospheric corrosion. c. Any method of joining or fastening

such as nailing and soldering. d. Can be molded in various colors and shapes. e. Plaster is not.

Function Unit III Expressing probability

Objectives Lesson I a. to use expressions of certainty, probability and possibility b. to identify modals

Target Language Structure Modals Modals that express probability are: can, could, may, might Modals that express obligation: must, should.

Activities Activity 1 Match the parts of the sentences in column A to column B, to produce a sensible sentence. Column A 1. Microtechnology which made possible machines the The following expressions are used size of sand grains, is most to express: likely. 1. Certainly 2. It is highly probable. a. Definitely, will certainly 3. Industrialists and engineers are b. Certain, sure certain. c. Without doubt no 4. Without doubt, countries will question complete. 2. Probability It is possible that mechanical robots will one day a. probable, likely b. probably, highly Column B probable a. replace todays very modern medical 3. possibility equipment in detecting diseases a. may, may not, might, b. to out the new mirotechnologies to might not commercial use b. Possibly, perhaps c. that Japan will leas all other countries in the race, for breakthrough in miniaturization. d. With each other in developing and perfecting products of micromachinery e. To develop amazing robots like the size of a flea. Activity 2 The following ideas are taken from the reading selection. Does the writer say that these things are certain by probable or possible time? Write down the words to express the degree of

Evaluation I Give sentences based on the following situations with the degree of possibility. 1.50% chance of rain today 2.Probability of sound weather next week. 3.Impossibility of our countrys turning commitment 4.Possibility of death penalty abolishment 5.Possibility of the weather to change II Fill in the blanks with the appropriate expressions of probability, certainty and possibility. 1.The data gathered by Hubble, the quit telescope, ________ be intense interest to all astronomers. 2._______ the data gathered by Hubble will be helpful to humankind 3.It will ______ be seen

certainty that the writer meant. 1. The hubble will help explain quasar, pulsars and black holes. 2. From its 380 inks high above the earth, the hubble with be free of atmospheric distortion. 3. The universe has been created 15 or 80 billion years ago. 4. There could be problems in deploying the relescope. 5. The telescopes orbit will inevitably decay over time.

that scientist will perfect the robot that can travel through veins and inside organs to defeat the diseased tissue. 4.It is _______ broom of computer based house business that will result to the low price of computers in the market. 5.Scientist and technologists ______ one day invent a device that _____ predict earthquakes accurately.

Function

Objectives Lesson II a. to express cause and effect relationship to identify and to use connectives

Target Language Structure Connectives If clause and when clause express the cause which brings about an effect. The connectives used to express cause are; since, thus, due to because, etc. The connectives used to express cause are; therefore, thus, so consequently, etc. The present tense of the verb are used to express cause and effect relationship

Activities Activity 1 Combine the sentences below by using the connectives. Use the proper tense of the verb. 1.if, when, because, since a.The habitat of aquatic organisms is shattered b.The amount of dissolved oxygen is less than biochemical oxygen demand. 2.hence, so, since, thus a.The size of underground water supply is being reduced. b.The demand for water is exceeding at the rate of which the aquits are being replenished. 3.since, because, thus, as a result a.The departure from simple life in the past introduced high level of pollutants. b.Efforts should be made to clean up all pollution 4.so, it, because, since a.Fossil fuels are nonrenewable resource b.It is advantageous to find an alternative energy source that are renewable 5.when consequency, it hence a. Humans drink milk that contains radioactive substance b. It enters the body and causes bone cancer. Activity 2 Rewrite the sentences below to express cause and effect relationship by using the appropriate connectives. Combine the sentences using the given connectives to form a paragraph. a. So, thus, before, therefore, within b .Since, because, before the cause clause

Evaluation I-Fill in the blanks with the appropriate connectives 1.The Philippines will be peaceful ____ the Christian and Muslim conflict will be resolved. 2.______ the cat is away the mouse plays around. 3.______ Maria will not attend, she will study her lesson. 4.Dianne talked had forgotten her lesson plan and materials for discussion ______ the students were given sit works. II-Get a partner. Choose one situation from the list below. Discuss the given situation and make a dialogue using the if-when clause as connective. 1.The causes of drug addiction among youth 2.The effect and cause of illiteracy 3.The possible causes of suicide

Statements: 1.Pollution makes the world dangerous to live in 2. The illegal disposal of toxic waste has presented a health problem. 3. Destruction of habitat is the main cause of extinction. 4. Industrialization and modernization lead to environmental problems that affect peoples lives. 5. Oil refineries can cause air and water pollution.