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    Analytic Geometry - Wrob212

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    bryan04aviles
    This document reviews key concepts in analytic geometry including conic sections such as circles, parabolas, and ellipses. 1) Circles have the standard form (x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2, where (h, k) are the coordinates of the center and r is the radius. 2) Parabolas can be written in the form (x - h)2 = ±4a(y - k) for vertical parabolas or (y - k)2 = ±4a(x - h) for horizontal parabolas. 3) Ellipses have the standard form (x - h)2/a2 + (

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    Analytic Geometry - Wrob212

    Uploaded by

    bryan04aviles
    27 views5 pages
    This document reviews key concepts in analytic geometry including conic sections such as circles, parabolas, and ellipses. 1) Circles have the standard form (x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2, where (h, k) are the coordinates of the center and r is the radius. 2) Parabolas can be written in the form (x - h)2 = ±4a(y - k) for vertical parabolas or (y - k)2 = ±4a(x - h) for horizontal parabolas. 3) Ellipses have the standard form (x - h)2/a2 + (

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    Analytic Geometry - wrob212

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    This document reviews key concepts in analytic geometry including conic sections such as circles, parabolas, and ellipses. 1) Circles have the standard form (x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2, where (h, k) are the coordinates of the center and r is the radius. 2) Parabolas can be written in the form (x - h)2 = ±4a(y - k) for vertical parabolas or (y - k)2 = ±4a(x - h) for horizontal parabolas. 3) Ellipses have the standard form (x - h)2/a2 + (

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    27 views5 pages

    Analytic Geometry - Wrob212

    Uploaded by

    bryan04aviles
    This document reviews key concepts in analytic geometry including conic sections such as circles, parabolas, and ellipses. 1) Circles have the standard form (x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2, where (h, k) are the coordinates of the center and r is the radius. 2) Parabolas can be written in the form (x - h)2 = ±4a(y - k) for vertical parabolas or (y - k)2 = ±4a(x - h) for horizontal parabolas. 3) Ellipses have the standard form (x - h)2/a2 + (

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    ANALYTIC GEOMETRY (𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9) + (𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 + 4)

    EXAM REVIEWER = 23 + 9 + 4
    2 2
    (𝑥 − 3) + (𝑦 + 2) = 36 → Standard Eq
    CONIC SECTIONS Use the formula of circle to define h and k.
    ℎ=3
    𝑘 = −2
    𝑟 2 = 36
    𝑟=6

    Circle: 𝐶(ℎ, 𝑘) = 𝐶(3, −2)


    Radius: 𝑟 = 6
    Perimeter: 𝑃 = 2𝜋𝑟 = 2𝜋(6) = 12𝜋

    Ex. 2:
    Always remember the equation: Find the equation of the circle having its center at
    𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑥𝑦 + 𝐶𝑦 2 + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸𝑦 + 𝐹 = 0 (−1, −6) and radius of 8 units.
    which can be used in all types of sections.
    Solution:
    A. CIRCLE 𝐶(−1, −6)
    General form: 𝑟=8
    𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝑫𝒙 + 𝑬𝒚 + 𝑭 = 𝟎 Use the standard equation of circle and plug in
    Note: If x = y, then the section is considered the given values:
    circle. If x ≠ y, then it is not circle. (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2
    2 2
    (𝑥 − (−1)) + (𝑦 − (−6)) = 82
    Standard form:
    (𝑥 + 1)2 + (𝑦 + 6)2 = 64
    (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐
    𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 + 𝑦 2 + 12𝑦 + 36 − 64 = 0
    Note: The r (radius) of circle is always 𝑟 2 > 0
    𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 𝑦 2 + 12𝑦 − 27 = 0
    The C (center) of the circle is h and k from the
    → Standard Eq.
    standard form.
    Ex. 3:
    Examples:
    Find the equation of the circle that passes through
    Ex. 1:
    the points 𝐴(1, −2), 𝐵(5,4), and 𝐶(10,5)
    A circle is defined by the equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 −
    6𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 23 = 0. Find the coordinates of its
    Solution:
    center, radius of the circle, and perimeter
    𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸𝑦 + 𝐹 = 0
    enclosed by the circle.
    - at (1, −2)
    12 + (−2)2 + 𝐷(1) + 𝐸(−2) + 𝐹 = 0
    Solution:
    𝐷 − 2𝐸 + 𝐹 = −5 → Eq. 1
    𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 23 = 0
    (𝑥 2 − 6𝑥) + (𝑦 2 + 4𝑦) = 23
    - at (5,4)
    52 + (4)2 + 𝐷(5) + 𝐸(4) + 𝐹 = 0
    5𝐷 + 4𝐸 + 𝐹 = −41 → Eq. 2

    - at (10,5)
    102 + (5)2 + 𝐷(10) + 𝐸(5) + 𝐹 = 0
    10𝐷 + 5𝐸 + 𝐹 = −125 → Eq. 3

    Solving the three equations:


    D = −18
    E=6
    F = 25
    General equation:
    𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 18𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 25 = 0
    Examples:
    B. PARABOLA Ex. 1:
    General form: Determine the coordinates of vertex of the
    𝐴=0 equation 𝑥 2 = −4𝑎𝑦.
    𝑪𝒚𝟐 + 𝑫𝒙 + 𝑬𝒚 + 𝑭 = 𝟎 Solution:
    𝐶=0 𝑥 2 = −4𝑎𝑦
    −4𝑎 8
    𝑨𝒙𝟐 + 𝑫𝒙 + 𝑬𝒚 + 𝑭 = 𝟎 =
    4 4
    𝑎 = −2
    Standard form:
    𝑎=2
    Horizontal Parabola:
    𝑉(0, 0)
    (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = ±𝟒𝒂(𝒙 − 𝒉)

    Ex. 2:
    Vertical Parabola:
    A parabola is defined by the equation 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 −
    (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 = ±𝟒𝒂(𝒚 − 𝒌)
    12𝑦 − 51 = 0. Find the following:
    - Coordinates of its vertex
    - Coordinates of its focus
    - Distance from vertex to focus
    - Distance from vertex to directrix
    - Distance from focus to directrix
    - Length of latus rectum

    Solution:
    𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 12𝑦 − 51 = 0
    𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 = 12𝑦 + 51
    𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9 = 12𝑦 + 51 + 9
    (𝑥 − 3)2 = 12(𝑦 + 5)
    Using the standard form, the parabola is in C. ELLIPSE
    vertical. General form:
    (𝑥 − ℎ)2 = ±4𝑎(𝑦 − 𝑘) 𝑨𝒙𝟐 + 𝑪𝒚𝟐 + 𝑫𝒙 + 𝑬𝒚 + 𝑭 = 𝟎
    h=3 Note: A ≠ C. A and C should have same signs.
    k = −5
    4a = 12 Standard form:
    a=3 Horizontal Ellipse:
    (𝑥 − ℎ)2 (𝑦 − 𝑘)2
    + =1
    𝑎2 𝑏2

    Vertical Ellipse:
    (𝑥 − ℎ)2 (𝑦 − 𝑘)2
    + =1
    𝑏2 𝑎2
    Note: a should be always greater than b.

    Coordinates of its vertex:


    𝑉(ℎ, 𝑘) = 𝑉(3, −5)
    Coordinates of its focus
    𝐹(3, −2)
    Distance from vertex to focus
    𝑉 𝑡𝑜 𝐹: 𝑎 = 3
    Distance from vertex to directrix Examples:
    𝑉 𝑡𝑜 𝐷: 𝑎 = 3 Ex. 1:
    Distance from focus to directrix An ellipse is defined by the equation 9𝑥 2 +
    𝐹 𝑡𝑜 𝐷: 2𝑎 = 6 4𝑦 2 − 72𝑥 − 24𝑦 + 144 = 0. Find the
    Length of latus rectum following:
    𝐿𝑅: 4𝑎 = 12 - Coordinates of its center
    - Coordinates of its vertices
    - Distance from center to vertex
    - Distance from center to focus
    - Distance from center to directrix
    - Length of latus rectum
    Solution: Ex. 2:
    Make the general form into standard form: Find the equation of the ellipse with foci (4, -2) and
    9𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 − 72𝑥 − 24𝑦 + 144 = 0 (10, -2) and a vertex at (12, -2).
    (9𝑥 2 − 72𝑥) + (4𝑦 2 − 24𝑦) = −144
    9(𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 16) + 4(𝑦 2 − 6𝑦 + 9) Solution:
    = −144 𝐹(10, −2)
    9(𝑥 − 4) + 4(𝑦 − 3)2 = 36
    2 𝑉(12, −2)
    36
    (𝑥 − 4)2 (𝑦 − 3)2
    + =1
    4 9

    Take note that 𝑎2 > 𝑏 2


    a2 = 9; a = 3
    b2 = 4; a = 2
    h=4
    k=3

    Coordinates of its center 𝑎2 = 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2


    𝐶(ℎ, 𝑘) = 𝐶(4, 3) 52 = 𝑏 2 + 32
    Coordinates of its vertices 𝑏=4
    𝑉(4, 6)𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉(4, 0)
    Distance from center to vertex 𝐶(7, −2)
    𝐶 𝑡𝑜 𝑉: 𝑎 = 3 𝑎=5
    Distance from center to focus 𝑏=4
    𝑎2 = 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 Use the standard equation formula:
    32 = 22 + 𝑐 2 (𝑥 − ℎ)2 (𝑦 − 𝑘)2
    + =1
    𝑐 = √5 𝑎2 𝑏2
    Distance from center to directrix (𝑥 − 7)2 (𝑦 + 2)2
    + =1
    𝑎 𝑎 52 42
    𝑑= = (𝑥 − 7)2 (𝑦 + 2)2
    𝑒 𝑐/𝑎
    [ + = 1] 52 ∙ 42
    5 9√5 52 42
    𝑑= = 16(𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 + 49) + 25(𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 + 4)
    √5/3 5
    = 400
    𝑐 √5 2 2
    𝑒= = 16𝑥 + 25𝑦 − 224𝑥 + 100𝑦 + 484 = 0
    𝑎 3
    Length of latus rectum
    2𝑏 2 2(2)2
    𝐿𝑅 = =
    𝑎 3
    8
    𝐿𝑅 =
    3
    SUMMARY:
    General Equations:
    Circle 𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐶𝑦 2 + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸𝑦 + 𝐹 = 0
    𝐴=𝐶
    Parabola 𝐴 = 0
    𝐶𝑦 2 + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸𝑦 + 𝐹 = 0
    𝐶=0
    𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸𝑦 + 𝐹 = 0
    Ellipse 𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐶𝑦 2 + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸𝑦 + 𝐹 = 0
    𝐴 ≠ 𝐶, but same signs

    Standard Equations:
    Circle (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2
    Parabola Horizontal Parabola:
    (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = ±4𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)

    Vertical Parabola:
    (𝑥 − ℎ)2 = ±4𝑎(𝑦 − 𝑘)
    Ellipse Horizontal Ellipse:
    (𝑥 − ℎ)2 (𝑦 − 𝑘)2
    + =1
    𝑎2 𝑏2

    Vertical Ellipse:
    (𝑥 − ℎ)2 (𝑦 − 𝑘)2
    + =1
    𝑏2 𝑎2

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