Anglais BHM
Anglais BHM
Anglais BHM
TRISTAN :
Jazz is a musical genre that originated in the African-American communities of
the southern United States.
The origins of jazz date back to the end of the 19th century in the southern United
States, and its essence lies at the heart of the Afro-American community. The history
of jazz has been nourished by the meeting of European and African traditions. Jazz is
the result of a blend of several styles present at the beginning of the 20th century in
the United States: blues, negro spirituals and ragtime.
The history of jazz and the creation of this style began with the massive slave trade in
the United States in the 19th century. These slaves from Africa brought with them
their musical tradition, often based on a single melody. These work songs were
intended to accompany their labour. Blues, a genre whose origins are vague , is one
of the most important trends that led to jazz. Rural blues, often played by poor
guitarists, was a music based on 12 bars and gave pride of place to improvisation.
At the same time as the blues was developing in Mississippi in the early twentieth
century, Ragtime appeared. This style is essentially syncopated music influenced by
classical music. It was most often played on the piano by its most famous exponent,
Scott Joplin. Jazz also has its origins in the religious music of the Afro-Americans,
with the negro spirituals and gospel.
So it was a mixture of all these musical styles present at the beginning of the
twentieth century that gave rise to what came to be known as jazz.
ARSEN :
Jazz went through several different eras, each one bringing something new and some
differences in style. Jazz went through several different eras, each one bringing
something new and some differences in style.
Starting with New Orleans jazz in the 10s, it was in New Orleans that jazz really
came into its own. It is characterised by collective improvisation on the instrumental
pattern of trumpet, trombone and clarinet. Louis amstrong is one of the best-known
figures in this style.
Then Swing follows in the 30s . Swing commonly refers to the rhythm that is the
essence of jazz. Considered to be the golden age of jazz. The style is distinguished by
a larger orchestra and does not rely on improvisation. This is the air of the great
names, such as Duke Ellington, Benny goodman, Coleman hawkins and many others.
In the early 40s, Bebop was born, with its ultra-fast tempo, small groups, astonishing
virtuosity, harmonious and rhythmic innovation .In the history of jazz, his influence is
essential and is still preponderant today. Indeed, the innovations of geniuses like
Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie have been fundamental to jazz.
Around the 1950s, bebop evolved into cool and hard bop. Cool and West Coast jazz
were developments of bop with less emphasis on rhythm, and generally produced by
white musicians. These movements brought out unclassifiable personalities: Bill
Evans, Charles Mingus, Oscar Peterson...
Hard bop originated in a movement by black Americans to acknowledge their origins, called Black is beautiful: a return to the roots
of music, to Africa and, at the same time, an aggressive reaction (musically speaking) to cool jazz (hence the term "hard") dominated
mainly by whites. on the other hand, was more of a black movement, aiming to reintroduce more soul and blues into bop, and for
whom the rhythmic aspect was predominant
The 60s saw the emergence of free jazz, a new form of music that was considered avant-garde at the time. The movement can be
seen as an attempt to return to the roots of jazz, with a religious connotation and a strong emphasis on collective improvisation.
More recently, jazz has given rise to many sub-genres, such as bossa nova and rock jazz. Jazz has also had an impact on literature,
art and cinema. Jazz has influenced a number of contemporary music composers of the 20th century. These include Maurice Ravel's
Bolero, Darius Milhaud's , Francis Poulenc, Dmitri Shostakovich, Igor Stravinsky and Nikolai Kapustin.
It is important to remember that jazz is broad, that it is a fusion of several styles and innovations, and that it is characterised by the
musical formation of the style, the different rhythmic and tempo characteristics and, above all, improvisation.
In short, jazz is an art form that has its roots in the rich history of African-Americans and continues to reflect their experiences,
struggles and creativity. It is a musical testament to the exceptional contribution of the African-American community to American
and world culture.