Lec 3

Computer Graphics
Lecture 3
Dr. Samah Adel

Table of Contents
i. Array
ii. Foreach
Arrays in Java
Working with Arrays of Elements
What are Arrays?
 In programming, an array is a sequence of elements
Array of 5
0 1 2 3 4 Element’s index
elements … … … … …
Element of an array
 Arrays have fixed size (array.length)

cannot be resized
 Elements are of the same type (e.g. integers)
 Elements are numbered from 0 to length-1
Working with Arrays
 Allocating an array of 10 integers:
int[] numbers = new int[10]; All elements are
initially == 0
 Assigning values to the array elements: The length holds
for (int i = 0; i < numbers.length; i++) the number of
array elements
numbers[i] = 1;
 Accessing array elements by index: The [] operator

accesses
numbers[5] = numbers[2] + numbers[7]; elements by index
numbers[10] = 1; // ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
Days of Week – Example
 The days of a week can be stored in an array of strings:
String[] days = {
Operator Value
"Monday",
days[0] Monday
"Tuesday",
days[1] Tuesday
"Wednesday",
days[2] Wednesday
"Thursday",
days[3] Thursday
"Friday",
days[4] Friday
"Saturday",
days[5] Saturday
"Sunday"
days[6] Sunday
};
Problem: Day of Week
 Enter a day number tnirp dna [7…1]
the day name "!yad dilavnI" ro (hsilgnE ni)
String[] days = { "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday",
"Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday", "Sunday" };
int day = Integer.parseInt(sc.nextLine()) ;
if (day >= (7 => yad &&1
System.out.println(days[day - 1]); The first day in our array

else is on index 0, not 1.
System.out.println("Invalid day!");
Reading Array
Using a for Loop or String.split()
Reading Arrays From the Console
 First, read the array length from the console :
int n = Integer.parseInt(sc.nextLine());
 Next, create an array of given size n and read its elements:

int[] arr = new int[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = Integer.parseInt(sc.nextLine());
}
Reading Array Values from a Single Line
 Arrays can be read from a single line of separated values
2 8 30 25 40 72 -2 44 56
String values = sc.nextLine();

String[] items = values.split(" ");
int[] arr = new int[items.length];
for (int i = 0; i < items.length; i++)

arr[i] = Integer.parseInt(items[i]);
Printing Arrays on the Console
 To print all array elements, a for-loop can be used
 Separate elements with white space or a new line
String[] arr = {"one", "two"};
// == new String [] {"one", "two"};
// Process all array elements
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
System.out.printf("arr[%d] = %s%n", i, arr[i]);
}
Problem: Reverse an Array of Integers
 Read an array of integers (n lines of integers), reverse it and
print its elements on a single line, space-separated:
3 4
10 -1
30 20 10 20 5 99 20 -1
20
30 99
5
Solution: Reverse an Array of Integers
// Read the array (n lines of integers)

int n = Integer.parseInt(sc.nextLine());
int[] arr = new int[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
arr[i] = Integer.parseInt(sc.nextLine());
// Print the elements from the last to the first
for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--)
System.out.print(arr[i] + " ");
System.out.println();
Printing Arrays with for / String.join(…)
 Use for-loop:
String[] arr = {"one", "two"};
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++)
System.out.println(arr[i]);
 Use String.join(separator, array): Works only

with strings
String[] strings = { "one", "two" };
System.out.println(String.join(" ", strings)); // one two
int[] arr = { 1, 2, 3 };
System.out.println(String.join(" ", arr)); // Compile error
Problem: Reverse Array of Strings
 Read an array of strings (space separated values), reverse it and
print its elements:
a b c d e e d c b a -1 hi ho w w ho hi -1
 Reversing array elements:

exchange
a b c d e
Solution: Reverse Array of Strings
String[] elements = sc.nextLine().split(" ");

for (int i = 0; i < elements.length / 2; i++)
{
String oldElement = elements[i];
elements[i] = elements[elements.length - 1 - i];
elements[elements.length - 1 - i] = oldElement;
}
System.out.println(String.join(" ", elements));
For-each Loop
Iterate through Collections
For-each Loop
 Iterates through all elements in a collection
 Cannot access the current index
 Read-only
for (var item : collection) {

// Process the value here
}
Print an Array with Foreach
int[] numbers = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
for (int num : numbers) {
System.out.println(num + " ");
}
12345
Problem: Even and Odd Subtraction
 Read an array of integers
 Sum all even and odd numbers
 Find the difference
 Examples:
1 2 3 4 5 6 3 2 4 6 8 10 30
3 5 7 9 11 -35 2 2 2 2 2 2 12
Solution: Even and Odd Subtraction
import java. util.Scanner;

class myArray
{
public static void main (String[] args)
{
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
String [] temp = sc.nextLine().split(" ");
int[] arr = new int[temp.length];
for (int i = 0; i < temp.length; i++)
arr[i] = Integer.parseInt(temp[i]);
Solution: Even and Odd Subtraction (Cont.)
int evenSum = 0, int oddSum = 0;
for (int num : arr)

{
if (num % 2 == 0)
evenSum += num;
else
oddSum += num;
}
System.out.print(evenSum-oddSum);
}
}
Summary
 Arrays hold a sequence of elements

 Elements are numbered
from 0 to length – 1
 Creating (allocating) an array
 Accessing array elements by index
 Printing array elements
143
Any Questions ?!

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Computer Graphics

Dr. Samah Adel

 Arrays have fixed size (array.length)

 Accessing array elements by index: The [] operator

System.out.println(days[day - 1]); The first day in our array

 Next, create an array of given size n and read its elements:

String values = sc.nextLine();

for (int i = 0; i < items.length; i++)

// Read the array (n lines of integers)

 Use String.join(separator, array): Works only

 Reversing array elements:

String[] elements = sc.nextLine().split(" ");

for (var item : collection) {

import java. util.Scanner;

for (int num : arr)

 Arrays hold a sequence of elements

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