GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 MODULE 1: Matter: Its Composition and Classification

Schedule:
Name:
Wednesday and Thursday, 8:00-10:00 am
Grade Level and Section: Time Frame: Quarter 2 (2nd sem): 1 Week
Subject Teacher: Ms. Elmie L. Rodriguez (09506945450)

 OBJECTIVE/S

By the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:

 Identify the particles that make an atom
 Describe an element
 Describe a compound
 Identify the different types of mixture

INTRODUCTORY ACTIVITY

Activity 1: Three-column Chart

Start the module by eliciting students’ prior knowledge using a spin-off Three-column Chart
(Rutherford, 2008). Ask the students to fill out “What I knew about matter” column.

What I knew about Matter What I now know about What I still don’t know
Matter about Matter

DISCUSSION

In Chemistry, you will be studying topics that are in tangible and you sometimes have to use your
imagination to really appreciate them. Through experiments, scientists were able to develop different
ways by which topics such as the structure and behavior of atoms can be understood.

ATOM
All matter is composed of atoms. An atom is the smallest particle of matter that retains its
chemical. Properties. It is about 10 nanometers in diameter and thus, can only be observed using
powerful electron microscopes. They occupy the period at the end of this sentence. an atom is made up of
nucleus and a subatomic participle called electron, within the nucleus are the other subatomic particles,
protons and neutrons.

NUCLEUS
The core of an atom is called the nucleus, the nucleus contains 2 kinds of particles, the proton and
the neutron, the proton is the positively charged, subatomic particle while the neutron is the uncharged
subatomic particle. All atoms are composed of the same kinds of particles. They only differ in their
number of protons. It is the number of protons in an atom of an element that determines the element’s
identity.

1 | Quarter 1-Module 2: Matter: Its Composition & Classification MOVERS ACADEMY, INC.
Atomic number refers to the number of protons in an atom. Atoms with the same atomic number show
the same chemical properties. Atomic mass is equal to the sum of the masses of the protons and neutrons
of an atom.

ELECTRONS
Electrons orbit around the nucleus. The electron is the negatively-charged subatomic particle. The
location of an electron is impossible to identify; only the likelihood of determining its location can be
known. The electrons that move around the nucleus have different energy level. Electrons found closer to
the nucleus possess a lower energy level while those located farther from the nucleus have higher energy
level.
Matter includes the things around us, such as air, water and trees. The sun, moon and stars are
matter too. Scientists are able to classify matter as a substance or a mixed based on its composition and
properties. A pure substance is a form of matter with properties that are distinct and definite. Mixtures,
on the other hand, are made up of two or more substances that can be separated by physical means.

PURE SUBSTANCE
A pure substance mat either be an element or a compound.
ELEMENT
An element is a substance that is composed of only one type of atom. It cannot be separated into
simpler substances by chemical means. Currently, there are 118 known elements that are arranged in the
periodic table based on their atomic numbers. Those elements are officially named by the International
Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).

Figure 1.1 Atomic Number and Atomic Mass of Helium

Each element is symbolized by one or two-letter abbreviation. Other elements are listed in table below.

ELEMENT SYMBOL DESCRIPTION

Hydrogen H Considered as the lightest element and the first element in
the periodic table
Carbon C One of the most abundant elements in the universe
Fluorine F Found in the toothpaste in the form of fluoride, which can
help prevent dental cavities
Copper Cu One of the first metals used by man
Aluminum Al One of the most abundant metals in the Earth’s crust and
can be recycled several times
Sodium Na Commonly used in food preservation in the form of
sodium chloride or table salt
Potassium K A very reactive metal that is never found free in nature
Mercury Hg A metal exists in the liquid state
Calcium Ca One of the essential elements needed by the body, helps
make bone stronger
Gold Au A metal used to make jewelry
Silver Ag Has the highest electrical conductivity among metals
Iron Fe An essential element in the body and a component of
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 hemoglobin, which carries oxygen from the lungs to the
tissues in the body

COMPOUNDS
A compound is formed when two or more elements are chemically bonded together. Chemical
compounds can be decomposed into these elements. A compound may be organic or inorganic.
Compounds show properties that are not found in the elements that make them up. For example, water is
formed by two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen. Molecules also consist of a fixed ratio of atoms
that are held together by chemical bonds.

CHEMICAL BONDS- describe the attraction between atoms, which result in the formation of compounds
Weak bonds- are indispensable bonds that temporarily adhere to biological molecules in the cell.
Covalent bond- involves a pair or pairs of electrons that are shared by two or more atoms

Figure 1.2 Example of a covalent bond between two hydrogen atoms

Ionic bonds are bond are formed when there is a complete transfer of electrons from one atom to
another.

Figure 1.3 Formation of an ionic bond

MIXTURES
A mixture is a combination of two or more substances, which are mixed together but are not chemically
combined. It can be a combination of two or more compounds, and its composition varies.

A mixture is either homogenous or heterogeneous. Homogenous mixtures have a single phase and a
uniform composition A solution is an example of homogenous mixture. Its components are difficult to
distinguish from one another.

Heterogeneous mixtures consist of two or more phases. Unlike homogenous mixtures, a heterogeneous
mixture does not have a uniform composition, and its components can be easily separated from one
another. Depending on the size of the particle, a heterogeneous mixture can be classified either as a
suspension or a colloid. A suspension is a mixture in which particles spread through a liquid or gas, but
settle out after some time. Colloids are called a colloidal suspension. Here, particles do not settle over
time just like in suspension. Particles in a colloid are intermediates between those in a solution and those
in a suspension.

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 Classification of Matter

Practice/ Activities

Answer the following briefly.

1.Give examples of homogenous mixtures and explain their relevance to everyday life.

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2.Give example of heterogonous mixtures and explain how they are important to industrial processes.

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4 | Quarter 1-Module 2: Matter: Its Composition & Classification MOVERS ACADEMY, INC.
 ACTIVITY SHEET 1.1
SCORE

Name:___________________________________________________________________________________ Date:_________________

Activity 1: Identify the following. Write your answer in the space provided.

_____________________________1. A substance composed of only one type of atom

_____________________________2. A substance formed when two or more elements are chemically bonded
together.
_____________________________3. A large class compounds that contain carbon in combination with another
atom
_____________________________4. A bond that involves a pair or pairs of electrons that are shared by two
or more atoms.
_____________________________5. Are formed when there is a complete transfer of electrons from one atom to
another.
_____________________________6. The smallest particle of matter that retains its chemical properties
_____________________________7. Subatomic particle with a positive charge.
_____________________________8. The uncharged subatomic particle
_____________________________9. The negatively- charged subatomic participle that moves around the nucleus
_____________________________10. The dense core of an atom.
Activity 2: Compare and contrast homogenous mixture to heterogeneous mixture using the diagram
below.

HOMOGENEOUS HETEROGENEOUS
MIXTURE MIXTURE

Self-Assessment

Assess your own understanding of the discussions and activities in this module accomplishing the 3-2-1
exit sheet. Write 3 things you learned about the topic, 2 things you found interesting and 1 question you
still have in mind.

3 Things I learned today…….

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5 | Quarter 1-Module 2: Matter: Its Composition & Classification MOVERS ACADEMY, INC.
 2 Things I found interesting…..
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1 Question I still have……
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Prepared by: Reviewed by: Noted:

Ms. Elmie L. Rodriguez Mrs. Angelie F. Panganiban May Rose C. Pico, Ed. D.
Subject Teacher Dep’t Head, JHS Department Principal, High School Department

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT SLIP

I hereby acknowledge that my child has accomplished all the exercises and activity sheet/s in this
module.

______________________________ _______________________________________________
Date Parent’s/Guardian’s Signature Over Printed Name

6 | Quarter 1-Module 2: Matter: Its Composition & Classification MOVERS ACADEMY, INC.