CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES 49

FACT / DEFINITION TYPE QUESTIONS 16. (d) Chloride formulas

(i) Eka-Aluminium = GaCl3(ECl3)
1. (c) Periodic classification of elements follow a logical (ii) Eka-Silicon = GeCl4(ECl4)
consequence of electronic configuration of atoms Mendeleef arranged elements in horizontal rows and
which is used to examine the physical and chemical vertical columns of a table in order to their increasing
properties of the elements. atomic weights.
2. (c) According to Dobereneir’s triad the atomic mass of Br 17. (b)
will be average of the atomic masses of Cl & I
18. (d) 118 elements are known at present. The recently
35.5 127 discovered elements are man-made.
81.25
2 19. (c) Moseley discovered that atomic number is more
3. (a) fundamental property than atomic mass.
4. (a) According to the law of triads the atomic wt of the 20. (d) 6th period consists of 32 elements.
middle element is arithmatic mean of I and III. 21. (b)
At.wt of Cl At wt of I 22. (b) The period number corresponds to the highest
At wt of Br principal quantum number (n) of the element.
2
5. (b) In 1800, only 31 elements were known by 1865 the 23. (a) Atomic number (Z) = 120
number of identified elements had more than doubled IUPAC name = Unbinilium
to 63. At present 116 elements are known. Of them the Symbol = Ubn
recently discovered elements are man-made. 24. (b) Element with atomic number 104 was named by
6. (c) Johann Dobereiner in early 1800’s was the first to American society as Rutherfordium and Kurchatovium
consider the idea of trends among properties of by soviet society.
elements. By 1829 he noted a similarity among the 25. (c) Digit Name
physical and chemical properties of several groups of 1 un
three elements (triads). 4 quad
7. (a) According to law of triad,
Using above notation IUPAC name of element 114 is
Li Na K Ununquadium.
¯ ¯ ¯ 26. (b) Its valence shell has 5 electrons (ns2, np3). It belongs
39 + 7 46 to 5th group of the periodic table.
= = 23
2 2 27. (b)
8. (c) Arithmetic mean of atomic mass of F and Br 28. (d) Because of the presence of same number of valence
electrons the elements of same group have similar
19 80 chemical properties.
= = 49.5.
2 29. (c) Halogens are most electronegative elements i.e., they
Atomic mass of Cl = 35.5 are likely to form anions most readily.
Arithmetic mean of atomic masses of F and Br 30. (d) Barium has atomic number 56. It is an alkaline earth
Atomic mass of Cl. metal i.e., found in s-block.
9. (c) 31. (c)
10. (c) Every eighth element had the similar properties to the 32. (c) Element with Z = 33
first element.
(1s2 2s p6 3s2 p6d10 4s 2 p3 ) lies in fifth (or 15th) group.
11. (b) Lothar Meyer plotted the physical properties such as
atomic volume, melting point and boiling point against 33. (a) The electronic configuration clearly suggest that
atomic weight and obtained a periodically repeated it is a d-block element (having configuration
pattern. (n – 1) d 1– 10 ns 0 – 2 ) which starts from III B and goes
12. (a) 13. (d) 14. (c) till II B. Hence with d3 configuration it would be
classified in the group.
15. (b) Correct order is Dobereiner, Chancourtois, Newlands,
Mendeleev. 34. (d) 35. (c)
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50 CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES
36. (c) Elements (a), (b) and (d) belong to the same group 62. (b) O < S < F < Cl
since each one of them has two electrons in the s sub Electron gain enthalpy –141, –200, –333, – 349 kJ mol–
shell. In contrast, element (c) has seven electrons in 1
the valence shell and hence does not lie in the same 63. (a)
group in which elements (a), (b) and (d) lie. 64. (d) Noble gases have positive values of electron gain
37. (c) enthalpy because the anion is higher in energy than
38. (b) Na and Cl both belongs to III period. the isolated atom and electron.
39. (b) 40. (b) 65. (a) Within a group, electron gain enthalpy becomes less
41. 2 2 6 2
(b) 1s , 2s 2p , 3s 3p 4 negative down a group. However, adding an electron
to the 2p-orbital leads to greater repulsion than adding
¯
an electron to the larger 3p-orbital. Hence,
Number of shell = 3 phosphorus has the least negative electron gain
(Principal quantum number)
enthalpy.
Number of period = 3
66. (a)
Valence electrons = 6 i.e., 2 + 4
67. (a) Electronegativity values of given elements are as
Number of group = 16
follows:
42. (a) Metallic ch aracter decreases down group and
Be – 1.5 (I) Mg – 1.2 (IV)
increases along a period.
O – 3.5 (II) N – 3.0 (III)
43. (b) Cu, Ag and Au are coinage metals. They belong to group
i.e. II > III > I > IV
IB (d-block) of periodic table.
68. (b) It is electronic configuration of alkali metal. Hence it
44. (b) 45. (b)
46. (b) Non-metals are mainly placed in p-block elements. will form basic oxide.
47. (b) Non-metallic character increases on moving from left 69. (d) 70. (c)
to right in a period. 71. (b) Silicon has valence of 4 and bromine has valence of 1.
48. (b) Correct order of ionic size is Sn > Ce > Yb > Lu. Hence formula of compound will be SiBr4.
49. (c) On moving down in a group atomic radii increases due 72. (b) On passing from left to right in a period acidic character
to successive addition of extra shell hence of the normal oxides of the elements increases with
O < S < Se increase in electronegativity.
Further As is in group 15 having one less electron in
its p orbital hence have higher atomic radii than group STATEMENT TYPE QUESTIONS
16 elements. 73. (c) Gallium was placed in place of Eka aluminium and
i.e., O < S < Se < As germanium was placed in place of Eka silicon.
50. (a) 74. (b) 75. (c)
51. (c) Isoelectronic ions have same number of electrons. 76. (d) In fourth period filling up of 3d orbital becomes
52. (a) Continuous increase as no. of shells increases down energetically favourable before the 4p orbital is filled.
the group. 77. (b) The chemical element with atomic number 17 is
53. (d) The size of an anion will be larger than that of the chlorine. It belongs to third period in the periodic table
parent atom because the addition of one or more
and forms anion with unit negative charge (Cl–).
electron(s) would result in increased repulsion among
78. (a) For statement (iii) the s-block elements because of
the electrons and a decrease in effective nuclear
their high reactivity are never found pure in nature.
charge.
For statement (iv) the compounds of the s-block
54. (b) K K 2 e . Since e– is to be removed from stable elements with the exception of lithium and beryllium
configuration. are predominantly ionic.
55. (c) 56. (c) 79. (c) 80. (d) 81. (d)
57. (a) IE1 is always less than IE2. 82. (c) Noble gases are placed extremely right in periodic table.
58. (a) Mg 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 Sodium is more metallic than magnesium as it is more
After removing of 2 electron, the magnesium acquired electropositive and has low ionisation energy.
noble gas configuration hence removing of 3rd 83. (b) Second ionization enthalpy will be higher than the
electron will require large amount of energy. first ionization enthalpy but lower than the third
59. (d) ns1 configuration and lesser IE. ionization enthalpy.
60. (b) As I.E. of Mg is more 84. (d)
61. (a) The halogen (group-17) and the chalcogens (group- 85. (b) Oxygen has smaller first ionization enthalpy than
16) are two groups of elements having highly negative nitrogen.
electron gain enthalpies. 86. (c)
CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES 51

MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS 105. (b) Both the statements are correct but assertion is not
correct explanation for reason.
87. (d) A. 1800 31 elements were known 106. (c) Atomic size generally decreases along a period.
B. 1865 63 elements 107. (b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not
C. At present 118 the correct explanation of assertion.
88. (b) 89. (d) 90. (b) 91. (a) 92. (b) It is difficult to remove an electron from a positively
93. (d) 94. (d) 95. (c) charged ion than a neutral atom.
96. (d) Helium (He) 1s2 Highest ionisation 108. (b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not
energy due to noble gas
the correct explanation of assertion.
in nature.
Alkali metals belong to first group and have largest
Fluorine (F) 1s2, 2s22p3 High electronegativity in
size in a period and hence low I.E.
nature due to small size
and –1 oxidation state. 109. (b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not
Rubidium (Rb) Most electronegative the correct explanation of assertion.
element due to large Depending on the element, the process of adding an
atomic size. electron to the atom can be either endothermic or
Lithium (Li) Strongest reducing exothermic.
agent due to small size 110. (c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
and positive oxidation Electronegativity refers to the tendency of atom to
state (+1) attract bonding electrons.
97. (b) A. Li+ < Al2+ < Mg2+ < K+
The cation with the greater positive charge will CRITICAL THINKING TYPE QUESTIONS
have a smaller radius because of the greater
attraction of the electrons to the nucleus. Anion 111. (b)
with the greater negative charge will have the larger 112. (a) Iodine with lower atomic weight than that of tellurium
radius. (Group VI) was placed in Group VII along with fluorine,
chlorine, bromine because of similarities in properties.
1
Positive charge 113. (d) Oxides of Eka-Aluminium = Ga2O3
ionic radius Oxides of Eka-Silicon = SiO2
Negative charge ionic radius Melting point of Eka-Aluminium = Low (302 K)
B. Greater positive charge, increases effective nuclear Melting point of Eka-Silicon = High (1231 K)
charge in case of isoelectronic species. While for
114. (d) Neptunium and plutonium like actinium and
same group elements effective nuclear charge
protoactinium are also found in pitch.
decreases down the groups.
C. Cl > F > Br > I 115. (a) Seventh period includes most of the man-made radio-
electron affinity of Cl is highest in halogen family. active elements.
D. F > Cl > Br > I 116. (a) Atomic number of the given element is 15 and it
electronegativity of fluorine (F) is higher than Cl, belongs to 5th group. Therefore atomic number of the
Br and I. element below the above element
98. (b) 99. (b) = 15 + 18 = 33.
117. (b) These are characteristic properties of d-block
ASSERTION-REASON TYPE QUESTIONS elements.
118. (b) 119. (c) 120. (d) 121. (b) 122. (c)
100. (d) In a triad, the atomic mass of the middle element is the
mean of the atomic masses of the first and third 123. (a) By observing principal quantum number (n). Orbital
elements. (s, p, d, f ) and equating no. of e–’s we are able to find
101. (d) According to Mendeleev, periodic properties of the period, block and group of element in periodic table.
elements is a function of their atomic masses. 124. (b) Periodic table deals with elements and not molecules.
102. (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the 125. (c) Cs is a metal. It is liquid at room temperature. It is
correct explanation of assertion. lighter than Hg (also a liquid metal).
103. (c) Number of elements in each period is twice the number 126. (d) All the given species contains 10 e – each i.e.
of atomic orbitals available in the energy level that is isoelectronic.
being filled. For isoelectronic species anion having high negative
104. (c) He (1s2) should be placed along with s-block elements charge is largest in size and the cation having high
because of its electronic configuration but it has a positive charge is smallest.
completely filled valence shell and as a result it exhibits 127. (b) The ionic radii of isoelectronic ions decrease with the
properties of noble gases, thus it is placed along with increase in the magnitude of the nuclear charge.
noble gases (ns2, np6). So, decreasing order of ionic radii is C4– > N3– > O2–.
 EBD_7207
52 CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES
128. (b) Anions will be larger and cations will be smaller than 140. (b) On moving along the period, ionization enthalpy
the parent atoms. Among isoelectronic species (Na+, increases.
Mg2+ and Al3+), the one with the larger positive In second period, the order of ionization enthalpy
nuclear charge will have a smaller radius. should be as follows :
Largest = Cl– and smallest = Al3+ F > O > N.
129. (b) In case of halogens covalent radius is considered this But N has half-filled structure, therefore, it is more
bond is formed by overlapping of electron clouds; stable than O. That is why its ionization enthalpy is
while noble gases remain monoatomic, in this case higher than O. Thus, the correct order of IE is
only way to obtain radius is through van der Waal
F > N > O.
radii.
141. (c) In a period the value of ionisation potential increases
130. (c) Covalent radius is radius of an atom in its bound state
from left to right with breaks where the atoms have
i.e., in fluorine it is half of distance between two
some what stable configuration. In this case N has
covalently bonded fluorine atoms; van der Waal radii
half filled stable orbitals. Hence has highest ionisation
is one-half of the distance between the nuclei of two
energy. Thus the correct order is
identical non-bonded isolated atoms. These atoms are
attracted toward each other through weak van der B< C< O < N
Waal’s force hence van der Waal radii are very large. and not as given in option (c)
131. (c) All the given species are isoelectronic. In case of 142. (d) With the exception of lithium and beryllium compounds
isoelectronic species ionic radii increases with of s-block elements are predominantly ionic.
increase in negative charge on anions. 143. (d) As the size increases the basic nature of oxides
132. (c) I represents Li, II represents K changes to acidic nature i.e., acidic nature increases.
III represents Br, IV represents I
SO 2 P 2O 3 SiO 2 Al 2 O 3
V represents He
Acidic Weak Amphoteric
So, amongst these, II represents most reactive metal acidic
and V represents least reactive non-metal.
133. (b) 134. (b) 135. (c) SO2 and P2O3 are acidic as their corresponding acids
136. (b) In the isoelectronic species, all isoelectronic anions H2SO3 and H3PO3 are strong acids.
belong to the same period and cations to the next 144. (c)
period. 145. (c) The anomalous behaviour of first member of a group
137. (c) Electron affinity of 9F is less than that of 17Cl of element in the s- and p-block element is due to their
138. (b) Fully filled electronic configuration. small size, large charge/radius ratio and high
139. (c) The increase in the electronegativities across a period electronegativity.
is accompanied by an increase in non-metallic 146. (a) Because Al is amphotoric in nature so it dissolve in
properties (or decrease in metallic properties) of both acid and base.
elements.