WORKSHEET

1. Classify the following sentences as belonging to the area of descriptive statistics or inferential
statistics.
a) As a result of recent cutbacks by oil-producing nations, we can expect the price of gasoline
to double in the next year.
b) At least 5% of all killings reported last year in city X were due to tourists.
c) Of all patients who received this particular type of drug at a clinic Y, 75% later developed
significant side effect.
d) Adane concludes that his chance of passing the first year this academic year is at least 80%
based on the statistics that 75% of the freshmen passed last year.
2. Classify each of the following first as qualitative or quantitative and second as nominal (categorical)
ordinal interval or ratio measure.
a) Times for swimmers to complete a 50-meter race
b) Months of the year Meskerm, Tikimit…
c) Socioeconomic status of a family when classified as low, middle and upper classes.
d) Blood type of individuals, A, B, AB and O.
e) Pollen counts provided as numbers between 1 and 10 where 1 implies there is almost no
pollen and 10 that it is rampant, but for which the values do not represent an actual counts
of grains of pollen.
f) Regions numbers of Ethiopia (1, 2, 3 etc.)
g) The number of students in a college;
h) the net wages of a group of workers;
i) the height of the men in the same town;
3. For each of the hypothetical research situations described identify the scale of measurement and
indicate whether the data are discrete or continuous.
a) Number of complaint letters received by a firm’s administrator
c) Number of tomato’s on each plant in a field
d) Number of students taking ESLCE each year
e) Miles driven by city -bus drivers each day
f) Number of cartons of corn oil manufactured each day
g) Weights of newborn children at Black Lion hospital
h) Geologists have a “hardness scale” for identifying different rocks, called Mohs’scale. The
hardest rock (diamond) has a value of 10 and will scratch all others. The second hardest
will scratch all but diamond, and so on, down to a rock such as talc, with a value of one,
which can be scratched by any other rock
i) The volumes of three different cubes are 40, 64, and65 cubic inches.
j) Three different high ways are identified by their umbers:40,64,and 65
k) Republicans, Democrats, Independents, and others are identified on the voters’ list with
numbers 1, 2, 3, &4
l) The pages of a book are numbered from 1 through 150
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 m) The winner of the Miss America was Miss California; runners-up were Miss Ohio and
Miss Pennsylvania
n) The prices on three items were $3.00, $10.00, and$12.00.
o) She earned three degrees: B.SC., M.SC., and PhD.
4. Find the class boundaries class marks and class widths for the following intervals.
a) 6-13 b) (-8)-(-1) c) 0.378 – 0.677 d) 68.99 – 88.97
5. Which of the diagrams is most appropriate for each of the following data set? Draw the diagrams.
a) Students enrolled to a certain department from year 1 to 3
No. of students
Year Male Female
1 50 20
2 45 15
3 40 10
b) Net profit (in million birr) earned by different companies in 1980
Company Net profit
A 20
B -15
C 30
6. Construct a frequency distribution of weights of miniature poodles if the class marks are 6.5, 8.5,
10.5, 12.5 and 14.5 kgs with corresponding frequencies 8, 12, 22, 17 and 3.
7. The investigator was interested in studying the martial status, which is often grouped as Single(S),
Married (M), Divorced (D), and Widowed (W) of people in a certain town. The following data were
obtained.
D S D D SW S D S S D D W M M S D D D W M S S W M D D M D WD S SW D D S D S M W M D
SDWDMSSDWWSSSWSDMWSS
a. to which scale of measurement do these data belongs?
b. Summarize the data by constructing the appropriate frequency distribution
c. Present the data using the appropriate Graph/Diagrams.
8. Suppose data collected for heights (in cms) 0f 390 cows were tabulated in a frequency distribution
and the following results were obtained.

i. fi: 6 25 48 72 116 60 38 22 3

CM1:=112, CM2= 117 where CMi ith class mark

Determine:
a. the class interval size c. class boundaries
b. the class limits d. class marks
e. the less than cumulative frequency distribution
f. the class intervals having the highest frequency
Draw

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 a) Histogram b) a frequency polygon c) a less than ogive
9. Following is a cumulative distribution table showing the number of packages and the number of
times a given number of packages was received by a post office in 60 days:
No. of packages below: 10 20 30 40 50 60
No. of times received in 60 days: 17 22 29 37 50 69
Obtain the frequency table from it. Also, present the data using Ogive curve.
10. The following is the distribution of weights of 125 mineral specimen collected on
the field trip.
Weight (Grams) No.of
Specimen
0.0-19.9 19
20.0-39.9 36
40.0-59.9 35
60.0-79.9 17
80.0-99.9 11
100-119.9 3
120-139.9 2
i) If possible, find the number of specimen, which weigh
a) at most 40.0 gram b) 40.0 gram or more c) Less than 40.0 gram
d) at least 120.0 gram e) Exactly 20.0 gram
ii) Draw an appropriate Diagram / Graph for the distribution.
11. Given below is raw data on ages of 40 employees of a certain organization. Construct a frequency
distribution including the class boundaries, class marks the relative frequencies, the less than and
more than cumulative frequencies using 8 classes.
62 58 53 27 30 31 26 34 49 47 48
41 50 61 40 47 41 43 50 45 43 32
37 31 35 38 29 65 58 43 44 41 37
27 62 65 36 42 63 50
12. The frequency distribution below shows the number of freshmen, sophomore, juniors, and seniors

who attended a workshop on job opportunities in the news media. Construct a Pie Chart fo r the
data.
Group Frequency

Freshmen 18

Sophomore 12

Juniors 6

Seniors 4

13. What are the objectives of studying averages?

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 14. What do measures of central tendency represent? When is an average a typical average?
15. If you have an open-end continuous series, which measures of central tendency do you recommend
representing this series? Why?
16. a) Determine the missing frequencies of the following distribution given that the median is 33.5 and
the mode is 34.0.
Class limits II
0-9 4
10-19 16
20-29 f3
30-39 f4
40-49 f5
50-59 6
60-69 4
Total 230
Compute
a) The arithmetic mean. c) The range and relative range
b) The standard deviation d) The coefficient of variation
17. The following data on income in the form of cumulative frequency distribution is
given:
INCOME NO.OF
PERSONS
100___200 15
100___300 33
100___400 63
100___500 83
100___600 100
(a) Construct a complete Grouped Frequency table
(b) Draw the appropriate graph
Find (c) The mean (e) The mode
(d) The median (f) The standard deviation
18. A meteorologist interested in the consistency of temperatures in three cities during a given week
collected the following data. The temperatures for the five days of the week in the three cities were
City 1: 25 24 23 26 17
City2: 22 21 24 22 20
City3: 32 27 35 24 28
Which city have the most consistent temperature, based on these data?
19. a) Explain the meaning of dispersion
b) What purpose does a measure of dispersion serve?
c) Why are measures of central tendency not sufficient to study a frequency distribution?

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20. The number of patients in two hospitals A and B, the average wage of employees and the variances
of wages are given below:
Hospital A Hospital B
No. of employees 50 100
Mean wage 120 85
Variance 9 6
In which hospital is the variation in the distribution of wages greater?
21. In a final exam in a Statistics course, the mean mark of a group of 150 students was 78 and the
standard deviation is 8. In Mathematics exam of the same group, the mean was 73 and the standard
deviation was 7.6.
a) In which group was there a greater dispersion?
b) Suppose a student scored 75 in Statistics and 71 in Mathematics. In which exam was his
relative standing better?
c) Suppose Student “ A ” scored 80 in Statistics and 75 in Mathematics while student “ B”
scored 75 in Statistics and 80 in mathematics , whose performance is better A or B ?
22. A newly married couple is planning to have three children. List the elements of the sample space
a) using M for male and F for female
b) if the sample points in the sample space represents the number of females
23. Four married couples have bought 8 seats in a row for a show. In how many different ways can they
be seated
a) If each couple is to sit together?
b) If all the women sit together?
c) If all the women sit together to the right of all the men?
24. If a multiple choice test consists of 4 questions each with 4 possible answers of which one is correct
a) In how many different ways can a student check off one answer to each question?
b) In how many different ways can a student check off one answer for each question and get
all the questions wrong?
25. Four men and three women are to be seated at a lunch counter that has only five stools.
a) In how many ways can the customers be arranged at the counter?
b) In how many ways can they be arranged at the counter if all the women are to be seated?
c) In how many ways can they be arranged at the counter if all the women are to be seated
and if men occupy the first and last stool?
d) If customers take seats at random, what is the probability that all of the men are seated
and that a woman occupies the middle stool?
26. In how many ways can a committee of three be chosen from 4 married couples if
a) All are equally eligible?
b) One particular man must be on the committee?
27. If the permutation of the word WHITE is selected at random, find the probability that the
permutation
a) Begins with a consonant
b) Ends with a vowel
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 c) Has a consonant and vowels alternating
28. If 3 books are picked at random from a shelf containing 5 novels, 3 books of poems, and a
dictionary, what is the probability that
a) the dictionary is selected?
b) 2 novels and 1 book of poems are selected?
29. One bag contains 4 white balls and 3 black balls, and the second bag contains 3 white balls and 5
black balls. One ball is drawn at random from the second bag and placed unseen in the first bag.
What is the probability that a ball now drawn from the first bag is white?
30. In a large graduating class of 100 students 54 studied mathematics, 69 studied library science, and 35
studied both mathematics and library science. If one of these student is selected at random, find the
probability that
a) The student takes mathematics or library science
b) The student does not take either of these subjects
c) The student takes library science but not mathematics
31. A lot consists of 20 defective and 80 non-defective items from which two items are chosen without
replacement. Events A & B are defined as A = the first item chosen is defective, B = the second
item chosen is defective
a) What is the probability that both items are defective?
b) What is the probability that the second item is defective?
32. Let A and B be two events associated with an experiment and suppose that P(A)=0.4 while
P(AUB)=0.7. Let P(B)=P
a) For what choice of P are A and B mutually exclusive?
b) For what choice of P are A and B independent?
33. The personnel department of a company has records which show the following
analysis of its 200 accountants.
Age Bachelor’s degree only Master’s degree
Under 30 90 10
30 to 40 20 30
Over 40 40 10
If one accountant is selected at random from the company, find
i) The probability he has only a bachelor’s degree
ii) The probability he has a master’s degree, given that he is over 40
iii) The probability he is under 30, given that he has a bachelor’s degree