S T U DY U N I T 5

Data presentation, charts and pivot tables

5.1 Introduction
The previous study unit focused on the formulas and functions that we normally use within Excel
spreadsheets at the 2nd-year level. We looked at how to enter formulas into a spreadsheet as
well as copy the formulas to a number of cells, whether it be across columns or down the rows.
We further looked at the various functions that assisted us in evaluating a spreadsheet to solve
different business and accounting problems.

In addition to understanding the various formulas and functions, is being able to work the
data. This includes sorting data and manipulating it to be able to present it graphically in the
form of charts. Selecting the appropriate chart is essential in order to communicate the
necessary picture or portray the relevant message. In addition to working with charts is the
ability to create pivot tables with the data as part of presenting and analysing data. These
aspects will be discussed in this study unit.

The learning outcomes of this study unit are as follows:

• Arrange data in a format that is ready for data presentation.

• Generate graphs from a given data set.
• Create pivot tables from a given dataset.
• Illustrate the use of sliders in the context of a pivot table.

The following icons are included in this study unit:

ICON DESCRIPTION

This icon indicates reading material you must study.

This icon indicates the documents used in the process.

This icon indicates that you need to self-reflect.

Open Rubric
 This icon indicates that you need to do some critical thinking.

This icon illustrates an activity you must complete.

This icon indicates that you need to click on the link to view a brief
video file.

This icon indicates that you need to refer to AIN1501.

5.2 WORKING WITH DATA

5.2.1 Sorting data

Sorting data is a great tool to present your information neatly and logically or to
analyse data. You can use it to sort a list of names in alphabetical order, arrange
amounts from highest to lowest or from biggest to smallest or arrange dates from
earliest to latest. You can either sort the data in ascending order (going up/lowest to
the highest) or descending order (going down/highest to lowest). You can also sort
the data based on sorting criteria for more than one column.

Make sure you select the whole range you want to sort and not only the column on
which you want to base the sort. The data in the other columns will not follow the
sort if you only select the column on which you want to base the sort.

Computer activity 5.1

• Use the completed spreadsheet in activity 4.21.

• We first want to sort the adult and child indicator per column B so that all the
children are reflected first. At the same time, we also want to sort the ages for
each group (column C) from youngest to oldest.
• Select range A8:F18.
• Click on the Data tab on the Ribbon.
• In the Sort & Filter ribbon group, click on the Sort icon.
• This will open the following Sort dialog box:

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 • Ensure that the My data has headers box has been ticked (otherwise the
headers will be sorted inside the data).
• Click on the arrow in the Sort by dialog box and select Adult/child from the
drop-down menu.
• Click on the arrow in the Sort on dialog box and select Values from the
drop-down menu.
• Click on the arrow in the Order dialog box and select Z to A from the drop-
down menu.

Should you wish to further sort your data based on further criteria:
• Click on Add Level to add another sort criteria (you can add as many as
you need).
• Click on the arrow in the Then by dialog box and select Age from the drop-
down menu.
• Click on the arrow in the Sort on dialog box (in the Then by row) and select
Values from the drop-down menu.
• Click on the arrow in the Order dialog box (in the Then by row) and select
Smallest to Largest from the drop-down menu.
• Click OK to apply the selected sorting criteria to your data

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 • Your complete selection will appear as follows:

 The result of the sort will appear as follows:

5.2.2 Filter data

Filtering data allows you to display only the rows that meet your specified criteria
and to hide the rows you do not want displayed. You can also filter by more than
one column, but remember that filters are additive, which means each additional filter
is based on the current filter, and further reduces the subset of data. The filter will
only apply to the selected data range. You can copy, find, edit, format, chart and
print the subset of filtered data without rearranging or moving it. You can only filter
by a list values, a format or criteria. However, each of these filters is mutually
exclusive. You can, for example, filter by font colour or by a list of numbers, but not
both.

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Computer activity 5.2

• Use the completed spreadsheet of activity 4.21.

• Select range A8:F18.
• Click on the Data tab.
• In the Sort & Filter group, click on the Filter icon.
• This will create drop-down arrows next to each column heading.

Drop-down
arrow

• Click on the drop-down arrow next

to“Invite to after party”.
• In the drop-down menu only select
“Don’t invite”.
• Click on OK.

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•Only the rows with “Don’t invite” in that column are displayed and they will appear as
follows:

• Did you notice the following:

– The filter icon is displayed on the drop-down arrow next

to “Invite to after party”. This indicates that a filter is
applied on that column.
– The row reference displayed seems to be missing rows,
that is, only rows 1 to 8, 11 to 13 and 15 to 18 are
displayed. The applied filter did not delete rows 9, 10 and
14 but only hid them from view.

• We now only want to display all the persons who were not
invited but who are younger than 10. To do this we will
apply an additional filter.
• Click on the drop-down arrow next to “Age” and select
Number Filters.
• In the drop-down menu select Less Than … .
• This will open the Custom AutoFilter dialog box.
• Click on the box to the right of is less than and either type
10 or select 10 from the drop-down menu.
• Click OK to action the filter.

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Only the rows with “Don’t invite” in column E and where the person’s age (column C) is
less than 10 are displayed and the rest of the rows are hidden. The spreadsheet will
appear as follows:

• Did you notice the following?

– The filter icon is displayed on the drop-down arrow next to

“Invite to after party” and “Age”. The filter icon indicates
that a filter has been applied on that column.
– The row reference displayed seems to be missing rows
– that is, rows
1–8, 13, 15, 16, but not the other rows, are displayed. The
applied filters did not delete the other rows but only hid
them.

• To remove a filter from a particular column, click on the

applicable column’s drop-down arrow and tick next to (Select
All). You can also change the filter by clicking on the
applicable column’s drop-down arrow and selecting the new
filter you want to apply.

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 • To remove all filters in total from the data range, follow the
following steps:

– Select the data range that was filtered.

– Click on the Data tab.
– In the Sort & Filter group, click on the Filter icon to
deselect the filter option.

5.3 WORKING WITH CHARTS

Charts are visual/graphical representations of data and are useful in helping to
understand and interpret the data presented. Charts sometimes make it is
easier to identify trends in data.

Bear in mind that the people looking at a chart do not have the underlying data
in front of them, so it is vital to ensure that the following are always included
in a chart:

• A chart title. The title of your chart needs to be descriptive and indicate
what your chart is all about.
• Primary Horizontal axis title. This is a short description of the categories
on the horizontal axis.
• Primary Vertical axis title. This is a short description of the values on
the vertical axis.
• Legend. This indicates what colour represents which particular
data series.

5.3.1 Creating a graph and a chart

To create a chart, follow the steps
below.

Computer activity 5.3 – Creating a Graph

• Create the following data in a new Workbook file on Sheet1:

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 – “Total sales R (Actual)” is calculated as the applicable
number of “Items sold (Actual)” * R150.
– “Total sales R (Budget)” is calculated as the applicable
number of “Items sold (Budget)” * R100.

• Save the Workbook file as “GRAPH”.

A B C D E

1 SA Textbooks Pty Ltd

3 Items sold Items sold Total sales Total sales

(Actual) (Budget) R (Actual) R (Budget)
4 Jan 1567 1500 235,050 150,000
5 Feb 975 1000 146,250 100,000
6 Mar 445 560 66,750 56,000
7 Apr 1249 1300 187,350 130,000
8 May 368 300 55,200 30,000
9 Jun 1345 1100 201,750 110,000

Excel is very particular when a data range is selected. The range

SHOULD be selected correctly the first time. For example, in this
activity, do not move your mouse pointer over column D and then
back to column C.

• Select range A3:E10.

• While the abovementioned range is selected:

o Click on the Insert tab.

o In the Charts ribbon group, click on the dialog box launcher (the
arrow at the bottom left corner) to launch the “Insert Chart”
window.
o In the “All Charts” tab, select the third option “Column” – Here
you have a number of options to choose from. (Hovering with your
mouse pointer over the different chart icons will make the
description of the icon appear).
o Within the “Column” options, select the first option “Clustered
Column”; again you have a number or options available to you
(see the top of the “Insert Chart” screen).
o The “Insert Chart” window gives you a preview of what your final
chart will look like.
o Select the first potion under Clustered Column and then click on
OK to apply the selected options. (If you click on Cancel the
creating of the chart will be cancelled.)

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 •
• You will notice that the graph inserted into your worksheet is a basic chart with
only a chart title and legend, without any axis titles. You are going to update the
graph to be more user-friendly.

• Click anywhere on the graph. You will notice that a new tab is now
available on the ribbon: Chart Tools. The Chart Tools will add two more
tabs to the ribbon: “Design” and “Format”.
• Under the Design mode, a number of functions can be performed to
refine your chart according to your preferences.

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• On the “Charts Layouts” ribbon group, click on the drop-down arrow on the
“Add Chart Element” icon.
• An element box will open, with options such as Axis, Axis Titles, Chart Title,
etc.
• Click on Chart Title and select the “Above Chart” option.
• This will open a text box in the chart area above the chart with the text “Chart
Title”.
• Click in the text box and delete “Chart Title”. Type in “Textbooks sold per
month”.
• In the textbox, highlight “Textbooks sold per month”.

o Click on the Home tab and change the font of the chart title to
Arial, font size 16, Bold and Italic.
• You can change your primary horizontal and vertical axis titles by clicking on
“Add Chart Element”/”Axes” or you can double-click anywhere on the axis;
the “Format Axis”-window will open on the right-hand side.
• On the “Charts Layouts” ribbon group, click on the drop-down arrow on the
“Add Chart Element” icon.
• Select “Axis Titles” and then “Primary Horizontal”.
• This will open a text box in the chart area, below the chart, with the text “Axis
title”.
• Click in the box and delete and delete “Axis title”. Type in “Months”.
• On the “Charts Layouts” ribbon group, click on the drop-down arrow on the
“Add Chart Element” icon.
• Select “Axis Titles” and then “Primary Vertical”.
• This will open a text box in the chart area, on the left-hand side of the chart,
with the text “Axis title”.
• Click in the box and delete and delete “Axis title”. Type in “Number”.
• Should you wish to move your chart/graph to a different location, you can do
so: Click on “Move Chart” icon on the “Location” ribbon group on the
“Design” tab on the “Chart tools” tab, then select the new location as “New
Sheet” and change the name from “Chart1” to “Number”.
• Click on “OK”.

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 Did you notice that the graph was moved to a new worksheet called “Number”?

• Save the workbook file as “GRAPH”.

• The graph you created should appear as follows:

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 C o m p ut e r a c t i v i t y 5 . 4 – C r e at i n g a ch a r t

• Use the worksheet created in activity 5.3 (i.e., the file called “GRAPH”).
• Select ranges A3:A9 and D3:E9 simultaneously by using the control key.

o This is done by selecting range A3:A9.

o While the above-mentioned range is selected, press the “CTRL”
(control) key on the keyboard.
o While the “CTRL” (control) key is pressed down, use the mouse to
select range D3:E9.

• While the above-mentioned range is selected, click on the Insert tab

on the Ribbon.

o In the Charts ribbon group, click on the dialog box launcher (the
arrow in the bottom right corner) to open the “Insert Chart”
window.
o In the “All Charts” tab, select the fourth option “Line” – Here you
have a number of options to choose from. ((Hovering with your
mouse pointer over the different chart icons will make the
description of the icon appear).
o Within the “Line” options, select the first option “Line”, again you
have a number or options available to you (see the top of the
“Insert Chart” screen).
o The “Insert Chart” window gives you a preview of what your final
chart will look like.
o Select the first potion under Line and then click on OK to apply the
selected options. (If you click on Cancel the creating of the chart
will be cancelled.)
• You will notice that the graph inserted into your worksheet is a basic
chart with only a chart title and legend, without any axis titles. You are
going to update the graph to be more user-friendly.
• On the “Charts Layouts” ribbon group, click on the drop-down arrow
on the “Add Chart Element” icon.
• An element box will open, with options such as Axis, Axis Titles,
Chart Title, etc.
• Click on Chart Title, select the “Above Chart” option.
• This will open a text box in the chart area above the chart with the
text “Chart Title”.
• Click in the text box and delete “Chart Title”. Type in “Total sales
per month”.
• On the “Charts Layouts” ribbon group, click on the drop-down arrow
on the “Add Chart Element” icon.
• Select “Axis Titles” and then “Primary Horizontal”
• This will open a text box in the chart area, below the chart, with the
text “Axis title”.
• Click in the box and delete and delete “Axis title”. Type in “Month”.
• On the “Charts Layouts” ribbon group, click on the drop-down arrow
on the “Add Chart Element” icon.
• Select “Axis Titles” and then “Primary Vertical”.

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 • This will open a text box in the chart area, on the left-hand side of the
chart, with the text “Axis title”.
• Click in the box and delete and delete “Axis title”. Type in “Rand”.
• On the “Charts Layouts” ribbon group, click on the drop-down arrow
on the “Add Chart Element” icon.
• Select “Legend” and then “Right”.
• Click on the “Move Chart” icon on the “Location” ribbon on the
“Design” tab on the “Chart tools” tab, then select the new location as
“Object in” and select “Sheet2” from the drop-down menu (click
on the arrow to activate the menu).
• Click on “OK”.

Did you notice that the graph was moved to Sheet 2?

• Save the workbook file “GRAPH”.

• The graph you created should appear as follows:

5.3.2 Updating data in a chart

(a) Updating source data

You can update the range of data the chart is reading after it was
created. For example, you would use this to add an additional month’s
information as it becomes available.

Computer activity 5.5

• Click on the graph created in activity 5.3.

• Click on the Design tab on the Ribbon.
• In the Data ribbon group, click on the Select data icon.
• This will open the Select Data Source Data dialog box.

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• Note that your current data selection (range A3:C7) has dotted
lines around it.
• Also note the current Chart data range:
=‘Sheet1’!$A$3:$C$7.
• Update the data range to include May and June’s data by

o clicking on the table with the data and re-selecting the

data range (i.e., A3:C9) to include the data range of the
two months (note that your new data selection has dotted
lines around it)

OR

o changing the information in the Chart data

range: box from
=Sheet1!$A$3:$C$7 to
=Sheet1!$A$3:$C$9

• Click on OK to apply the updated range.

• The updated graph will appear as follows:

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 (b) Changing the chart type

Microsoft Office Excel provides many different types of charts, including

3D charts. You can change the type of chart after you have selected your
initial chart or the desired chart depicting the information you would like
present.

Computer activity 5.6

• Click on the chart created in activity 5.3 or activity 5.5.

• Click on the Design tab on the Chart Tools tab.
• In the Type group, click on the Change Chart Type icon.
• This will open the Change Chart Type dialog box.
• Experiment by choosing different types of charts.
• Click on OK to action the change.

(c) Changing the chart layout

and format

You can customise your chart to give it your own individual look. You can,
for example, apply specific shape styles and format the shapes and text
of chart elements.

Computer activity 5.7

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 • Click on the chart created in activity 5.4, activity 5.5 or
activity 5.6.
• Click on the “Design” tab on the “Chart Tools” tab.
• Click on the “Quick Layouts” icon on the “Chart Layouts”
group.
• Experiment by selecting different formats from the “Quick
Layouts” tab.
• Click on OK to action the changes.

• Click on the “Format” tab on the Ribbon.

• Experiment by selecting different formats from the groups on
the Ribbon.
• Click on OK to action the changes.

5.4 WORKING WITH PIVOT TABLES

A pivot table is a special Excel tool that allows you to summarise and
explore data interactively. It allows you to extract and summarise significant
information from a large population of data. It is one of the most used Excel
tools in practice.

It improves efficiency as large amount of data can be summarised and

analysed at a fraction of the time. In other words, you can create reports
really quickly to obtain the necessary insights within a short period of time.

5.4.1 Some aspects to consider when creating pivot tables

It is important to implement some basic data sorting principles before creating a
pivot table from a given data set:
• The dataset must be in a table format as this will form the basis of the pivot
table.
• All columns within the pivot table must have a heading. Columns must have
headers.
• There must be no empty columns or rows within the dataset that will be
included for the creation of the pivot table.
• There must be no “Total” values in your selected dataset, as the pivot table

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 will create the necessary totals (and sub-totals) within the table.

Com pute r a c ti v i ty 5 .8 – Mi l le ni um Cl othing (P ty ) Ltd

“ MC”

MC is a clothing company that both manufactures and sells a wide variety of

clothing items to the South African market. Under the new Employment
Equity legislation, MC was identified as a critical organisation within a critical
industry (Textile) and it is thus required to increase women participation
within their senior and executive management ranks to at least 45% and
also ensure that its workforce is at least 80% permanent workers. The
identification of the textile industry as a critical sector was at the back of its
pivotal importance to the improvement of the country’s economic growth and
the youth employment prospects.

As a critical organisation, MC is eligible to receive a R2.5m grant from the

government on a monthly basis, provided that the 45% women participation
and the 80% permanent workers requirements are met and maintained. Mr
Andrew Potgieter (the CEO) is unsure about the organisation’s current
employment equity levels and is therefore unable to motivate for the R2.5m
grant. Mr Potgieter has thus asked you to help analyse the organisation’s
headcount and then provide a report on its employment equity levels.

After having a number of discussions with the CEO and subsequently

performing a work-through exercise, you are of the opinion that the Microsoft
Office Excel’s pivot tables will offer an added-value solution to Mr Potgieter’s
request.

Your walk-through exercise provided the following three key pieces of

information:

• In total, MC currently employs 20 permanent employees in various

divisions and 50 contract workers in the factory (operations).
• MC has following 5 departmental divisions:
o Marketing
o Finance
o Operations
o Sales
o Human Resource (HR)
o Executive
• MC’s job grading is as follows:
o EX = Executive Management
o JM = Junior Management
o MM = Middle Management
o SM = Senior Management
o GA = Grade A
o GB = Grade B

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 Open a new excel worksheet, name it “MC Pivot” and enter the below data.

 PLEASE NOTE: For a pivot table to work, all the columns from which pivot
table will be created from need to have headings, see range A2:G2.
• Creating a pivot table on “Gender” and “Grade”

1. In the MC Pivot worksheet, place your cursor on cell K2,

OR any other cell you prefer to put the pivot, as long as is
not in the data range A1:G24.
2. Click on “Insert” tab on the ribbon.
3. On the Tables ribbon group, click on “Pivot Table” icon
4. The “Create PivotTable” window will then appear.
5. Click on the “Table/Range”: window and with your mouse,
select the data range as A2:G24.
6. Click on “Existing Worksheet” – this option gives you an
opportunity to specify the desired location for the pivot
table.
7. “Location” window is based on the cell selected above in
step (1) above; should you wish to change the location of
the pivot, it can be done here.
8. Click on OK to apply all the selected settings.

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 9. Click on OK to apply all the selected settings.
10. The “PivotTable Fields” window will appear as follows:

11. The “PivotTable Fields” window is used to create the structure

of the pivot table; for this example the pivot structure is created
as follows:
o Click and drag the “Gender” icon in “Choose fields to add
to report” and drop it on the “Columns” window.
o Click and drag the “Grade” icon in “Choose fields to add to

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 report” and drop it on the “Rows” window.
o Click and drag the “Count” icon in “Choose fields to add to
report” and drop it on the “Σ Values” window.

12. The created Pivot table will appear as follows: Take note the
value format of the pivot table automatically default to “Sum” of
variables within the scenario; in this example it is the “Sum of
Count”.

Based on the requirements of this activity to display the results in % format,

the below additional activities will still need to be performed.
13. Click on cell K13, and repeat the steps 2 to 9 to create another
pivot table.
14. In the “PivotTable Fields” widow, locate the “Σ Values” icon
and click on drop-down arrow next to “Sum of Count”.
15. The “Value Field Settings” window will appear; click on the
“Show Values As” tab.
16. On the “Show value as” select the “% of Grand Total” option
– here a number of options are available depending on the
desired report format.
17. Click on OK to apply the selected settings.

18. The second pivot table will appear as follows.

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 From the pivot, it can be gathered that MC’s female workforce is 40% of
the Total workforce, with only 5.7% (1.4% + 4.3%) in EX and SM
structures. Does the women representation meet the EE requirements to
qualify for the R2.5m grant?

19. Based on the same information and the learnings you have
acquired, attempt to create the two formats of the “employment
type” (contract vs. permanent) pivots.
20. The two pivots should appear as follows:

From the above pivot table, is can be gathered that contract workforce
constitutes 71.4% of MC’s total workforce. Does these findings meet
the additional requirement for the R2.5m government grant?

5.4.3 Some benefits to using pivot tables

Pivot tables assist the user in being able to view data in a format that is simple
and easy to understand an interpret. Some of the benefits of pivot tables include:

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 • No complex formulas are necessary to create the pivot tables –
The pivot table work with data and do not need a formula for the
creation of the pivot table. The pivot table reads the data as it is
provided.
• Easy to use and to create pivot tables – MS Excel has built-in
functions that allow the user to easily create pivot tables, which can be
manipulated to view specific details as deemed necessary. The built-in
functionality allows for the use of these pivot tables with the simple click
of a button to view the data according to the user’s preferences.
• Easy to find relationships with data – Data relationships are easily
identifiable, which provides for an easier analysis of the data that is
presented.
• Assists in data visualisation – Pivot tables can be used in data
visualisation whether in chart or tabular format. Data visualisation will be
covered in more detail in AIN3701.

5.5 WORKING WITH SLICERS

Slicers are an additional feature that you can add to your pivot table. This will assist
with better visualisations of your data, with the use of filters in the form of slicer
buttons. Slicers can also be referred to as “visual filters”.

Let’s look at how we can add a slicer to the pivot table:

We will refer to the same pivot table that we created; however, we will now add a
slicer to that pivot table.

Computer Activity 5.9 – The Slicer

We will now filter our pivot table to reflect the number permanent and contract
employees for all divisions within the company

Remember this pivot table?

When filtering correctly, this is what it will look like:

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 You can create a slicer from any item in the field list that you have selected, by
simply moving your cursor over the selected item and then using your computer
mouse to “right-click” on the item.

• You will then be provided with the option to select the “Slicer” option.

In this example we will be creating a slicer for the “Division” data of the table.

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Once you’ve selected the “Add as Slicer” option, you will be presented with a slicer
button that contains the various options within the “Division” selection.

Notice what happens when you click on the various options on each button within
the slicer. E.g., if I choose the “Finance” option, the pivot table will now only
indicated the information that is relevant to “Finance” (see image below).

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 With every option you select on the slicer, it will change the pivot table accordingly.
You can also highlight 2 or 3 different options on the slicer, by doing the following
actions:

• Press and hold the “ctrl” key and select the different options you would like
to illustrate.

The slicer and pivot table will update accordingly and will be displayed as seen in
the picture below:

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By simply clicking on the “filter” icon at the top right side of the slicer, you
can now clear the formatting to its original state, before you select any
specific divisions.

5.5.1 Formatting slicers

You can also format your slicer in different ways, as seen in the image below:
By clicking on the slicer, you now get access to the slicer tab (indicated by the red

arrow).
You now have a few options should you want to apply specific formatting. The
numbered list below corresponds with the numbers as seen in the figure above.
1) You can change the slicer caption by inserting another name (Different
Divisions), which will appear on the slicer, without changing the properties of
your pivot table.
2) You are also able to change the colour format of the slicer to a different colour
by selecting the style that you prefer.
3) You adjust the number of columns. In this instance, we inserted 2 columns.
Compare the new slicer to the previous one.
4) You can also adjust the height and width of the buttons, depending on your
preference.

You can also add 2 or more slicers to the same pivot table to view different options,
by repeating the same steps as previously indicated.
• Try this for yourself and see what happens.�

5.6 COMBINING SLICERS AND GRAPHS

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 In this study unit, we’ve covered the aspect of data sorting, charts, pivot tables and
slicers. Each one of these elements are individually important as they offer a
different perspective of the data being presented.

Did you know that you can combine all of these concepts? It is indeed possible to
combine them all and by doing so it will assist your data presentation in a various
ways and formats. In fact, as an AIN2601 student, our goal is to provide you with
different skills, which will make you both marketable and relevant, proving to be a
great asset in society.

Well, it’s not difficult at all. Let’s combine what we’ve learnt, by referring to our
previous example. Remember this pivot table:

Now we will simply apply the principles learnt in section 5.3 (working with charts),
to our current scenario.

As with all graphs, you would need to select the data that the graph will apply to. In
this case it will be our pivot table.
• Select the pivot table by left-clicking on the pivot table.
• Thereafter, navigate to the “Insert” tab found on Excel ribbon.
• You will need to select the appropriate graph that would best depict the
data that you would like to present.

• Once you’ve decided on the appropriate graph, you will need to select it.
E.g., in this case we will select a “3D Clustered Column” graph.
• You can also add the necessary elements to your graph such as a chart
title, axis titles, colours and formats, etc.

Note: The graph is now associated with your pivot table as well as added slicers. By
simply clicking on the relevant slicer options, the graph will automatically update.

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You now have a chart that is dynamic in its presentation. Can you feel the
empowerment in your fingers right now? Yes, that’s you gaining relevant skills in your
data presentation abilities.

In AIN3701, we will look at more interesting forms of data presentations that will really
improve your skills in your working environment.

5.7 SUMMARY
By using spreadsheets, you can use a set of data and organise or prepare it in a
manner that it becomes more useful for data presentation. Data presentation can be
depicted through the use of graphical images such as graphs or in tabular format
using pivot tables for ease of reference or presentation purposes.

In the next study unit, we focus on spreadsheet security risks and

controls.

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