LITERACY

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Unit 1: The Basics of Language Acquisition in Early Childhood
What is Language?
What is Language?
setting-the-stage-and-building-a-positive-environment
Setting the Stage and Building a Positive Environment

Begin your session by creating a welcoming and inclusive environment that fosters
open communication and curiosity. Use ice-breaker activities that relate to language
and its importance in daily life to engage student teachers. For example, start with a
simple activity where each participant shares their favorite word and the reason
behind their choice. This not only warms up the group but also personalizes the
learning experience. initial-knowledge-assessment
Initial Knowledge Assessment

Assess the initial knowledge of your student teachers by asking them to define
language in their own words and describe its role in communication and thought. Use
this as an opportunity to gauge their preconceptions and the diversity of their
understanding. This can be done through a quick written exercise or an interactive poll
using digital tools like Kahoot or Mentimeter. defining-key-competencies
Defining Key Competencies

Clarify the key competencies expected from this unit, such as understanding the
nature of language, its components, and its significance in early childhood
development. Highlight how these competencies will enable them to better support
language acquisition in young learners. Employ visual aids, such as diagrams or mind
maps, to illustrate the connections between language, thinking, and learning. active-
participation-and-experiential-learning
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Active Participation and Experiential Learning

Encourage active participation by integrating experiential learning activities. For
instance, have student teachers observe and record real-life conversations or engage in
role-playing exercises that illustrate how language is used in different contexts. This
hands-on approach will help them to see the practical implications of theoretical
knowledge. facilitated-discussions-and-information-sharing
Facilitated Discussions and Information Sharing

Facilitate discussions around the question of what language is and its functions. Use
case studies or anecdotes from experienced educators to enrich the conversation. This
can lead to a deeper understanding of language as a tool for communication,
expression, and learning. practical-applications-and-interactions
Practical Applications and Interactions

Introduce practical applications of language teaching in early childhood settings.
Discuss strategies for promoting language development, such as storytelling, singing,
and conversational games. Encourage student teachers to share their ideas and
experiences, fostering a collaborative learning environment. recap-and-synthesis
Recap and Synthesis

Conclude the session by summarizing the key points discussed and how they apply to
the practice of teaching. Use interactive methods, like creating a collaborative word
cloud of key terms, to review and reinforce learning. real-world-tasks-and-
assignments
Real-world Tasks and Assignments

Assign real-world tasks that encourage the application of knowledge outside the
classroom. For example, ask student teachers to observe language use in a preschool
setting and reflect on their observations in relation to the theories and concepts
learned. anticipating-next-steps-and-future-learnings
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Anticipating Next Steps and Future Learnings

Preview the next topic by linking the understanding of language to its features and
development stages in early childhood. This will help to build anticipation and
connect the dots between different aspects of language and literacy education.
Features of Language
Features of Language setting-the-stage-and-building-a-positive-
environment

Start this session by exploring the diversity of languages around the world. Display a
world map highlighting different regions and the languages spoken there. This visual
representation can spark interest and show the richness of linguistic diversity, setting a
positive and inclusive tone for the lesson. initial-knowledge-assessment

Conduct an assessment to understand student teachers’ perceptions of linguistic
features and their importance. This could involve a brief questionnaire or a discussion
about different languages they are familiar with and the unique features of each.
defining-key-competencies

Define the key competencies for this unit, such as the ability to recognize and explain
the universal features of language, including phonetics, syntax, and semantics. Use
charts or infographics to illustrate these concepts clearly and effectively. active-

Facilitate a hands-on activity where student teachers analyze texts or conversations in
different languages to identify common linguistic features. This could be done in
small groups to encourage collaboration and discussion. facilitated-discussions-and-
information-sharing
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Lead a discussion on the implications of these linguistic features for language teaching
and learning in early childhood. Incorporate examples from current research or case
studies to provide a real-world context.
practical-applications-and-interactions

Introduce interactive language games that highlight different features of language,
such as phonetic matching games or sentence structure puzzles. These activities can be
used to enhance language and literacy development in young learners. recap-and-
synthesis
Recap and Synthesis

Summarize the session by revisiting the key linguistic features discussed and their
relevance to early childhood education. Utilize a collaborative tool, like Padlet, for
student teachers to post their takeaways and insights. real-world-tasks-and-
assignments

Assign a project where student teachers create a lesson plan focused on teaching a
specific linguistic feature to young children. This will encourage them to apply their
knowledge in designing educational activities. anticipating-next-steps-and-future-
learnings

End the session by connecting the features of language to its role in social interaction
and cognitive development, setting the stage for exploring language acquisition
theories in the next topics.
Importance of a Language to young children

Importance of Language to Young Children
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Begin by discussing the pivotal role language plays in a child’s development, using
visual aids like brain development charts to illustrate how language impacts cognitive
growth. Engage the class with a story or a video of young children communicating to
set an empathetic and relatable tone.
initial-knowledge-assessment

Evaluate student teachers’ understanding of the importance of language through
activities that prompt reflection on their own language development experiences or
observations of children’s language use. This could be facilitated through guided small
group discussions. defining-key-competencies

Highlight the competencies that will be developed, such as recognizing the critical
stages of language development and the impact of language on learning and
socialization. Utilize case studies or scenarios that require analysis and application of
these competencies. active-participation-and-experiential-learning

Organize activities that allow student teachers to observe language use in various
settings, perhaps through scheduled visits to early childhood centers or video case
studies, emphasizing the observational skills necessary for effective teaching.
facilitated-discussions-and-information-sharing

Facilitate a class discussion on the role of language in expressing thoughts, emotions,
and needs. Integrate insights from psychological and educational research to deepen
understanding. practical-applications-and-interactions
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Demonstrate teaching strategies that support language development, like interactive
read-alouds or language-rich play activities. Encourage student teachers to practice
these strategies in simulated environments or role-plays. recap-and-synthesis
Recap and Synthesis

Wrap up the session by synthesizing the day’s learnings, possibly through a
collaborative mind map that captures the importance of language in early childhood
development.
real-world-tasks-and-assignments

Assign a reflective essay or a project designing a language-rich classroom
environment, encouraging student teachers to integrate their theoretical knowledge
with practical application. anticipating-next-steps-and-future-learnings

Preview the next topics, linking the importance of language to specific theories of
language acquisition, to build a cohesive understanding as the course progresses.
The Behaviourist View

The Behaviourist View setting-the-stage-and-building-a-positive-
environment

Initiate the discussion on the Behaviourist view by presenting a scenario or video that
showcases language learning through imitation and reinforcement. This practical
example sets a relatable context for the student teachers. initial-knowledge-assessment
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Assess the student teachers’ pre-existing knowledge on behaviourist theories of
language acquisition, such as those proposed by B.F. Skinner. Use quizzes or thought-
provoking questions to stimulate critical thinking. defining-key-competencies

Define the competencies related to understanding the Behaviourist perspective,
including the ability to identify and apply reinforcement techniques in language
learning. Utilize presentations or guest lectures from experienced educators to
illustrate these concepts.
active-participation-and-experiential-learning

Engage student teachers in role-playing activities that mimic the behaviourist
approach, such as language drills and positive reinforcement scenarios. This hands-on
experience will help them grasp the practical applications of the theory. facilitated-
discussions-and-information-sharing

Facilitate a discussion on the advantages and limitations of the Behaviourist view in
contemporary language teaching. Encourage sharing of ideas and experiences to foster
a diverse understanding. practical-applications-and-interactions

Demonstrate various teaching methods derived from Behaviourist principles, like the
use of rewards to encourage language use in young learners. Provide student teachers
with the opportunity to design their own behaviourist-inspired language learning
activities. recap-and-synthesis
Recap and Synthesis

Summarize the key points covered in the session, emphasizing the Behaviourist view’s
impact on language teaching practices. Use interactive techniques, such as group
brainstorming, to consolidate learning. real-world-tasks-and-assignments
9

Assign a task where student teachers observe a language learning session and analyze
it from a Behaviourist perspective, encouraging them to apply their theoretical
knowledge in real-world settings. anticipating-next-steps-and-future-learnings

Conclude by connecting the Behaviourist view to upcoming topics on other theoretical
perspectives of language acquisition, preparing the student teachers for a broader
understanding of language learning theories.
The Nativist View

The Nativist View

Kick off this session by introducing the Nativist view with a thought-provoking
question or statement about the innate ability of children to acquire language. This
approach will capture the student teachers’ attention and set a reflective tone for the
discussion. initial-knowledge-assessment

Gauge the student teachers’ understanding of Nativist theories, such as Noam
Chomsky’s concept of the Language Acquisition Device (LAD). Initiate an interactive
activity, like a debate or a concept mapping exercise, to assess their initial thoughts
and knowledge. defining-key-competencies

Clarify the competencies for this unit, focusing on the ability to describe the Nativist
perspective and its implications for language development in children. Use multimedia
presentations or scholarly articles to introduce key concepts and theories. active-
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Encourage student teachers to participate in observational studies or experiments
designed to explore the naturalistic acquisition of language in young children,
mirroring the Nativist emphasis on innate linguistic capabilities. facilitated-

Facilitate a rich discussion on the evidence supporting the Nativist view, including
studies on children’s acquisition of complex grammatical structures without explicit
instruction. Encourage student teachers to share insights and questions, promoting a
deeper understanding of the theory.

Discuss the practical applications of the Nativist theory in early childhood education,
such as creating language-rich environments that stimulate innate language
development processes. Offer examples of how to incorporate these principles into
teaching practices. recap-and-synthesis
Recap and Synthesis

Conclude the session with a summary of the Nativist view, highlighting its
contributions to our understanding of language acquisition. Use a collaborative
learning tool, like a shared online document, for student teachers to note their key
takeaways. real-world-tasks-and-assignments

Assign a project that involves analyzing language development stages in children from
a Nativist perspective, encouraging the application of theoretical knowledge to
observe natural language learning processes. anticipating-next-steps-and-future-
learnings
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End by linking the Nativist view to the upcoming exploration of other language
acquisition theories, preparing student teachers for a comprehensive understanding of
the subject.
The Cognitivist View

The Cognitivist View setting-the-stage-and-building-a-positive-
environment

Begin the session by posing an engaging question about the role of cognitive
processes in language development, aiming to spark curiosity and stimulate critical
thinking among the student teachers.

Conduct an initial assessment to gauge student teachers’ understanding of cognitive
theories of language acquisition, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget. Utilize
interactive tools like mind mapping software to visualize their current perceptions and
knowledge. defining-key-competencies

Outline the key competencies for this unit, emphasizing the importance of
understanding cognitive development stages and their relation to language learning.
Introduce these concepts through a combination of lectures, reading materials, and
multimedia resources. active-participation-and-experiential-learning

Facilitate experiential learning activities that allow student teachers to observe and
analyze language development through the lens of cognitive development. This might
include case study analyses or guided observations in early learning settings.
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Lead discussions on how cognitive theories apply to language acquisition, integrating
research findings and theoretical models to enhance understanding. Encourage student
teachers to contribute their thoughts and relate them to practical teaching scenarios.

Showcase teaching strategies that align with cognitive theories, such as scaffolding
language learning based on cognitive development stages. Provide opportunities for
student teachers to design activities that apply these strategies in classroom settings.
recap-and-synthesis
Recap and Synthesis

Sum up the session by reviewing the connection between cognitive processes and
language development. Engage the student teachers in a reflective exercise, such as
journaling or group discussion, to consolidate their learning.

Assign a project that requires student teachers to create a language development
program for young learners, taking into account cognitive development stages and
principles. This task encourages the practical application of cognitive theories in
educational practice. anticipating-next-steps-and-future-learnings

Conclude by framing the Cognitivist view within the broader context of language
acquisition theories, setting the stage for exploring the practical implications of these
theories in the following topics.
Babies Aged Zero to Six Months

Babies Aged Zero to Six Months
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Initiate this topic by highlighting the fascinating journey of language development that
begins right from birth. Use engaging visuals, such as developmental milestone charts,
to set an informative and encouraging atmosphere. initial-knowledge-assessment

Assess student teachers’ understanding of the early stages of language development
through interactive discussions or quizzes. This helps to identify any misconceptions
and establish a baseline of knowledge. defining-key-competencies

Emphasize the competencies related to recognizing and supporting language
milestones in infants aged zero to six months. Discuss the significance of cooing,
babbling, and early vocalizations as foundational language skills.

Organize experiential learning activities, such as analyzing video recordings of infants
to observe early language behaviors. Encourage student teachers to reflect on these
observations and discuss their implications for language development. facilitated-

Facilitate a discussion on the role of environmental factors and caregiver interactions
in supporting language development during this critical period. Share research
findings and practical strategies for nurturing early language skills. practical-
applications-and-interactions

Demonstrate practical applications for supporting language development in infants,
such as the use of gentle, responsive communication and the importance of face-to-
face interaction. Provide student teachers with opportunities to practice these
strategies through role-playing or simulations. recap-and-synthesis
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Recap and Synthesis

Conclude the session by summarizing the key developmental milestones and strategies
for supporting language development in infants aged zero to six months. Use group
activities or digital platforms for collaborative learning and synthesis of ideas. real-
world-tasks-and-assignments

Assign a task that involves observing and documenting language development
activities in a realworld setting, encouraging student teachers to apply their knowledge
and skills in supporting early language acquisition. anticipating-next-steps-and-future-
learnings

End the session by previewing the next stage of language development, focusing on
infants aged six to 12 months, to maintain continuity and anticipation for future
learning.
Babies Aged Six to 12 Months

Babies Aged Six to 12 Months

Start by showcasing the rapid advancements in language development that occur
between six to twelve months, using videos or case studies of infants to illustrate key
milestones such as babbling, responding to their name, and the beginnings of
understanding simple words. initial-knowledge-assessment

Evaluate student teachers’ initial knowledge on the language development stages of
babies aged six to twelve months. This can be done through interactive activities, such
as matching milestones to age ranges or identifying behaviors in video clips. defining-
key-competencies
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Highlight the competencies necessary for recognizing and fostering language
development during this stage, including understanding the transition from babbling to
the formation of simple words and phrases. Use real-life examples and scholarly
articles to deepen understanding. active-participation-and-experiential-learning

Conduct activities that involve the analysis of audio recordings of infant babbling and
early word production. This hands-on approach will help student teachers identify
patterns and variations in early language acquisition. facilitated-discussions-and-
information-sharing

Lead discussions on the significance of caregiver interaction and the environment in
supporting language development at this age. Incorporate findings from recent studies
to provide evidencebased insights.

Share strategies for encouraging language development, such as responsive speaking
and the use of simple, repetitive words and phrases. Allow student teachers to practice
these strategies through simulations or role-play exercises. recap-and-synthesis
Recap and Synthesis

Wrap up the session by summarizing the critical language development milestones for
babies aged six to twelve months and effective strategies for support. Utilize
collaborative tools for a collective review of key concepts. real-world-tasks-and-
assignments

Assign a reflective task that requires student teachers to observe and document
language development interactions in a childcare setting, focusing on infants aged six
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to twelve months. This encourages the application of theoretical knowledge in

practical settings. anticipating-next-steps-and-future-learnings

Preview the next developmental stage, focusing on toddlers aged twelve to eighteen
months, to seamlessly connect the continuum of language development and prepare
student teachers for subsequent learning.
Toddlers Aged 12 to 18 Months

Toddlers Aged 12 to 18 Months

Begin the discussion on toddlers aged 12 to 18 months by emphasizing the explosion
of language skills that typically occurs in this age range, such as the rapid increase in
vocabulary and the beginning of simple sentence formation. Use engaging visuals or
clips of toddlers speaking to set a lively and optimistic tone. initial-knowledge-
assessment

Conduct a brief assessment to gauge student teachers’ knowledge on the language
development milestones of toddlers aged 12 to 18 months. This could involve a quiz
or a discussion based on observations of toddlers’ interactions in different settings.

Outline the key competencies necessary for fostering language development in
toddlers during this stage, focusing on strategies to support vocabulary expansion and
the emergence of simple sentences. Present these concepts through interactive lectures
or guest speaker insights. active-participation-and-experiential-learning
17

Engage student teachers in activities that involve analyzing speech samples from
toddlers, identifying key language development indicators. This hands-on learning
will deepen their understanding of toddler language acquisition. facilitated-

Lead a discussion on the role of social interaction and play in language development
for toddlers aged 12 to 18 months. Incorporate current research and case studies to
illustrate practical implications. practical-applications-and-interactions

Showcase teaching methods and activities that encourage language development at
this stage, such as storytime sessions, naming objects during play, and simple
question-and-answer games. Encourage student teachers to brainstorm additional
activities. recap-and-synthesis
Recap and Synthesis

Summarize the session by reviewing the language development milestones for
toddlers aged 12 to 18 months and effective strategies for supporting their language
growth. Use a collaborative online platform for student teachers to share their
reflections and insights.

Assign a project that involves planning and implementing a language-rich activity for
toddlers, encouraging student teachers to apply their knowledge in a practical setting.
anticipating-next-steps-and-future-learnings

Conclude by transitioning to the next developmental stage, toddlers aged 18 months to
two years, to maintain continuity in the exploration of language development across
different age groups.
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Toddlers Aged 18 Months to Two Years

Toddlers Aged 18 Months to Two Years

Initiate the session by highlighting the significant milestones in language development
for toddlers aged 18 months to two years, such as the surge in vocabulary and the start
of combining words to form simple sentences. Use engaging stories or clips that
showcase these developmental achievements to create an inspiring learning
environment. initial-knowledge-assessment

Assess the student teachers’ pre-existing knowledge about language development in
toddlers within this age range through interactive activities, such as identifying
language milestones in video clips or through discussion based on case studies.

Focus on the competencies necessary for identifying and fostering language growth
during this stage, including strategies for encouraging the use of two-word sentences
and supporting the expanding vocabulary. Present these through expert talks,
interactive presentations, or real-life observations.

Encourage student teachers to engage in experiential learning by analyzing recordings
of toddlers’ speech, focusing on word combination and sentence formation. This
practical approach will enhance their understanding of language development patterns.
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Facilitate discussions on effective communication strategies with toddlers to support
their language development, incorporating insights from contemporary research and
educational practices. practical-applications-and-interactions

Demonstrate interactive language development activities suitable for this age group,
such as picture book reading sessions that emphasize narrative skills, and play-based
learning that encourages language use. recap-and-synthesis
Recap and Synthesis

Conclude the session by summarizing the language development milestones for
toddlers aged 18 months to two years and discussing the impact of supportive teaching
strategies. Use collaborative learning techniques, such as group projects or online
forums, to consolidate knowledge. real-world-tasks-and-assignments

Assign a task that involves designing a language-focused activity plan for toddlers,
incorporating strategies discussed during the session. This encourages the application
of theoretical concepts in practical settings. anticipating-next-steps-and-future-
learnings

End by previewing the language development stages of children at daycare aged two
to three years, seamlessly connecting the continuum of language acquisition and
preparing student teachers for the challenges and opportunities of the next
developmental phase.
Children at Daycare Aged Two to Three Years

Children at Daycare Aged Two to Three Years
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Begin with an overview of the language and social development milestones typical for
children aged two to three years, emphasizing the expansion of vocabulary and the
ability to form more complex sentences. Utilize engaging visual aids and real-life
examples to illustrate these growth points, setting an encouraging tone for the session.

Conduct an assessment to gauge student teachers’ understanding of the developmental
characteristics and language acquisition of children in this age group. This could be
facilitated through interactive discussions or quizzes based on scenarios depicting
children’s interactions at daycare. defining-key-competencies

Identify the key competencies necessary for supporting language development in
children aged two to three years, such as recognizing the importance of play-based
learning and the role of storytelling in language expansion. Use case studies and
scholarly articles to enrich the learning experience. active-participation-and-
experiential-learning

Engage student teachers in activities that require them to plan and implement language
enrichment activities suitable for daycare settings. This might include designing
interactive storytelling sessions or creating language-rich play scenarios. facilitated-

Facilitate discussions on strategies for fostering an environment that encourages
language development, including the use of open-ended questions and the modeling of
complex language structures. Share insights from recent educational research to
support these discussions.
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Demonstrate practical applications of teaching strategies that promote language
development in this age group. Encourage student teachers to participate in role-
playing exercises that simulate effective communication techniques with children.
recap-and-synthesis
Recap and Synthesis

Summarize the session by reviewing key language development milestones for
children aged two to three years and the most effective strategies for supporting their
linguistic growth. Utilize interactive tools like digital mind maps for a collaborative
recap. real-world-tasks-and-assignments

Assign a project that involves observing language development practices in a daycare
setting and reflecting on these observations in relation to the theoretical knowledge
acquired during the session. anticipating-next-steps-and-future-learnings

Conclude by introducing the next developmental stage, focusing on daycare children
aged three to four years, to provide a smooth transition and maintain momentum in the
exploration of language development.
Day Care Children Aged Three to Four Years

Day Care Children Aged Three to Four Years

Start this session by emphasizing the critical role of language in cognitive and social
development for children aged three to four years. Highlight the shift towards more
complex sentence structures and the beginning of narrative skills. Use stories or
classroom scenarios to illustrate these advancements, creating an engaging and
informative atmosphere.
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Evaluate student teachers’ baseline understanding of language development in children
aged three to four years through interactive exercises, such as matching activities that
align developmental milestones with appropriate age ranges. defining-key-
competencies

Identify the competencies essential for enhancing language development at this stage,
including fostering narrative skills, encouraging descriptive language, and supporting
the use of grammar in conversation. Present these concepts through engaging
multimedia presentations or expert-led workshops. active-participation-and-

Encourage student teachers to engage in active learning by participating in classroom
simulations that focus on storytelling and creative language use. These activities
should highlight the importance of interactive and imaginative play in language
development. facilitated-discussions-and-information-sharing

Lead discussions on the integration of language learning into various aspects of the
daycare curriculum, emphasizing the use of thematic units and project-based learning
to support language growth. Share examples from successful programs to provide
practical insights. practical-applications-and-interactions

Demonstrate teaching strategies that promote language development, such as the use
of puppet shows to stimulate narrative skills or role-playing games to encourage
expressive language. Allow student teachers to develop and present their language-
focused activities. recap-and-synthesis
23
Recap and Synthesis

Summarize the key points of the session, focusing on the developmental milestones
for children aged three to four years and effective strategies for supporting their
language development. Use collaborative digital tools to facilitate a group synthesis of
ideas.

Assign a project that involves designing a comprehensive language development plan
for a daycare class, incorporating the strategies discussed during the session. This task
encourages the practical application of theoretical knowledge. anticipating-next-steps-
and-future-learnings

Conclude by outlining the next steps in language development, focusing on preschool
children aged four to five years, to ensure a seamless progression in the exploration of
language acquisition across age groups.
Preschool Children Aged Four to Five Years

Preschool Children Aged Four to Five Years

Kick off this topic by discussing the significant language and literacy milestones
expected in preschool children aged four to five years, such as increased vocabulary,
sentence complexity, and beginning reading skills. Use engaging storytelling or
interactive presentations to illustrate these concepts vividly. initial-knowledge-
assessment

Conduct an initial knowledge assessment through group discussions or interactive
quizzes to gauge student teachers’ understanding of the linguistic and cognitive
development stages typical for this age group. defining-key-competencies
24

Highlight the key competencies necessary for promoting language and literacy skills
in preschoolers, including phonemic awareness, alphabet knowledge, and early
writing skills. Utilize a mix of expert lectures, video tutorials, and reading materials to
cover these areas comprehensively.

Facilitate experiential learning opportunities by organizing activities that promote
language exploration, such as phonics games, shared reading sessions, and writing
workshops. These should emphasize the joy and creativity inherent in language
learning. facilitated-discussions-and-information-sharing

Lead facilitated discussions on the integration of language and literacy instruction into
everyday classroom activities. Encourage the sharing of innovative teaching strategies
and tools that can support preschoolers’ language development. practical-applications-
and-interactions

Showcase practical applications through demonstrations of effective teaching methods
tailored to preschool children, including interactive storytime techniques, literacy-rich
environment setups, and engaging language games. recap-and-synthesis
Recap and Synthesis

Wrap up the session by summarizing the developmental milestones for preschool
children aged four to five years and the strategies for supporting their language and
literacy development. Use collaborative tools for a collective synthesis of the session’s
key points. real-world-tasks-and-assignments
25

Assign a project that involves creating a comprehensive language and literacy
enrichment program for a preschool classroom, integrating the concepts and methods
discussed. anticipating-next-steps-and-future-learnings

Conclude by preparing student teachers for the next developmental stage, focusing on
preschool children aged five to six years, and outlining the advanced language and
literacy skills that will be explored next.
Preschool Children Aged Five to Six Years

Preschool Children Aged Five to Six Years

Start by highlighting the advanced language and literacy skills that preschool children
aged five to six years are developing, such as reading fluency, comprehension, and
more sophisticated writing abilities. Use interactive activities or stories to demonstrate
these skills in action, setting an enthusiastic and supportive tone for the session.

Assess student teachers’ understanding of the developmental milestones and
educational strategies effective for children in this age group through discussions or
digital quizzes. This helps to clarify any misconceptions and establish a common
knowledge base. defining-key-competencies

Outline the key competencies that student teachers need to support this advanced stage
of language and literacy development, including techniques for teaching reading
comprehension and writing, as well as strategies for engaging children in critical
thinking about texts. active-participation-and-experiential-learning
26

Engage student teachers in hands-on activities, such as planning and conducting a
mini-reading session that focuses on storytelling, questioning techniques, and
discussion to enhance comprehension and engagement.

Lead discussions on the challenges and opportunities of teaching language and literacy
to children aged five to six years, incorporating insights from current research and best
practices in early childhood education.

Showcase teaching methods and tools that facilitate the development of reading and
writing skills, such as phonics apps, children’s literature, and interactive writing
workshops. Allow student teachers to experiment with these tools in mock classroom
settings. recap-and-synthesis
Recap and Synthesis

Summarize the session by revisiting the language and literacy development milestones
for preschool children aged five to six years, and the teaching strategies discussed.
Use group activities or online collaboration platforms to reinforce learning outcomes.

Assign a comprehensive project that involves designing a literacy program for
preschoolers, incorporating elements of reading, writing, and critical thinking. This
project encourages the application of theoretical knowledge to practical scenarios.

Conclude the session by discussing the transition to formal schooling and the
continued development of language and literacy skills in the elementary years,
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preparing student teachers for the broad spectrum of educational challenges and
opportunities ahead.
Peer Influence in Language Development

Peer Influence in Language Development setting-the-stage-and-building-a-positive-
environment

Introduce the concept of peer influence on language development by discussing how
interactions with peers can significantly impact a child’s language and social skills.
Use real-life examples or case studies to illustrate the positive effects of peer
interaction.

Evaluate student teachers’ initial understanding of peer influence in language
development through group discussions or interactive activities that explore the
dynamics of peer interactions and their impact on language learning. defining-key-
competencies

Highlight the competencies needed to facilitate positive peer interactions in
educational settings, focusing on strategies to encourage cooperative learning and
communication among children. Present research findings and theoretical frameworks
that support the role of peers in language development. active-participation-and-

Engage student teachers in designing and implementing activities that promote peer-
to-peer communication and language development, such as group storytelling, role-
playing games, and collaborative projects. facilitated-discussions-and-information-
sharing
28

Facilitate discussions on the challenges and benefits of leveraging peer influence for
language development. Encourage sharing of experiences and strategies that have
been effective in different educational contexts. practical-applications-and-interactions

Demonstrate practical ways to integrate peer interactions into the daily curriculum to
support language development, highlighting activities that are both fun and
educational. Provide examples of how to create an inclusive classroom environment
that fosters positive peer relationships. recap-and-synthesis
Recap and Synthesis

Summarize the session by emphasizing the importance of peer influence in language
development and the strategies discussed for maximizing positive interactions. Use
collaborative tools for a collective review of the key concepts covered.

Assign a task that involves observing and documenting the effects of peer interactions
on language development in a classroom setting, encouraging student teachers to
apply their knowledge in real-world scenarios. anticipating-next-steps-and-future-
learnings

Conclude by linking the concept of peer influence to broader themes in language
acquisition and education, setting the stage for further exploration of social dynamics
and their impact on learning.
Family Influence in Language Development

Family Influence in Language Development setting-the-stage-and-building-a-positive-
environment
29

Begin by discussing the foundational role of family in a child’s language development,
emphasizing how early communication within the family can shape language learning
and literacy skills. Use anecdotes or research findings to illustrate these points. initial-
knowledge-assessment

Conduct an assessment to understand student teachers’ perceptions of the impact of
family interactions on language development. This could involve reflective questions
or a discussion based on case studies of family communication patterns. defining-key-
competencies

Identify key competencies for enhancing language development through family
engagement, such as strategies for involving parents in language learning activities
and creating language-rich home environments. Provide examples of effective family-
school partnerships.

Encourage student teachers to develop and present plans for parent workshops or
family literacy nights that aim to boost language development at home. These
activities should promote active participation and exchange of ideas among families.

Lead a discussion on the challenges and opportunities of engaging families in their
children’s language development. Share best practices and innovative approaches to
family involvement in education. practical-applications-and-interactions
30

Demonstrate practical methods for teachers to support families in enhancing children’s
language skills, including the distribution of resources for at-home language activities
and tips for effective communication with parents. recap-and-synthesis
Recap and Synthesis

Summarize the session by reinforcing the importance of family influence on language
development and the strategies discussed for fostering family engagement. Use group
activities or digital platforms to compile feedback and insights from the session. real-

Assign a project that involves creating a resource packet for parents, focusing on
simple and effective ways to support language development at home. This task
encourages the practical application of concepts covered in the session. anticipating-
next-steps-and-future-learnings

Conclude by discussing how family influence on language development intersects
with other factors, such as peer influence and educational settings, preparing student
teachers for a holistic approach to language education.
Community Influence in Language Development

Community Influence in Language Development

Initiate the session by emphasizing the importance of the community in supporting
language development, illustrating how community interactions, cultural practices,
and public resources can enrich a child’s linguistic environment. Use examples or case
studies to demonstrate the impact of community involvement. initial-knowledge-
assessment
31

Assess student teachers’ understanding of how community factors contribute to
language development through discussions or interactive activities focused on
community-based language learning experiences. defining-key-competencies

Highlight the competencies necessary for leveraging community resources in language
education, including strategies for community engagement and the integration of local
cultural narratives into language learning programs. active-participation-and-

Encourage student teachers to plan and implement community engagement projects,
such as organizing a local storytelling event or collaborating with community centers
on language promotion activities. These projects should aim to involve children and
families in meaningful linguistic and cultural exchanges. facilitated-discussions-and-
information-sharing

Facilitate a discussion on the potential challenges and benefits of community
involvement in language development. Share success stories and lessons learned from
existing community-based language initiatives.

Showcase examples of effective collaboration between schools and community
organizations to support language development, such as library reading programs and
cultural festivals. Discuss how these partnerships can be formed and sustained. recap-
and-synthesis
Recap and Synthesis

Conclude the session by summarizing the role of the community in enriching
children’s language development and the strategies for enhancing community
32
involvement. Use collaborative tools or platforms to gather feedback and reflect on the
session’s key takeaways. real-world-tasks-and-assignments

Assign a task that involves researching and proposing a plan for a new community-
based language development initiative, encouraging student teachers to explore
innovative ways to integrate community resources into language education.

End by discussing the interconnectedness of family, peer, and community influences
on language development, setting the stage for a comprehensive approach to
supporting children’s linguistic growth across various contexts.
The English Language Sentence Structures

The English Language Sentence Structures setting-the-stage-and-building-a-positive-
environment

Begin this session by introducing the complexity and variety of sentence structures in
the English language, using examples to illustrate simple, compound, and complex
sentences. Engage student teachers with interactive exercises that explore sentence
construction and variation.

Use quizzes or discussions to assess student teachers’ initial understanding of English
sentence structures. This assessment can help identify areas where additional focus is
required. defining-key-competencies
33

Highlight the key competencies necessary for teaching English sentence structures,
including the ability to analyze and construct different types of sentences. Provide
resources and tools that can aid in the teaching of these concepts. active-participation-
and-experiential-learning

Encourage student teachers to participate in group activities that involve constructing
sentences of varying complexity. These activities can include sentence scrambling
games and peer review exercises. facilitated-discussions-and-information-sharing

Facilitate discussions on the importance of sentence structure in conveying meaning
and enhancing communication. Incorporate examples from literature and everyday
communication to illustrate how sentence structure impacts clarity and engagement.

Demonstrate teaching strategies that can be used to introduce sentence structures to
young learners, such as storytelling with emphasis on sentence variation and
structured writing exercises. recap-and-synthesis
Recap and Synthesis

Summarize the session by reviewing the types of sentence structures discussed and
their significance in language learning and teaching. Use collaborative tools for a
collective synthesis of the session’s key points.

Assign a task that involves analyzing a piece of text to identify and categorize
sentence structures, encouraging student teachers to apply their knowledge in a
practical context. anticipating-next-steps-and-future-learnings
34

Conclude by linking sentence structure knowledge to the broader context of language
development, including syntax, semantics, and morphology, setting the stage for
integrated language instruction.
Parts of Speech
Parts of Speech

Start this session by introducing the basic parts of speech in the English language,
emphasizing their roles in sentence construction and meaning. Use visual aids and
examples to illustrate nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions,
and interjections. initial-knowledge-assessment

Assess student teachers’ pre-existing knowledge of the parts of speech through
interactive activities, such as categorizing words or creating simple sentences
highlighting each part of speech. defining-key-competencies

Highlight the competencies necessary for teaching the parts of speech, including
identifying them in various contexts and understanding their function in sentences.
Offer resources for interactive learning, such as online quizzes and educational games.

Engage student teachers in hands-on activities that reinforce the understanding of parts
of speech, like word sorting games, sentence construction challenges, and peer
teaching sessions.
35

Facilitate discussions on the importance of mastering the parts of speech for effective
communication and teaching. Share strategies for making this topic accessible and
engaging for young learners. practical-applications-and-interactions

Demonstrate practical teaching strategies for the parts of speech, such as using
storytelling to introduce and reinforce different parts of speech, and incorporating
movement and physical activities to make learning more dynamic. recap-and-
synthesis
Recap and Synthesis

Summarize the session by reviewing the parts of speech and their significance in
language structure and usage. Utilize collaborative tools, like shared online
documents, for student teachers to document their insights and strategies. real-world-
tasks-and-assignments

Assign a project that involves creating a lesson plan focused on the parts of speech,
encouraging student teachers to integrate creative teaching methods and assess their
effectiveness in enhancing student understanding. anticipating-next-steps-and-future-
learnings

Conclude by discussing how knowledge of the parts of speech contributes to more
advanced topics in language study, such as syntax and semantics, preparing student
teachers for comprehensive language instruction.
Tense
Tense setting-the-stage-and-building-a-positive-
environment
36

Begin the session by exploring the concept of tense in the English language,
highlighting its role in indicating the timing of actions or events. Use timelines and
examples to illustrate past, present, and future tenses, and their various aspects. initial-

Conduct an initial assessment to gauge student teachers’ understanding of tense and its
usage in sentences. This can be done through simple exercises that involve identifying
tenses in sentences or converting sentences from one tense to another. defining-key-
competencies

Identify the key competencies necessary for teaching tense, including the ability to
explain tense usage rules, recognize common tense errors, and apply tenses
appropriately in writing and speaking. active-participation-and-experiential-learning

Involve student teachers in activities that foster a deeper understanding of tense, such
as group discussions on tense usage in different contexts, and writing exercises that
focus on tense consistency. facilitated-discussions-and-information-sharing

Facilitate discussions on the challenges of teaching tense to language learners,
incorporating insights from linguistic research and classroom experiences. Share
strategies for addressing common learner difficulties with tense. practical-
applications-and-interactions

Demonstrate teaching methods and tools that can aid in teaching tense, such as
interactive grammar games, sentence construction kits, and software applications
designed for language learning.
recap-and-synthesis
37
Recap and Synthesis

Summarize the session by reviewing the importance of tense in conveying meaning
and the strategies discussed for teaching it effectively. Use collaborative tools to
collect feedback and suggestions from student teachers. real-world-tasks-and-
assignments

Assign a task that involves creating a teaching resource focused on tense, such as a
lesson plan, a series of practice exercises, or an educational video. Encourage
creativity and the integration of technology. anticipating-next-steps-and-future-
learnings

Conclude by linking the understanding of tense to broader aspects of grammar and
syntax, setting the stage for further exploration of language structure in future
sessions.
Aspect
Aspect setting-the-stage-and-building-a-positive-
environment

Introduce the concept of aspect in the English language, explaining how it
complements tense by providing additional information about the temporal flow of
actions. Use diagrams and examples to illustrate the differences between the simple,
continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous aspects. initial-knowledge-assessment

Assess student teachers’ initial understanding of aspect through exercises that require
identifying aspects in sentences or transforming sentences to reflect different aspects.
38

Highlight the competencies needed to teach aspect effectively, such as recognizing and
explaining the nuances of aspect usage in various tenses and contexts. Provide student
teachers with resources and strategies for teaching aspect. active-participation-and-

Engage student teachers in activities that deepen their understanding of aspect, such as
group discussions on its role in conveying nuances of time and action, and writing
exercises focused on using different aspects appropriately. facilitated-discussions-and-
information-sharing

Facilitate discussions on the pedagogical challenges of teaching aspect and share
effective strategies for overcoming these challenges. Incorporate insights from
linguistic research and teaching experiences. practical-applications-and-interactions

Demonstrate teaching methods and tools that can aid in explaining aspect, including
visual aids, interactive grammar exercises, and online resources designed for language
learning. recap-and-synthesis
Recap and Synthesis

Summarize the session by reviewing the concept of aspect and its importance in
English grammar. Utilize collaborative tools to gather feedback and compile a list of
teaching tips and resources. real-world-tasks-and-assignments

Assign a project that involves creating educational materials focused on aspect,
encouraging student teachers to apply their knowledge creatively and practically.
39

Conclude the session by discussing how understanding aspect integrates with broader
grammatical knowledge, preparing student teachers for comprehensive language
instruction.
Phonetics
Phonetics setting-the-stage-and-building-a-positive-
environment

Begin with an introduction to phonetics, the study of the sounds of human speech,
emphasizing its importance in teaching pronunciation and listening skills. Utilize
audio examples and visual aids to demonstrate various phonetic sounds and their
articulation. initial-knowledge-assessment

Assess student teachers’ pre-existing knowledge of phonetics through listening
exercises or phonetic transcription activities, helping to identify areas for further
focus. defining-key-competencies

Highlight the key competencies required for effective teaching of phonetics, such as
the ability to identify and produce distinct sounds, understand phonetic transcription,
and apply phonetic knowledge in teaching pronunciation. active-participation-and-

Engage student teachers in experiential learning activities, including practicing
phonetic transcription, participating in pronunciation workshops, and using phonetic
charts and tools for language teaching.
40

Facilitate discussions on the role of phonetics in language learning and teaching,
exploring topics such as accent reduction, listening comprehension, and the phonetic
challenges faced by language learners. practical-applications-and-interactions

Demonstrate practical applications of phonetics in the classroom, such as integrating
phonetic exercises into language lessons, using technology to analyze speech sounds,
and creating engaging activities for practicing pronunciation. recap-and-synthesis
Recap and Synthesis

Summarize the session by reviewing the importance of phonetics in language
education and the strategies discussed for teaching it effectively. Encourage
collaborative sharing of resources and teaching tips among student teachers. real-

Assign a project that involves developing a pronunciation guide or lesson plan
incorporating phonetic principles, challenging student teachers to apply their
knowledge in creating practical teaching materials. anticipating-next-steps-and-future-
learnings

Conclude by discussing how phonetic knowledge integrates with other aspects of
language teaching, such as phonology and morphology, setting the stage for a holistic
approach to language education.
Syntax
Syntax setting-the-stage-and-building-a-positive-
environment
41

Begin the session by introducing the concept of syntax, the set of rules that govern the
structure of sentences in a language. Use examples to illustrate how syntax affects the
meaning and clarity of sentences. Engage student teachers with sentence construction
exercises to highlight the importance of syntactic order. initial-knowledge-assessment

Assess student teachers’ understanding of syntax through activities that involve
rearranging words to form coherent sentences and identifying syntactic errors in given
sentences. defining-key-competencies

Highlight the competencies required for teaching syntax, such as identifying and
correcting syntactic errors, explaining the role of syntax in sentence formation, and
applying syntactic rules in language teaching. active-participation-and-experiential-
learning

Involve student teachers in hands-on activities that emphasize the practical aspects of
syntax, including sentence diagramming exercises and collaborative writing tasks that
focus on syntactic structure. facilitated-discussions-and-information-sharing

Facilitate discussions on the challenges of teaching syntax to language learners,
sharing effective strategies and tools for simplifying complex syntactic concepts.

Demonstrate practical teaching methods for syntax, such as using visual aids to
represent syntactic structures, incorporating technology-based tools for interactive
learning, and developing exercises that enhance syntactic awareness.
recap-and-synthesis
42
Recap and Synthesis

Summarize the session by reviewing key concepts in syntax and the strategies
discussed for effectively teaching them. Use collaborative tools for feedback and to
encourage the sharing of resources among student teachers. real-world-tasks-and-
assignments

Assign a project that involves creating teaching materials focused on syntax,
challenging student teachers to integrate creative approaches and assess their
effectiveness in improving students’ syntactic skills. anticipating-next-steps-and-
future-learnings

Conclude by linking syntax to broader linguistic concepts such as semantics and
pragmatics, preparing student teachers for integrated language instruction.
Semantics
Semantics setting-the-stage-and-building-a-positive-
environment

Begin by introducing semantics, the study of meaning in language, highlighting its
importance in understanding and interpreting language. Use examples to demonstrate
how semantics influences communication, including ambiguities and nuances in
meaning. initial-knowledge-assessment

Conduct an initial assessment to gauge student teachers’ understanding of semantics
through exercises that involve interpreting meanings in various contexts and
distinguishing between literal and figurative language. defining-key-competencies
43

Identify the key competencies required for teaching semantics, such as the ability to
explain the relationship between words and their meanings, analyze semantic changes
in language, and apply semantic knowledge in language teaching. active-participation-
and-experiential-learning

Engage student teachers in activities that deepen their understanding of semantics, like
semantic mapping exercises, discussions on synonyms and antonyms, and analysis of
semantic roles in sentences. facilitated-discussions-and-information-sharing

Facilitate discussions on the challenges of conveying semantic nuances to language
learners and share strategies for teaching semantics effectively. Incorporate examples
from various languages to illustrate the universality and diversity of semantic
phenomena. practical-applications-and-interactions

Demonstrate practical applications for teaching semantics, including the use of visual
aids to explain word relationships, interactive games to explore meanings, and
technology-based tools for semantic analysis. recap-and-synthesis
Recap and Synthesis

Summarize the session by reviewing the significance of semantics in language
learning and the strategies discussed for teaching it. Encourage collaborative sharing
of teaching resources and experiences. real-world-tasks-and-assignments

Assign a project that involves creating semantic-based language teaching materials,
encouraging student teachers to integrate innovative teaching methods and assess their
impact on learners’ understanding of meaning.
44

Conclude by discussing how semantic knowledge integrates with other linguistic
disciplines, such as syntax and pragmatics, preparing student teachers for a
comprehensive approach to language instruction.
Morphology
Morphology setting-the-stage-and-building-a-positive-
environment

Start the session by defining morphology, the study of the structure of words and how
they are formed from morphemes. Utilize visual aids and examples to illustrate
morphological structures, such as roots, prefixes, and suffixes. initial-knowledge-
assessment

Assess student teachers’ foundational knowledge of morphology through activities that
involve breaking down words into their morphemic components and identifying
different types of morphemes. defining-key-competencies

Highlight the key competencies necessary for understanding and teaching
morphology, including the ability to analyze word formation and recognize the
morphological rules of the English language. active-participation-and-experiential-
learning

Engage student teachers in hands-on activities that reinforce their understanding of
morphology, such as morpheme matching games, word creation exercises, and
morphological analysis of complex words.
45

Facilitate discussions on the importance of morphology in vocabulary development
and language learning. Share strategies for integrating morphological knowledge into
language teaching practices. practical-applications-and-interactions

Demonstrate practical teaching methods for morphology, including the use of digital
tools and resources for exploring word structure and creating interactive morphology
lessons. recap-and-synthesis
Recap and Synthesis

Summarize the session by reviewing the concepts of morphology discussed and their
significance in language education. Encourage student teachers to share their insights
and strategies for teaching morphology. real-world-tasks-and-assignments

Assign a project that involves designing a morphology-focused language lesson or
activity, challenging student teachers to apply their morphological knowledge in a
teaching context. anticipating-next-steps-and-future-learnings

Conclude by discussing how morphological understanding contributes to a broader
linguistic competence, including syntax, semantics, and phonology, setting the stage
for integrated language instruction.
Development of Language Structure

Development of Language Structure setting-the-stage-and-building-a-positive-
environment
46

Begin this session by discussing the evolution of language structure over time,
focusing on the changes in phonetics, syntax, and semantics that have occurred in the
English language. Use historical examples and linguistic studies to illustrate these
developments. initial-knowledge-assessment

Assess student teachers’ understanding of the historical development of language
structure through quizzes or discussions that include questions on key linguistic shifts
and their impacts on modern English. defining-key-competencies

Highlight the competencies necessary for understanding the development of language
structure, such as the ability to analyze linguistic changes, understand their causes, and
relate them to contemporary language use. active-participation-and-experiential-
learning

Engage student teachers in activities that explore the development of language
structure, such as analyzing texts from different historical periods to identify linguistic
changes or creating presentations on specific aspects of language evolution.

Facilitate discussions on the significance of understanding language development for
language teaching, including how this knowledge can inform teaching strategies and
curriculum design. practical-applications-and-interactions

Demonstrate how knowledge of language structure development can be applied in the
classroom, such as through comparative language analysis exercises or the integration
of historical linguistic insights into lessons. recap-and-synthesis
47
Recap and Synthesis

Summarize the session by reviewing the key points on the development of language
structure and its relevance to language education. Use collaborative tools to collect
feedback and suggestions for incorporating this knowledge into teaching practices.

Assign a research project on the development of a specific aspect of language
structure, encouraging student teachers to delve deeper into linguistic history and its
implications for modern language teaching. anticipating-next-steps-and-future-
learnings

Conclude by discussing how an understanding of language structure development
complements other areas of linguistic study, such as phonology, morphology, and
syntax, preparing student teachers for a comprehensive approach to language
education.
Development of Speech
Development of Speech

Begin by exploring the development of speech from infancy through childhood,
emphasizing the milestones in speech production and understanding. Utilize audio
recordings and video clips to illustrate the progression of speech skills. initial-

Conduct an assessment to gauge student teachers’ knowledge on the development of
speech, including the ability to recognize key speech development stages and common
speech disorders in children.
48

Highlight the competencies needed for supporting speech development in children,
such as strategies for encouraging speech production, identifying speech delays, and
implementing interventions for speech disorders. active-participation-and-

Involve student teachers in activities that promote understanding of speech
development, such as analyzing case studies of children with speech disorders and
participating in simulations of speech therapy techniques. facilitated-discussions-and-
information-sharing

Lead discussions on the impact of speech development on overall language acquisition
and literacy, sharing research findings and practical experiences from speech and
language therapists. practical-applications-and-interactions

Demonstrate practical applications for fostering speech development in educational
settings, including exercises for articulation practice, language games that promote
verbal expression, and the use of technology to support speech development. recap-
and-synthesis
Recap and Synthesis

Summarize the session by reviewing the stages of speech development and the
strategies discussed for supporting speech development in children. Encourage
collaborative sharing of insights and resources among student teachers. real-world-
tasks-and-assignments

Assign a project that involves creating a speech development support plan for a
hypothetical or real classroom scenario, challenging student teachers to apply their
knowledge in a practical setting.
49

Conclude by discussing how speech development relates to other aspects of language
learning, such as reading and writing, and the importance of integrating speech
support into comprehensive language education programs.
Individual Differences
Individual Differences setting-the-stage-and-building-a-positive-
environment

Begin the session by acknowledging the diversity in language development among
children, emphasizing that individual differences are normal and expected. Use case
studies and anecdotes to illustrate how these differences manifest in language learning
and speech development. initial-knowledge-assessment

Assess student teachers’ awareness of individual differences in language development
through discussions or interactive activities that explore factors influencing language
acquisition, such as genetic predispositions, environmental influences, and social
interactions. defining-key-competencies

Highlight the key competencies needed to accommodate individual differences in
language teaching, including strategies for differentiated instruction, the use of
adaptive learning technologies, and methods for assessing language skills in diverse
learners. active-participation-and-experiential-learning

Engage student teachers in activities that foster sensitivity to individual differences,
such as developing personalized learning plans for hypothetical students with varied
50
language learning needs or analyzing classroom scenarios to identify appropriate

teaching adaptations.

Facilitate discussions on the challenges and rewards of teaching language to a diverse
group of learners. Share research findings and teaching experiences that highlight
effective approaches to embracing and supporting individual differences in language
development. practical-applications-and-interactions

Demonstrate practical applications for addressing individual differences in the
classroom, including techniques for creating inclusive lesson plans, implementing
flexible grouping strategies, and utilizing assessment tools that reflect diverse
language competencies. recap-and-synthesis
Recap and Synthesis

Summarize the session by reviewing the importance of recognizing and supporting
individual differences in language development. Use collaborative tools to collect
feedback and suggestions for incorporating these principles into language teaching
practices. real-world-tasks-and-assignments

Assign a project that involves designing a research study or intervention plan focused
on supporting individual differences in language acquisition, encouraging student
teachers to apply their knowledge in innovative ways. anticipating-next-steps-and-
future-learnings

Conclude by discussing how understanding individual differences enhances overall
language education strategies, setting the stage for continued professional
development in accommodating diverse learners.
51
Language and Thought

Language and Thought

Begin with an exploration of the relationship between language and thought,
discussing theories such as linguistic relativity and how language shapes cognitive
processes. Use examples and research findings to illustrate the impact of language on
perception and conceptualization. initial-knowledge-assessment

Conduct an initial assessment to gauge student teachers’ understanding of the
connection between language and thought, utilizing scenarios or questions that prompt
reflection on how language influences thinking and vice versa. defining-key-
competencies

Highlight the key competencies necessary for understanding and teaching the interplay
between language and thought, including critical thinking skills, the ability to analyze
linguistic influences on cognition, and strategies for fostering language development
that supports cognitive growth. active-participation-and-experiential-learning

Engage student teachers in activities that encourage exploration of the language-
thought relationship, such as debates on linguistic relativity, analyses of multilingual
individuals’ experiences, and exercises that demonstrate how language can frame
understanding.

Lead facilitated discussions on the implications of the language-thought connection
for language teaching and learning, incorporating insights from psychology,
linguistics, and education research. practical-applications-and-interactions
52

Demonstrate practical teaching strategies that leverage the relationship between
language and thought, such as using metaphor and storytelling to enhance conceptual
understanding, and integrating language activities that promote critical thinking and
problem-solving skills.
recap-and-synthesis
Recap and Synthesis

Summarize the session by reviewing the theories and evidence discussed regarding
language and thought, and the educational strategies for integrating this knowledge
into language teaching. Encourage a collaborative exchange of ideas and teaching
practices. real-world-tasks-and-assignments

Assign a project that involves designing a language teaching module or activity that
specifically aims to explore and reinforce the connection between language and
cognitive development. anticipating-next-steps-and-future-learnings

Conclude by discussing how the insights into language and thought can inform
broader educational practices and support a holistic approach to language education,
setting the stage for future explorations into language learning and cognitive science.

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1

Unit 1: The Basics of Language Acquisition in Early Childhood

Setting the Stage and Building a Positive Environment

Initial Knowledge Assessment

Defining Key Competencies

Active Participation and Experiential Learning

Facilitated Discussions and Information Sharing

Practical Applications and Interactions

Recap and Synthesis

Real-world Tasks and Assignments

Anticipating Next Steps and Future Learnings

Setting the Stage and Building a Positive Environment

Initial Knowledge Assessment

Defining Key Competencies

Active Participation and Experiential Learning

Facilitated Discussions and Information Sharing

Practical Applications and Interactions

Recap and Synthesis

Real-world Tasks and Assignments

Anticipating Next Steps and Future Learnings

Importance of a Language to young children

Setting the Stage and Building a Positive Environment

Initial Knowledge Assessment

Defining Key Competencies

Active Participation and Experiential Learning

Facilitated Discussions and Information Sharing

Practical Applications and Interactions

Recap and Synthesis

Real-world Tasks and Assignments

Anticipating Next Steps and Future Learnings

The Behaviourist View

Setting the Stage and Building a Positive Environment

Initial Knowledge Assessment

Defining Key Competencies

Active Participation and Experiential Learning

Facilitated Discussions and Information Sharing

Practical Applications and Interactions

Recap and Synthesis

Real-world Tasks and Assignments

Anticipating Next Steps and Future Learnings

The Nativist View

Setting the Stage and Building a Positive Environment

Initial Knowledge Assessment

Defining Key Competencies

Active Participation and Experiential Learning

Facilitated Discussions and Information Sharing

Practical Applications and Interactions

Recap and Synthesis

Real-world Tasks and Assignments

Anticipating Next Steps and Future Learnings

The Cognitivist View

Setting the Stage and Building a Positive Environment

Initial Knowledge Assessment

Defining Key Competencies

Active Participation and Experiential Learning

Facilitated Discussions and Information Sharing

Practical Applications and Interactions

Recap and Synthesis

Real-world Tasks and Assignments

Anticipating Next Steps and Future Learnings