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What I Need To Know

Making generalizations is one of the ways used when reacting or forming judgements on critical
issues that an individual may hear or learn about. Specific details and evidences have to be considered to be
able to draw general ideas or statements that are valid.

Oftentimes, people would clash and have misunderstanding because of the faulty generalizations that
they make. Thus, it is significant for you to learn how to make generalizations as it helps you to be aware of
using your logical thinking and to look for facts before giving your reaction or judgement on any issue.

In this module, you are expected to:

● React to lay value judgement on critical issues that demand sound analysis and call for prompt
actions (UNCODED)
✔ Generalize statements based on critical issues presented.

What I Know
Activity 1: PRE-TEST
Directions: Read the selection in the box, then answer the questions that follow by encircling the
letter of the correct answer.

If there is no communication, employees cannot know what their associates are doing, management
cannot receive information inputs, and management cannot give instruction. Coordination of work
is impossible, and the organization will collapse for lack of it. Cooperation also becomes
impossible, because people cannot communicate their needs and feelings to others. We can say with
some confidence that every act of communication influences the organization in some way.

Source:https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://repository.ut.ac.id/3806/1/PBIS4208-M1.pdf
&ved=2ahUKEwjP-uGBoL3uAhUQrpQKHYmPD-MQFjAAegQIARAB&usg=AOvVaw2YOgQIn2vrf1_aD3dHro9r

1. What is the general idea of the text?

A. Organization cannot exist without communication.
B. When there is no communication, employees cannot know what their associates are doing.
C. Coordination of work is impossible, and the organization will collapse for lack of
communication.
D. Every act of communication influences the organization in some ways.

2. Which of the following do you need to consider when making a generalization?

A. Supporting details based on facts
B. Predictions
C. Rumors
D. Emotion
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 3. Which of the following signals generalization?
A. Generally…
B. For example…
C. The following are…
D. However…

4. How does a generalization become faulty?

A. By providing facts/evidences
B. By mere sharing your ideas/opinions and emotions
C. By giving examples
D. By using logic and sound analysis

5. How do you make a valid generalization?

A. By providing by facts, logic and reasoning, and with several examples
B. By sharing mere opinions
C. By expressing your feelings and emotions
D. By going against the ideas presented

What’s in
Activity 2: A Matter of
Perspective
Look at the editorial
cartoon below. Then
answer the questions that
follow:

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 Source: A Journey Through Anglo-American Literature Learner’s Material English 9, page 217

1. What can you say about the cartoon?

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2. What general idea does it convey?

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What’s New
Activity 3: Digging the Text
Directions: Read and understand the paragraph below then answer the following questions.

Nicotine has various effects on the body. In small doses nicotine serves as a nerve stimulant, entering
the bloodstream and promoting the flow of adrenaline, a stimulating hormone. It speeds up the
heartbeat and may cause it to become irregular. It also raises the blood pressure and reduces the
appetite, and it may cause nausea and vomiting. The known health risks associated with cigarette
smoking, such as damage to the lungs and lung cancer, are thought to be caused by other components
of cigarettes such as tars and other by-products of smoking, and by the irritating effects of smoke on
the lung tissue. Addiction to smoking is caused by nicotine itself. Stopping smoking produces
withdrawal symptoms within 24 to 48 hours, which commonly include irritability, headaches, and
anxiety, in addition to the strong desire to smoke.

(taken from Microsoft®Encarta®Reference Library 2003)

Source:https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://repository.ut.ac.id/3806/1/PBIS4208-M1.pdf&v
ed=2ahUKEwjP-uGBoL3uAhUQrpQKHYmPD-MQFjAAegQIARAB&usg=AOvVaw2YOgQIn2vrf1_aD3dHro9r

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 1. What is the general word used in the paragraph?
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2. What is the general idea of the paragraph?

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3. Where can you find the general idea?

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4. Does the author present the details to support the general idea by using specific facts or examples?
Prove your answer.
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What Is It
Generalization
● A broad statement about a group of people or things.
● When you make a statement about all or most of the people or things together, you are
Making a generalization.
● It states something they have in common.
● There are certain words that signal or give us a clue to recognize generalizations.
– Sometimes – Never – Many – Generally – None
– Always – Most – All – Seldom

● Some generalizations are valid or true, but some are faulty or invalid.
1. Valid Generalizations
− Valid means true
− It is supported by facts.
− It agrees with what you know about the topic.
− It uses logic and reasoning.
− It is proven with several examples.
Example: All birds have wings. – VALID GENERALIZATION
2. Faulty Generalizations
− Faulty means false
− It is not supported by facts.
− Watch for key words: none, all, always, never, everyone and nobody.
Example: All animals have four legs. – FAULTY GENERALIZATION

What’s More
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Activity 4: Picture Analysis
Directions: Formulate general statements based on the issue presented on each picture below.
1.

Source: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Black-Lives-Matter

2.

Source:https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.forbes.com/sites/advisor/2020/04/14/coronavirus-conce
rns-will-less-income-or-job-loss-hurt-your-credit-score/amp/

3.

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 Source:https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/01/08/954967079/coronavirus-faq-how-do-i
-protect-myself-from-the-u-k-variant

4.

Source:
https://www.google.com/amp/s/kami.com.ph/amp/111709-current-global-issues-ways-address-2020.
html

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 5.

Source:
https://news.yale.edu/2020/06/22/study-shows-pandemics-impact-hours-worked-us-small-businesses

Activity 5: Making Generalization

Directions: Make a general statement on each of the following passages. Write your answer on the space
provided.

1. Each letter in Spanish generally represents one sound while a letter in English may represent many
sounds. The letter in Spanish is always pronounced "ee" (as in the Spanish word isla). The same
letter in English represents many sounds, as in the words island, Indian, and machine. In addition,
Spanish has some symbols which English does not use. For example, Spanish includes accent marks
on some vowels (television). English words do not have accent marks (television). Spanish has an
upside-down question mark before questions (Vienes?), but English does not (Are you coming?).

Source:https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://repository.ut.ac.id/3806/1/PBIS4208-M1.pdf&
ved=2ahUKEwjP-uGBoL3uAhUQrpQKHYmPD-MQFjAAegQIARAB&usg=AOvVaw2YOgQIn2vrf1_aD3dHro9r
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

2. Formal letters are written to businesses, schools, or government offices. Informal letters are for
relatives, friends, or former teachers. You may write an informal letter by hand, but you should type

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 a formal letter. An informal letter can be as long as you want it to be whereas a formal letter should
be short, two or three paragraphs. You should use formal language in letters to businesses but
informal language in letters to your friends. For example, in a formal letter you may say, "I would
appreciate your sending me the materials which I have requested." In an informal letter you may say,
"Please send me the papers I asked you for."

(taken from Skillful Reading:136)

Source:https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://repository.ut.ac.id/3806/1/PBIS4208-M1.pdf&
ved=2ahUKEwjP-uGBoL3uAhUQrpQKHYmPD-MQFjAAegQIARAB&usg=AOvVaw2YOgQIn2vrf1_aD3dHro9r
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

3. First, some vitamins dissolve in water. When vegetables are cooked in water, the vitamins go into the
water. If the water is thrown away, the vitamins are lost. In addition, heat, light, and oxygen change
some vitamins. If vegetables are cooked, the heat changes some of the vitamins. Then these vitamins
are no longer healthful. For instance, broiling grapefruit destroys some of its vitamin C. Finally,
people sometimes throw away the part of a plant which has the most vitamins. For example, when
flour is processed, the wheat germ, which is very rich in vitamins, is lost.

Source:https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://repository.ut.ac.id/3806/1/PBIS4208-M1.pdf&
ved=2ahUKEwjP-uGBoL3uAhUQrpQKHYmPD-MQFjAAegQIARAB&usg=AOvVaw2YOgQIn2vrf1_aD3dHro9r
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

Activity 6: Complete Me
Directions: Complete the statements below.

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 To be able to make my generalization valid, I need to
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To avoid making faulty generalization, it is important for me to

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What I Can Do
Activity 7: Look for More
Directions: Look for an article listened from radio, watched from TV, or taken from online news report, or
any informative talk or speech about a critical issue that the world faces today. Fill in the table with the
complete information needed. You will be rated according to the rubrics.

RUBRICS
5 POINTS 4 POINTS 3 POINTS 2 POINTS 1 POINT
(Excellent) (Satisfactory) (Fair)
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 (Very (Did not meet
Satisfactory) expectations)

Student was able to Student was able to Student was able to Student was able to Student was able to
give appropriate give appropriate give appropriate give appropriate give appropriate
and complete information only in information only in information only in information only in
information needed 4 columns. 3 columns. 2 columns. 1 column.
in all columns.

Title of article Source General idea Details/evidences Is it a valid or

/news program/talk (book, magazine, taken from what to support your faulty
or speech radio or TV you’ve read or general idea generalization?
station, web listened to
address or URL,
with date and
time)

1.

2.

Assessment
Let us check how well you have mastered the lesson in this module.
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

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1. Which of the following statements can be considered faulty generalization about the environmental
issues that we face today?

A. All people in this generation are to be blamed for all the calamities and disasters that the world
faces today.
B. Reckless people are the main cause of the world’s environmental problems.
C. The worst environmental problems that we encounter in this generation are mainly brought by
our selfish decision and careless actions.
D. The truth is humans are greatly affected by the consequences of our own wrong doings.

2. What valid generalization can you make from the image presented below?

Source: https://www.bpin.it/3ZPpVTq

A. People are protesting to fight for the rights of the black.

B. Only those who are exceptionally brave among people can fight against injustice.
C. Heroic people risk their lives to save others.
D. Nobody cares about his/her life.

3. Which of the following statements is the best generalization about the issue on gender equality?
A. All human beings are equal regardless of their gender.
B. Men have strengths that women don’t have.
C. Women play vital roles that men can never do.
D. One’s value is not defined by his/her gender.

4. Which of the following details support the general statement below about COVID-19?

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is one of the most infectious diseases that has ever hit
mankind.

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 A. Most people who fall ill due to COVID-19 experience mild to moderate symptoms and recover
without special treatment.
B. This virus can be transmitted through droplets generated when an infected person coughs,
sneezes, or exhales.
C. You can be infected by breathing in the virus if you are within close proximity of someone who
has COVID-19, or by touching a contaminated surface and then your eyes, nose or mouth.
D. Nobody is vulnerable to coronavirus disease.

For items 5 and 6, read the text below.

Ginger is one of my best friends. When I enter my home, she races to greet me with kisses
and excited leaps. She acts like it’s been eight days since she’s seen me, instead of the actual
eight hours. Her coat is honey born; her eyes are large and loving.
She’s a six-month old spaniel puppy, a breed originally intended to hunt birds in England.
Her faithful companionship comforts me when I’m sad or sick. Her playfulness makes me
laugh when she races after a toy I’ve tossed. All spaniels make perfect pets.
Source: https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/gherm6/making-generalizations-30100891

5. What generalization is found in the passage? •

A. All spaniels make perfect pets.
B. Spaniel is a six-month old puppy.
C. Spaniel is a breed originally intended to hunt birds in England.
D. Spaniel is Ginger’s best friend.

6. How does the author support her ideas?

A. The author supports it by facts.
B. The author expresses her own opinions.
C. The author uses logic and reasoning.
D. The author proves it with several examples.

7. How do you make a valid generalization?

A. We make valid generalization by using logic and reasoning.
B. We make valid generalization by proving it with one example only.
C. We make valid generalization by using different key words.
D. We make valid generalization by not supporting it with facts.

8. What is faulty with this generalization?

Chocolate is everyone’s favorite dessert.

A. The speaker in the sentence claims that chocolate is loved by everyone which is not proven with
evidence.
B. The speaker is expressing his/her own opinions.
C. The speaker uses logic and reasoning.
D. The speaker supports his/her ideas with facts.

9. What is the general idea in the paragraph below?

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 Man has always wanted to improve his appearance. Early man put on animal skins and hung
strings of beads and stones around his neck. He decorated himself with paint, tattoos, and
scars. Bark, leaves, straw, feathers, or whatever material were closest at hand were turned into
clothing.

Source:https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://repository.ut.ac.id/38
06/1/PBIS4208-M1.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjP-uGBoL3uAhUQrpQKHYmPD-MQFjAAegQIAR
AB&usg=AOvVaw2YOgQIn2vrf1_aD3dHro9r

A. He decorated himself with paint, tattoos, and scars.

B. Early man put on animal skins and hung strings of beads and stones around his neck.
C. Man wants to improve his appearance.
D. Bark, leaves, straw, feathers, or whatever material were closest at hand were turned into clothing

10. What general idea could you draw from the passage below?

In 1928, Amelia Earhart became the first woman to cross the Atlantic Ocean as a passenger in an
airplane. In 1932, she became the first woman pilot to fly solo across the Atlantic. Later that year,
she was the first woman to fly the United States from New Jersey to California. Earhart set
records in flying times and won many awards.
(taken from All About the USA)
Source:https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://repository.ut.ac.id/3806/
1/PBIS4208-M1.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjP-uGBoL3uAhUQrpQKHYmPD-MQFjAAegQIARAB&u
sg=AOvVaw2YOgQIn2vrf1_aD3dHro9r

A. Amelia Earhart was a famous woman in her time.

B. Amelia Earhart barely achieved anything during her time.
C. Amelia Earhart failed to achieve her dream.
D. Amelia Earhart was an inspiration for all.

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ANSWER KEY

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References:
BOOKS
Almonte, Liza R. , Lerma L. Flandez, Nedia lagustan, Henone de Paz-langutan, Dream Rose O. Malayo,
Liberty A. Mangaluz, Elenita R. Miranda, Lito A. Palomar, Adelia Chua-Soliaban, And Grace Annette B.
Soriano. A Journey Through Anglo-American Literature Learner’s Material: Pasig City: Vibal Group Inc,
2014, 217

ONLINE SOURCES
Slideshare. “Making Generalizations”. Accessed January 28, 2021.
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/gherm6/making-generalizations-30100891

Iswahyuni, S.PD. “General and Specific Terms Module1-PDF”. Accessed January 28, 2021.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://repository.ut.ac.id/3806/1/PBIS4208-M1.p
df&ved=2ahUKEwjP-uGBoL3uAhUQrpQKHYmPD-MQFjAAegQIARAB&usg=AOvVaw2YOgQIn2vrf1_
aD3dHro9r

IMAGES
Meyer, Maddie.“Black lives matter”. Britannica. Accessed January 28, 2021
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Black-Lives-Matter
Cummings, Mike. “Business Closure”. Yale News. Accessed January 28,
2021,https://news.yale.edu/2020/06/22/study-shows-pandamics-impact-hours-worked-us-small-businesses
Akmen, Tolga. “COVID-19”. Goats and Soda. Accessed January 28, 2021,
https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/01/08/954967079/coronavirus-faq-how-do-i-protect-myself
-from-the-u-k-variant
Osoro, Yul Vincent. “Environmental Issue”. Kami. Accessed January 28, 2021,
https://www.google.com/amp/s/kami.com.ph/amp/111709-current-global-issues-ways-address-2020.html
Black Michelle. “Loss of Job/Income”. Forbes. Accessed January 28, 2021
https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.forbes.com/sites/advisor/2020/04/14/coronavirus-concerns-will-less-in
come-or-job-loss-hurt-your-credit-score/amp/

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 My Final Farewell
Farewell, dear Fatherland, clime of the sun caress'd Let the sun draw the vapors up to the sky,
Pearl of the Orient seas, our Eden lost!, And heavenward in purity bear my tardy protest
Gladly now I go to give thee this faded life's best, Let some kind soul o 'er my untimely fate sigh,
And were it brighter, fresher, or more blest And in the still evening a prayer be lifted on high
Still would I give it thee, nor count the cost. From thee, 0 my country, that in God I may rest.
On the field of battle, 'mid the frenzy of fight, Pray for all those that hapless have died,
Others have given their lives, without doubt or heed; For all who have suffered the unmeasur'd pain;
The place matters not-cypress or laurel or lily white, For our mothers that bitterly their woes have cried,
Scaffold or open plain, combat or martyrdom's plight, For widows and orphans, for captives by torture tried
T is ever the same, to serve our home and country's need. And then for thyself that redemption thou mayst gain
I die just when I see the dawn break, And when the dark night wraps the graveyard around
Through the gloom of night, to herald the day; With only the dead in their vigil to see
And if color is lacking my blood thou shalt take, Break not my repose or the mystery profound
Pour'd out at need for thy dear sake And perchance thou mayst hear a sad hymn resound
To dye with its crimson the waking ray. 'T is I, O my country, raising a song unto thee.
My dreams, when life first opened to me, And even my grave is remembered no more
My dreams, when the hopes of youth beat high, Unmark'd by never a cross nor a stone
Were to see thy lov'd face, O gem of the Orient sea Let the plow sweep through it, the spade turn it o'er
From gloom and grief, from care and sorrow free; That my ashes may carpet earthly floor,
No blush on thy brow, no tear in thine eye. Before into nothingness at last they are blown.
Dream of my life, my living and burning desire, Then will oblivion bring to me no care
All hail ! cries the soul that is now to take flight; As over thy vales and plains I sweep;
All hail ! And sweet it is for thee to expire ; Throbbing and cleansed in thy space and air
To die for thy sake, that thou mayst aspire; With color and light, with song and lament I fare,
And sleep in thy bosom eternity's long night. Ever repeating the faith that I keep.
If over my grave some day thou seest grow, My Fatherland ador'd, that sadness to my sorrow lends
In the grassy sod, a humble flower, Beloved Filipinas, hear now my last good-by!
Draw it to thy lips and kiss my soul so, I give thee all: parents and kindred and friends
While I may feel on my brow in the cold tomb below For I go where no slave before the oppressor bends,
The touch of thy tenderness, thy breath's warm power. Where faith can never kill, and God reigns e'er on high!
Let the moon beam over me soft and serene, Farewell to you all, from my soul torn away,
Let the dawn shed over me its radiant flashes, Friends of my childhood in the home dispossessed!
Let the wind with sad lament over me keen ; Give thanks that I rest from the wearisome day!
And if on my cross a bird should be seen, Farewell to thee, too, sweet friend that lightened my way; Beloved
Let it trill there its hymn of peace to my ashes. creatures all, farewell! In death there is rest!

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