Summary

This study focused on the factors influencing the career choices among Grade
12 Senior High School Students of Gonzalo Aler National High. To comprehend this
end, the following objectives were answered: 1) Demographic profile of the
respondents in terms of age ,gender, strand and monthly income; 2) Identify the
factors that influence the career choices of the Grade 12 Senior High School
Students; 3) Determine what recommendation can be made to address factors
influencing the career choices.

Base on the results in Chapter 4, most of the respondents who answered are
aged 16-17 years old, with the highest frequency of 46 or 44 percent, while the
lowest number of respondents who answered are aged 22 above, with the lowest
frequency of 7 or 7 percent. When it comes to gender , there are more mala
respondents with the frequency of 59 or 57 percent, while female respondents have
a frequency of 45 or 43 percent. The respondents of this research study, which are
Grade 12 students, are divided into five sections; it consist of 104 target
respondents. In the Likert scale

Conclusion
In the development of this study, the res

Based on the findings, the researchers concluded that the students

considered their social status. Most of the respondents noticed some problems ;
some difficulty with their personal problem and financial problem. Moreover some
respondents are more interested in their chosen major. Exploring things in work,
students decide their choice of career and of the reason; they want to learn
something out of their discovery, exploration and curiosity. Students find their choice
during their childhood a framework to their future career. It serves as their guide to
the path they’ll pursue for their life. Despite of their Interest and Passion they have
difficulties in pursuing their chosen career, with the reason of financial consideration
and Educational Resources. However they are following the wants of their family and
sometimes with the influence of their friends.
Recommendations
The following are offered based on the findings and conclusion of the study.

• The researchers recommend and should provide seminars to enhance the

awareness of students regarding the Factors Influencing the Career Choices.

• The researchers recommend and should have parental guidance. This will help
students to monitor their behavior and attitude in choosing their career.

• The researchers recommend to Educate students in terms of choosing a career in

order to further their knowledge.

• The researchers recommend to create a tarpaulin that contains ideas about Career
Choices and make an activity that enhances the career choices.

• The researchers highly recommend that the future researchers, the incoming
Grade 12 to seek further study and cope up with a complex way to ensure the
students can now understand the Factors that will influence on their career choices.

GONZALO ALER NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Brgy. Alayao, Capalonga Camarines Norte
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Factors Influencing the Career Choice Among Grade 12 Senior High

School Students of Gonzalo Aler National High School
A Research Paper Presented to the Faculty of Senior High School of Gonzalo Aler
National High School
In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Subjects
PRACTICAL RESEARCH

Grade 12 – GAS

Melody N. Comple

Marry Mae Fusin

John Eric Lapak

Lito Libantino

Marc Leo Magdaraog

John Paul Marquez

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Background of the Study
Career choice is one of the most significant dilemmas and challenges in any
student’s life. It involves an interplay of many factors which are intricately intertwined.
It is not a straightforward task and involves a complex process of decision-making.
According to Bandura, Barbaranelli, Caprara, and Pastorelli (2019), an individual’s
environment, talents, skills, and academic achievement influence career choice. In
case of a wrong choice, it may lead to resultant failure and disappointment.
Career selection is among many important choices students will make in
determining plans. This decision will impact them throughout their lives. The essence
of who the student is will revolve around what the student wants to do with their life-
long work. Basavage (2021, p.1), in her thesis, asked, "What is it that influences
children one way or another?" Over the school's front door at Rindge School of
Technical Arts is the saying, "Work is one of our greatest blessings. Everyone should
have an honest occupation" (Rosenstock & Steinberg, cited in O'Brien, 2020, p. 3).
Every student carries the unique history of their past, and this determines how they
view the world. That history created, in part by the student's environment,
personality, and opportunity, will determine how students make career choices. It
then follows that how the student perceives their environment, personality, and
opportunity also will determine the career choices students make.
The first factor in career choice, environment, may influence the career
students choose. For example, students who have lived on an island may choose a
career dealing with the water, or they may choose to leave the island behind, never
to have anything to do with water again. Maybe someone in the student’s life has
made a significant impact or impression, leading to a definite career choice. Parents”
educational background may influence student views on continuing their education.
Adolescents who have recently graduated from high school may encounter
significant difficulty as they prepare to enter the larger and more sophisticated world
of college life. What would be their line of action? What course of action should they
take is the most challenging question for them to answer. Indeed, adopting a
sensible job choice is one of the most significant yet complex decisions a young
person will make in life. Even though a few fortunate teenagers appear to be able to
make such selections easily, others appear to be having difficulty making such
decisions, and many seek expert assistance. This time, they must think a hundred
times about what course they will take because this will influence the development of
their future professional lives. To avoid going into too much detail, it is often the case
that the formation of unhappy misfits in the world of work begins the moment
someone steps on the very first rung of the collegiate level of education. Many young
people embark on an occupational journey with little knowledge of where they are
going, what they should do, or what they can expect from their chosen professions.
A student's career choice is one of the most significant problems and
obstacles that they face during their academic career. It entails the exchange of
many intricately intertwined components. According to Nyamwarge (2022), a
student's current circumstances, gifts, abilities, and scholarly achievements all
influence career choice. It is not an easy task; it entails a lengthy decision-making
process. Students must consider various factors, particularly during this pandemic,
which causes them to second-guess their choices. Disappointment and frustration
are likely to follow in a poor choice. According to research, a student's career choice
is influenced by their home, school, and social environment. Financial considerations
influence their career choices, as they must pay for family expenses. Many studies
have found that factors like fitness, life circumstances, and academic achievement
affect career choices (Kazi et al., A. 2019). Students' career choices will impact the
remainder of their lives. Students' career choices were influenced by their grades,
ages, personal interests, and experiences, among other factors, and it was through
their educational experiences that these students determined what they wanted to
accomplish in their future careers (Quinter et al., 2020). Senior high school students
also said that factors like decision-making, motivation, peer pressure, institutional
concerns, and future job prospects, among other things, influenced their decisions.

Career choices require high creativity, experimentation, decision-making, and

sound judgment. To generate and nurture interest in a particular career, it is critical to
have a working knowledge of that field. Self-defining activities necessary for an
individual's soul, heart, and power are powerfully attracted to passion. Professional
success is most likely to occur when an individual's career path is aligned with his
talents, personality, background, and intelligence. Numerous students make
decisions based on personal preferences rather than what the labor market requires.
According to the findings, it takes passion to comprehend entrepreneurship and its
processes (Magdadaro, 2020). Additionally, the type of sources used to gather
information about the course of study influences the determination of this degree of
ambition. Role expectations, for example, vary significantly within the family unit and
the occupational social system. In the home, a person's characteristics are
evaluated, whereas their performance on the job is evaluated (Guney et al.; M.,
2019). Employees who develop and administer professional programs have been
able to advance their careers and increase their organizations' commitment to
professionalism (Ismail, 2023). It is especially advantageous for students who attend
larger schools or live in areas with abundant career opportunities. It is a good idea to
investigate your career options. High school students must determine which strand
best fits their personality and is closest to their heart.
Senior high school (SHS) is the final two years of the Philippines' new six-year
secondary education system. Rather than simply preparing students for
postsecondary education, the SHS Curriculum aims to prepare students for either
higher education or work Academics. The Academic Course is divided into four
strands: Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMMS), Accounting, Business, and
Management (ABM), Science, Technology, and Engineering (STEM), General
Academic Strand, and Technical Vocational Course (TVL). Adopting the K-12
program by the government will assist students in developing their abilities,
increasing their competence, and grasping and coping with their college journey. The
curriculum has been changed to better meet the needs of students in the area by
letting them choose a specialization that fits their interests.

Statement of the Problem

 This study aimed to determine the factors that influence the career
choices among senior high school students.

Specifically, this research seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What are the factors that influence the career choices of the
students?
2. How do those factors influence the career choices of the Senior
High students?
3. What recommendation can be made to address factors
influencing the students' career choices identified in the study?
4. What future studies can be made based on the findings of the
study?

Hypothesis

Ho:There is no significant relationship between the factors influencing the

career choices among Grade 12 Senior High School Students of Gonzalo Aler
National High School.

Scope and Delimitation

This study aims to identify the factors influencing the career choices
among Grade 12 senior high school students of Gonzalo Aler National High
School enrolled in 2023- 2024. Through this research, the researchers will also
be able to gather suggestions from the respondents and help the researchers
formulate solutions and recommendations for improving the school administrators,
students, and parents. The primary data-gathering instrument will be a
questionnaire given to the senior high school students.

The study's respondents were the Grade 12 Senior High School Students
of Gonzalo Aler National High School. The frequency of the respondents is taken
per section. The number of respondents was determined through Slovin’s
Formula. Stratified random sampling was employed to determine the sample for
the research instruments.

Significance of the Study

 The findings of the study were expected to help. Determine the factors
affecting the career choice decision of Senior High School students. In line with the
main task of the research, this paper might be beneficial to the following individuals:

Students. The study guided in making the right career choice considering the
different factors.

Parents. The study can assist and guide their children to choose the right
course, considering the different factors influencing career choice decisions.

Teachers. The study served as a reference for future teacher development

programs to better prepare students for college readiness. The findings of the study
could help them work more effectively and efficiently.

Administrators. This study can be a basis for possible curricular redirection

and program development of the school.

Future Researchers. The study served as a reference for future research.

This can guide future researchers in doing research papers, and the findings can be
used for additional information they would need to improve their research related to
this study. The study will also help strengthen the conviction of schools on the need
for conducting studies specifically on factors influencing the career choice decisions
of students.

Notes
Bandura, Barbaranelli, Caprara, and Pastorelli (2001)

https://doi.org/10.5171/2017.718849

Basavage (1996, p.1) https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.48158

Nyamwarge (2016) Career choice factors of high school students (Doctoral

dissertation, University of Wisconsin- Stout) http://www.aensiweb.net/AENSIWE

Rosenstock & Steinberg, cited in O'Brien, 1996, p. 3

https://www.cepsj.si/index.php/cepsj/article/view/

Kazi, A. S., & Akhlaq, A. 2017 51-54.

https://www.utm.edu/departments/m

Quinter et al., 2011 https://www.academia.edu/34876760/

Arthur, M. B., & Rousseau, D. M. (1996). A Career Lexicon for the 21st Century. The
Academy of Management Executive, 10(4): 28-39.

CHAPTER 2
 Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter presents the selected literature and studies both from foreign
and local authors, magazines, books, websites, and article which provides valuable
insights and the deepest understanding of the researchers' present study. It also
involved a theoretical and conceptual framework appropriate to the study and served
as a basis for relevant information and adapt findings to make this as valid as
possible it may be. The reviews gave the researchers a broader knowledge to help
them in identifying the gap to be bridged which aimed to find out The Factors
Influencing the Career Choice of the Grade 12 Senior High School Students of
Gonzalo Aler National High School.

Review of Literature

Foreign Literature

Ghuangpeng (2021) defines career preference as a process which occurs

when an individual, especially students, chooses a particular career for college.
However, choosing a career is not an easy decision for students as it determines
their future in the field of work (Edwards & Quinter, 2020).

The choices are anchored on how they perceive a profession, and most of
them will select one which they think is the most suitable (Super, Savicks and Super,
as cited by Gavo, 2022). Career preferences of individuals also vary since people
are different from each other in terms of personality, behavior, age, environment and
etc. (Hewitt, 2019). Thus, a profession which interests one person may not be similar
to another person's interest (Gavo, 2022).

According to Pafili and Mylonakis (2011), when students are able to select
the right career, they can effectively use their knowledge and skills which could help
on the development and welfare of the society. Yet, some students may not have
sufficient knowledge and understanding about the right career to pursue.

According to Kerka(2019),career choices is influenced by multiple factor

including personality, interests, self concept , cultural identity, globalization,
socialization, role model, social support and available resources such as information
and financial.

According to Ferry(2022)further asserts that adolescent occupational choice is

influenced by many factors including the context, personal aptitudes, and
educational attainment. He contends further that whether college-bound or work-
bound, meeting the challenge of this development milestone is critical in adolescents
line

Local Literature

Proper counseling is necessary. Helping individuals explore their various

options is one of the main purpose or role of guidance and counseling. In addition,
vocational guidance counseling is a guidance and counseling service which allows
guidance counselors to help individuals acquire needed competencies to help in
planning for the right career (Pascual, 2022). However, aside from career planning,
extensive career research before choosing a career should also be considered by an
individual to adapt with socio-economic changes nowadays

The Philippine government firmly believes that the strength of a nation relies
upon the strength of its education system (Sergio, 2021). Thus, in accordance with
this belief, the government implemented the K to 12 Program which is considered as
one of the significant reforms in the Philippine Educational System.

According to the Department of Education (2019), the program covers

kindergarten and 12 years of basic education (six years of primary education, four
years of Junior High School, and two years of Senior High School) to provide
sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills, develop lifelong learners, and
prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skills development,
employment, and entrepreneurship. In addition, before entering to college, high
school students are already given the opportunity to select from tracks and strands
offered by schools (Official Gazette of the Philippines).

Career is an occupation undertaken for a significant period of a person’s life

and with opportunities for progress. Career has many different choices that students
have but they still need to decide to the best career they can pursue. According to
Torres (2023)
 Many students believe that to live a comfortable lifestyle they need to be
economically stable”. When these students look into a major or a career path, they
seek out the higher salary jobs or they look for major that involves the most job
security .According also to (Beggs,et. Al 2021).Financial aspects that students
consider includes high earning potential, benefit and opportunities for
advancement.

Related Studies

Local Studies

As this study focuses on the factors that affect the Senior High School career
preference of students, a study conducted by Abarro (2019) is related. The main
objective of the study was to craft a program for Senior High School in the University
of Rizal System. Specifically it sought to determine the (1) selected career tracks and
strands of the Grade12 students in public high school in the Division of Antipolo City
and Rizal, (2) variables associated with the career tracks and strands selected by
students.

Braza and Guillo (2021) determined the career choice of high school students
in different private institutions in San Jose Batangas as a basis for developing a
career program guide to assist students in choosing their career. The researcher
also used a descriptive research method together with a questionnaire and
standardized test to gather the needed data. 189 grade 9 students were randomly
selected from the total population of 358 students of private institutions in San Jose,
Batangas during the school year 2020-2021.

In the study of Hernandez (2020) Most students' career choices are

influenced by many factors like outcome expectancies. individual variants such as
sex, personal interests, learning experiences, environmental factors, etc. In addition,
individuals are likely to have a successful career if they choose a career based on
their strengths and capabilities.

A pilot study on career preference was conducted by Benitez et al. (2021)

which aimed to determine the influences of various factors such as age, gender,
location, paternal and maternal occupation and their education levels on the career
preference of Year 12 students in Quezon.
 A study on career choices in Ilocos by Aguado (2019) indicates that the
students had an external locus of control and believes that there are numerous
external factors which influence their career choices. These external factors include
political, and economic considerations, previous work experience and the influence
of key individuals in a person’s life.

Foreign Studies
In a study by Natalie (2022), young adults through interaction with the context
of family, school and community learn about and explore careers which ultimately
lead to their career choice. One consistent finding in research suggests that
adolescents’ own aspirations are influenced by their parent’s aspirations or
expectations. Parental support and encouragement are important factors that have
been found to influence career choice

In a study by Perrone et al., (2019) on role model influence on the career

decisiveness of college students, it was found that role model supportiveness, and
quality of relationship contributed to the career choice of students. The same study
indicated that majority of the students selected same gender role models.

According to Oyamo and Amoth (2023), studies in Kenya show that rural
students tend to seek help from parents more than urban students and that parents
more than teachers play a major role in the career choice of students. Generally, the
choice of a career is influenced by parents, friends, and counselors however
variations occur from one population to the other.

A Study on career choice in Ethiopia by Stebleton (2020) indicated that the

students had an external locus of control and believes that there are numerous
external factors which influence their career choices. These external factors include;
political and economic considerations, previous work experience and the influence of
key individuals in a person’s life.

Pummel, Harwood and Lavallee (2019) reports that external influences that
helps to shape an individual’s career choice are also influenced by significant others
through social support from peers.
Synthesis

Choosing a career such as choosing a career for Senior High School is one of
the complex decisions that students have to go through before they achieve their
goals in life. Furthermore, during the process of making a choice or decision, various
factors emerge which could help or make it more difficult for an individual,
specifically students. For instance, when a student undergoes counseling, he/she
could gain enough information regarding the career he she wants to pursue in
college. Thus, it could help the student identify if his/her abilities and skills match
with what the career demands. The student could then decide to continue to pursue
the career or choose from his/her other career options.

Meanwhile, the opportunity that students receive, especially in the level of

education, is one of the factors that could help or prevent a student from choosing
his/her ideal career. Students who receive the best quality of education could easily
choose a career, while students who receive poor quality of education can
experience difficulty in selecting a career since various factors influence their
decision. To maximize the benefits and lessen the unwanted effects of these factors,
the government implemented the K to 12 program, which adds two additional years
in high school. The program aims to hone the skills and competencies of students to
help them prepare for college and acquire a better job in the future.

Furthermore. Even though some studies have already been conducted

regarding the career preference or choice of high school students, these studies
didn't involve Senior High School students in the Philippines and their chosen track
and strand. This may be because the Senior High School program was just recently
implemented. With this, the researchers aim to determine the factors that influence
the Senior High School Track and Strand preference of Grade 12 students in
Gonzalo Aler National High School.
 Theoretical Framework and Paradigm

SOCIAL COGNITIVE
CAREER THEORY

(SCCT)

SOCIAL
SUPPER’S
LEARNING
THEORY
THEORY

Figure 1. Theoretical Paradigm

The following theories are being shown in order to support the research
paper. In the first theory the researcher used the Super's Theory. In these theory it
consists of three original constructs (Sharf 2019). These are the career development,
self-concept and lastly the career maturity. (Sharf 2019). Super constructed the
concept of career development as a process. Super's theory is referred to as a life
span-life-space approach (Brown, et al., 2019). Vocational maturity or career
maturity refers to the ability of a person to master a task or behavior as expected of
such an individual at a certain development stage. It asses the maturity level of
individuals development with respect to careers (Osipow, 2021). Vocational maturity
should include. He readiness to make appropriate careers decisions (Kerka,
2019.p.2), according to super's, self-concept changes over time, and develops as
results of experience. As such, career development is life- long.
 Social cognitive career theory (SCCT) is latively theory that is aimed at
explaining three interrelated aspects of career development.:(1) How basic academic
and career interest develop (2) How educational and career choice are made and (3)
How academic and career success is obtained. The theory incorporates a variety of
concepts the interest, abilities and environment factors that appears in earlier career
theories and this have been found to affect career development. Developed by
Robert W. Lent. Steven D. Brown, and Gail Hackett in 2021, SCCT is based on
Albert Bandura's general social cognitive theory, an influential theory of cognitive and
motivational processes that has been extended to the study of many areas of
psychosocial functioning, such as academic performance, health behavior, and
organizational development Three intricately linked variables self-efficacy beliefs,
outcome expectations, and goals-serve as the basic building blocks of SCCT, Self-
efficacy refers to an individual's personal beliefs about his or her capabilities to
perform particular behaviors or courses of action. Unlike global confidence or self-
esteem, self-efficacy beliefs are relatively dynamic (ie., changeable) and are specific
to particular activity domains. People vary in their self-efficacy regarding the
behaviors required in different occupational domains. For example, one person might
feel very confident in being able to accomplish tasks for successful entry into, and
performance in, scientific fields but feel much less confident about his or her abilities
in social or enterprising fields, such as sales. SCCT assumes that people are likely
to become interested in, choose to pursue, and perform better at activities at which
they have strong self-efficacy beliefs. as long as they also have necessary skills and
environmental supports to pursue these activities.

The Social Learning Theory by Krumboltz is relevant to this study because it

includes environmental factors such as family, the leaming environment and gender.
Our behavior is shaped by beliefs about ourselves and how we relate to society
(Schnorr & Ware, 2001). According to Lavelle, Gordon, & Grove (2022), people make
assumptions and generalizations about themselves and the world of work based on
their limited experiences. In this case, students in high schools have limited
experiences to choose an appropriate career hence the need for a counsellor and/or
a supportive environment. In short, Krumboltz's theory of career decision making and
development is based on social leaming or environmental conditions, genetic
 influences and learning experiences. People choose their careers based on what
they have learned.

Conceptual Framework and Paradigm

OUTPUT
INPUT PROCESS

- Senior High - Factors

Distributing Influencing the
School Students
questionnaires to Career Choices
who have career
the sample group. among Grade 12
indecision
and compilation Senior High
- Factors that of the gathered School Students
influence to their data. of Gonzalo Aler
career choices National High
School

Figure 2. IPO model as the study’s of Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework consists of the grade 12 senior high school

students who have career indecision, and the factors that influence to their career
choice. The distribution of questionnaires to the chosen respondents will be the key
process of the framework. The data gathered will be compiled and tallied for the
benefit of the research.

For this reason, the percentage of the senior high school students with career
indecision will be identified, along with the factors that contribute to their career
choice. The output will be the result of this research. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is
a motivational theory that was presented by Abraham Maslow himself in 1943. There
are five needs shown through a pyramid chart in which an individual is required to
fulfill them. It consists of physiological, safety, love belonging, and esteem, before
progressing to the highest tier, self-actualization (McLeod, 2018).

Self-esteem is the confidence and satisfaction of oneself, or self-respect. High

self-esteem allows an individual to gain confidence, and is able to give value to
themselves. and avoid the dilemma of being unskilled, or lack in knowledge and
experience. Self-esteem also gives an individual a positivity, and the means to be
happier. The positivity in expressing oneself in most situations is assured with high
self-esteem. In contrast, individuals with less self-esteem are bound to exploit
unwanted, negative expressions and negativity, and are having difficulty in
expressing themselves. They are unable to value themselves as they question their
own abilities to understand, and perform with the use of their known skills. These
kinds of individuals are very much prone to career indecision as it leads to having
uncertainty in decision-making (Oswalt, 2019).

Consequently, individuals with high self-esteem are able to realize their self-
worth and recognize their own ability or skill as a useful tool to achieve certain
things. The presence of self-actualization within an individual is able to comprehend
their own limitations thus, the ability to be certain in decision-making would serve
them well as a positive traits. Once self-esteem is gained, career decisiveness will
also be attained, which in turn lead to self actualization.

Definition of Terms

Career- traditionally refers to a "professional work of life" and has been

associated with the terms vocation, occupation, work and job (Patton and McMahon,
as cited by Ghuangpeng, 2011). In this study, it refers to what the students will take
and focus on in Senior High School and in college.

Career Choice- the selection of a particular path or vocation in terms of

career. This is usually influenced by parental guidance, vocational counseling, and
training opportunities. It is also affected by personal preference and identification
with figures and role models.

Career Preference- refers to the choice of an individual in which he/she

chooses a course to acquire a job in the future (Braza and Guillo, 2015). In this
study, it is refers to students' chosen Senior High School track and
strand/specialization.

Decision-making- refers to the process of identifying and selecting a solution

to solve a problem (Al-Tarawneh, 2019). In this study, it refers to how students weigh
their options in making a career preference or choice.

Employability - refers to an individual's capacity to function effectively in a role

and be able to move between occupations (The University of Edinburgh, 2016). In
this study, it refers to one of the factors which could influence the Senior High School
track and strand preference of students.

Factors- The contributing possibility, outcome or result. The factors that given
in this research were emotional intelligence, parental influence, anxiety, self-efficacy,
emotional state, and self-esteem.

Influence- It is the effect and impact that affects the student who is in the state
of decision-making. Previously stated example are parental influence, culture
influence. Influence of peers and the influence of the current emotional state.

Notes
Guapheng (2021). Factors that affect students' career choice in accounting A
case of Bahir Dar University students. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting
 (Edwards & Quinter, 2020) "Influences on school leavers career decisions".
The International Journal of Management

Super, Savicks and Super, as cited by Gavo, 2022) Factors inducing career
choice: Comparative study of five leading professions in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal
of Commerce and Social Sciences, 8(3): 830-845.

Pafili and Mylonakis (2011) Impact of educational aspirations on vocational

choices of the female secondary school students on Ondo West local Government
area of Ondo State, Nigeria European Scientific Journal.

According to Lavelle, Gordon, & Grove (2022) Social influence and

occupational knowledge as predictors of career choice intentions among
undergraduate students in Tanzania. International Journal of Learning &
Development.

Pummel, Harwood and Lavallee (2019). Do Tanzanian undergraduate

students choose or hunt for their degree programmers International Journal of
Higher Education.

CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
 Methodology involves a brief description of the research design to be used
including the justification why it is the best method for the study. This chapter covers
a comprehensive description of the Methodology which includes Research Design,
Population, Sample Size and Sampling Technique, Descriptive of Respondents, ,
Data Gathering Procedure, Research Instrument and Statistical Treatment of Data.

Research Design

This is a Quantitative type of research to determine the factors influencing the

career choices among Grade 12 Senior High School Students of Gonzalo Aler
National High School in Academic Year 2023-2024.

The researchers used descriptive-evaluative type of research. Descriptive

research aims to accurately and systematically describe a population, situation or
phenomenon (Shona, M., 2019 ). This study used the descriptive-quantitative design
to find out the factors influencing the career choices among Grade 12 Senior high
school students of Gonzalo Aler National High School. According to Pritha (2021), a
Questionnaire is a list of questions or items used to gather data from respondents
about their attitudes, experiences, or opinions. Then, data were collected using
survey questionnaire, structured and close-ended questionnaires.

Population, Sample Size and Sampling Technique

This research is participated only by the Grade 12 students of the Gonzalo

Aler National High School, Alayao Capalonga Camarines Norte, School Year 2023-
2024. In quantitative research the researcher use the Slovin’s Formula in order to be
our main respondents. The respondents is composed of 18 students in GAS A, 24 in
GAS B , 27 in HUMSS , 17 in HE and 18 in ICT with the total of 104 respondents.

Descriptive of the Respondents

The respondents of this research were students of Gonzalo Aler National High
School. The respondents will come to learners from the Grade 12 student that will
assist with the researcher of this study. The purpose of the study's topic is to provide
the researchers with information and understanding regarding the factors influencing
the career choices among students of Gonzalo Aler National High School. The
respondents are from all Stands.

Data Gathering Procedures

In the data gathering procedure, the researchers followed a systematics step

so as to come up systematically on the data needed. The researcher asked the
permission from the School Principal of the Gonzalo Aler National High School to
sign the permission letter in order to the researcher to conduct the study. The
researchers used survey questionnaires and distributed it personally to the
respondents. The survey questionnaires would help the researcher to explain the
factors affecting the student’s career choice. The respondents were held anonymous
and at the same time answers were held confidential in respect to their privacy.

Research Instrument

In order to obtain accurate information, the researchers used research

questionnaires checklist to expedite the collection of information from respondents.
This research is treed on their previous studies Researcher's also use the Statement
of the Problem SOP dissemination of information to properly answer the questions
sought in this Research. The study will help respondents to learn about the Factors
Influencing their Career Choice that they apply to their school and the differences
that they need to meet.

The researchers use a survey questionnaire that contains questions relevant

to research carried out. It is used to properly capture the date. The survey
questionnaire contains only close ended questions. The closed ended questions do
not need to expand the answer of the respondents rather than simply have to buy
the options given by the researches.

The survey questionnaire is divided into two parts, first is the demographic
profile of the respondents secondi is the survey about the subject studied in the
research. The survey questionnaire will be a way for the students to identify the
factors influencing their career choices that will help them.
 Statistical Treatment of Data

To analyze and interpret the data, the researcher employed the following
statistical procedure:

1. Percentage

This was used to calculate the profile of the respondents.

Formula: P = f/N x 100

P = Percentage

F = Frequency

N = Number of cases

100 = (Constant value)

2. Weighted Mean

Formula:

Mean = Sum of Observation + Total Number of Observation

n = N/1+Ne

N = Sample size

N = Population size

e = Margin of error 5% (0.05)

3. Slovin’s Formula

Formula:

N = N/1+Ne

N = Sample size

N = Population size

E = Margin of error 5% (0.05)

Notes
McCombes, Shona (2019). Descriptive research. Retrieved on September 28, 2019
from https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/descriptive-research/
Pritha, ((2021, July 7) An Introduction to Correlational Research. Scribbr.
https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/correlational-research/
Gravetter, F. J., & Forzano, L. B. (2012). Research Methods for the Behavioral
Sciences (4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Factors Influencing the Career Choices Among Grade 12 Senior High School Students
of Gonzalo Aler National High School
Part l. Demographic profile of the respondents
Instruction: Please respond to the following questions by placing a check mark (✓) in the
answer box corresponding to your response and/or filling in the blank where indicated.
Age : ⬜ 16-17 ⬜ 18-19 ⬜ 20-21 ⬜ 22 & above

Gender : ____ M ____ F

Strand :

⬜ GAS

⬜ HUMSS

⬜ ICT

⬜ HE
Monthly Income : ________

Part ll. Factors that influence the career choices of the students
Instruction: Using the scale and indicator below, please check the box that best describes your
perception: (1- Strongly Agree; 2-Agree; 3-Neutral; 4-Disagree; 5-Strongly Disagree)
Factors 1 2 3 4 5
1. Financial Consideration
2. Interest and Passion
3. Peers
4. Parental Influence
5. Skills
6. Educational Resources

Part III. Recommendations can be given to address factors influencing career choices
among students.
Instruction: Check (✓) the appropriate statement that you prefer to recommend to the
researcher.
___ Conduct a one-day seminar about Career Choice
___ Educate students in terms of choosing a career in order to further their knowledge
___ Creating a tarpaulin that contains ideas about Career Choices
___ Make an activity that enhances the career choices

CHAPTER IV
Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation
Tubular Data:
Demographic Profile of the Respondents
1.1 Age
1.2 Gender
1.3 Strand
1.4 Monthly Income

1.1 Age
Age Range Frequency Percentage
16-17 46 44%
18-19 39 37%
20-21 12 12%
22 above 7 7%
TOTAL 104 100%

The demographic profile shows that most of the respondents are aged 17-18 . Meanwhile,
some are 19-20 ,some are 21-22 and there are 35 respondents that 16 years old.
1.2 Gender
Gender Frequency Percentage
Male
Female
TOTAL 104 100%

The demographic profile by gender shoes that the number of male and female respondents is
far off; the number of male respondents are greater than the female respondents. The male
has 68 respondents, while the female has 44 respondents with the total of
1.3 Strand
Strand Frequency Percentage
GAS 42
HUMSS 27
ICT 18
HE 17
TOTAL 104 100%

The demographic profile of strand show that the most of the respondents who answered are
from the GAS students with the frequency of 42 (40%). While the respondents from HUMSS
has the frequency of 27 (26%). However the respondents from ICT and HE are far off . The
ICT respondents has the frequency of 18 (15%) and the HE respondents have the frequency
of 17 (14%). from Mapag aruga and Moralistic have the same number. Moreover, Asetiko
have the lowest number of respondents.
Factors that influence the career choices of the students
2.1 Financial Consideration
2.2 Interest and Passion
2.3 Peers
2.4 Parental Influence
2.5 Skills
2.6 Educational Resources

2.1 Financial Consideration

Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Strongly Disagree
Disagree
TOTAL

2.2 Interest and Passion

Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Strongly Disagree
Disagree
TOTAL

2.3 Peers

Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Strongly Disagree
Disagree
TOTAL

2.4 Parental Influence

Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
 Strongly Disagree
Disagree
TOTAL

2.5 Skills

Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Strongly Disagree
Disagree
TOTAL

2.6 Educational Resources

Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Strongly Disagree
Disagree
TOTAL

Recommendations can be given to address factors influencing career choices among

students.
3.1 Conduct a one day seminar about Career Choice
3.2 Educate students in terms of choosing a career in order to further their
Knowledge .
3.3 Creating a tarpaulin that contains ideas about Career Choices
3.4 Make an activity that enhances the career choices

3.1 Conduct a one day seminar about Career Choices

Frequency Percentage
Positive
Negative
TOTAL

3.2 Educate students in terms of choosing a career choices in order to further their knowledge

Frequency Percentage
 Positive
Negative
TOTAL

3.3 Creating a tarpaulin that contains ideas about Career Choices

Frequency Percentage
Positive
Negative
TOTAL

3.4 Make an activity that enhances the career choices

Frequency Percentage
Positive
Negative
TOTAL

Chapter V
 Summary of the Findings, Conclusion and Recommendations
Summary