November 2020 (v3) MS - Paper 2 CIE Geography IGCSE

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PMT

Cambridge IGCSE™

GEOGRAPHY 0460/23
Paper 2 October/November 2020
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 60

Published

This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the
examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the
details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have
considered the acceptability of alternative answers.

Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for
Teachers.

Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.

Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2020 series for most
Cambridge IGCSE™, Cambridge International A and AS Level and Cambridge Pre-U components, and some
Cambridge O Level components.

This document consists of 7 printed pages.

© UCLES 2020 [Turn over


PMT
0460/23 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme October/November
PUBLISHED 2020

Generic Marking Principles

These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers.
They should be applied alongside the specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors
for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these marking principles.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:

Marks must be awarded in line with:

• the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question
• the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question
• the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2:

Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3:

Marks must be awarded positively:

• marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit
is given for valid answers which go beyond the scope of the syllabus and mark scheme,
referring to your Team Leader as appropriate
• marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do
• marks are not deducted for errors
• marks are not deducted for omissions
• answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these
features are specifically assessed by the question as indicated by the mark scheme. The
meaning, however, should be unambiguous.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4:

Rules must be applied consistently, e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed
instructions or in the application of generic level descriptors.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5:

Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question
(however; the use of the full mark range may be limited according to the quality of the candidate
responses seen).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6:

Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should
not be awarded with grade thresholds or grade descriptors in mind.

© UCLES 2020 Page 2 of 7


PMT
0460/23 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme October/November
PUBLISHED 2020

The points below supplement the RM Assessor3 Guide.

1 The mark scheme allows one mark per correct point. The points in the mark scheme are
generally written on single lines, separated by commas.

2 Allow all reasonable alternative expressions and terms.

3 Alternative answers are indicated by a forward slash (/).

4 Non-essential parts of an answer are placed in brackets (...).

5 For clarification, essential parts of an answer may be underlined in the mark scheme.

6 Please use the RM Assessor3 marking tools whenever you think there is a need to explain why
marks have, or have not, been awarded. Parts of questions where the tick symbol must be used
are shown in the mark scheme as follows:

EXAMINER: PLEASE USE TICKS FOR THIS PART OF THE QUESTION

There is no need to use ticks for other parts of questions.

7 In all answers, it is possible to score more than one mark per line of writing, including where
numbered spaces are provided for the candidate’s answer.

8 Where a candidate’s answer extends beyond the image zone or onto additional pages, link the
additional text/page to continue marking. Your team leader will explain this process if necessary.

9 Where the ruler or protractor is used in a question, please remember that these are very precise
and measure to a greater degree of accuracy than the thickness of a pencil line. Do not insist on
unrealistic accuracy.

10 Please consult your team leader where further guidance is needed, if possible using the RM
Assessor3 messaging system.

© UCLES 2020 Page 3 of 7


PMT
0460/23 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme October/November
PUBLISHED 2020

Question Answer Marks

1(a)(i) motorway, 1

1(a)(ii) railway, 1

1(a)(iii) funicular, 1

1(a)(iv) lava (flow), 1

1(a)(v) (T. S.) Venera, 1

1(b) nature reserve, 1


dive sites/diving,
climbing,
hang-gliding/paragliding,
mountain biking,

1(c)(i) railway, 1

1(c)(ii) position of Gaggi shown with an arrow between 25 mm and 35 mm from the 1
left hand margin,

1(c)(iii) section completed with land rising in the east but not dropping below 200 m, 1

1(d)(i) 8500 metres, 1

1(d)(ii) 221° 1

1(e) 5
Neither of
Both these
Area P Area Q these
areas
areas

flat land 

land over 500 m 

a national main road 

plateau 

a mountain bike route 

1(f) high/hills/hilly/mountain, 4
valley,
V shaped,
narrow (valley),
ridge/spur,
888 m/886 m/over 800 m/900 m,
steep slopes,
tributaries/dissected,
lowest 150–200 m,
higher in N/NW/NE/lower in S,

© UCLES 2020 Page 4 of 7


PMT
0460/23 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme October/November
PUBLISHED 2020

Question Answer Marks

2(a)(i) population is decreasing, 1

2(a)(ii) Asia/Russia/Eurasia, 2
Eastern Europe,
in the north/north east,

2(b) high(er)(est) in the centre/nearer to equator/in tropics/subtropics, 2


low(er)(est) in north/south,
slightly lower along equator,

2(c)(i) 44, 1

2(c)(ii) birth rate – death rate + or – migration, 2

or

22 – 6 – 1, (allow 22 – (6 + 1))

15,

Question Answer Marks

3(a) traction/bed load/rolling, 4


rocks/boulders/stones,

suspension,
mud/silt/clay/(fine) sediment,

3(b) lower/middle course 1

3(c) helicoidal flow, 3


faster flow on outer side/concave or slower flow on inner side/convex,
erosion on outer,
deposition on inner,
meanders grow/neck thins,

Question Answer Marks

4(a)(i) 20–25 (cm), 1

4(a)(ii) SE/ESE, 1

44(a)(iii) blocked the sun, 1

4(b) lower slopes, 2


away from crater,
on coast/near sea,
in valleys/along rivers,
(more) in S/SE/less in N,

© UCLES 2020 Page 5 of 7


PMT
0460/23 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme October/November
PUBLISHED 2020

Question Answer Marks

4(c) conical, 3
layers,
lava and ash,
steep(er),
concave,
parasitic cones/secondary cones,
crater,
acid/intermediate/andesitic,

Question Answer Marks

5(a) 4
Both Neither
Fig. 5.1 Fig. 5.2
photographs photograph

subsistence 

commercial 

arable 

pastoral 

5(b) small scale/small plots, 2


hand labour/no machines,
much labour input,

5(c) relief, 2
soil,
land,
light/climate,

machinery/tractor/named machine,

Question Answer Marks

6(a)(i) flour milling, 1


cosmetics,
breakfast cereals
food and beverages,
chemicals,

6(a)(ii) transport (rail, road, air), 1


theatre,
museum,
TV/broadcaster,
university,
communications technology,
retail,
professional sport,

© UCLES 2020 Page 6 of 7


PMT
0460/23 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme October/November
PUBLISHED 2020

Question Answer Marks

6(b) Advantages for industrial development to include: 6

canal linked to raw materials/distribution/goods/trade,

rail linked to raw materials/distribution/goods/trade/customers/commuters,

motorways linked to raw materials/distribution/goods/trade/


customers/commuters,

freight terminal linked to raw materials/distribution/goods/trade,

airport linked to raw materials/distribution/goods/trade,

city/large population linked to labour/market,

other (technological) industries for labour/market/raw materials,

university for research/graduate labour,

sites available for development,

theatre/museum/football/retail park to attract workers/tourists,

council support,

canal/river for water supply

© UCLES 2020 Page 7 of 7

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