Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICOEI 2018)

IEEE Conference Record: # 42666; IEEE Xplore ISBN:978-1-5386-3570-4

Design of Bi-directional Power Converter for

Vehicle-to-Grid Capability of Reactive Power
compensation
Noorul Ameen A Suresh S
Power System Engineering, EEE Power System Engineering, EEE
B S Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and B S Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and
Technology Technology
Chennai, India Chennai, India
noorulameen.mtech_2016@crescent.education
Abstract — The main objective of the paper is to design a Power environmental change will be lessened. In spite of, in place of
converter from Vehicle to Grid which comprises of a Bi - the electric power network EVs will be additional loads, and
directional flow of alternating current and DC connect. This associated with a similar appropriation transformer.
paper is separated into two sections : one is Reactive Power With the electric put away vitality in the batteries of EVs,
compensation and an additional is Bi-directional Change.
rises another idea in electrical control framework advertise
Commonly, the bidirectional power exchange remains for two-
route exchange of dynamic power between the charger and the named V2G. In this basis, other than the battery absolving
grid. The general term of sending dynamic power from the mode called as grid to vehicle . On board chargers change
vehicle to the network is named Electrical Vehicles (EVs) to Grid. over the alternating current network voltage into dc, and they
This modification demonstrates the impact of reactive power regularly have unidirectional power exchange capacity.
activity on the outline and task of single-stage charger that are Utilizing a further developed topology and controller
appropriate for reactive power booster. In addition, the
contrasted with ordinary techniques accessible in the market,
coordinate between the power network and the vehicle battery,
before utilizing run of the process control converter that can be the charger can likewise supply control quality capacities, for
single act as a unidirectional mode, have to utilize bidirectional example, reactive power pay (inductive or capacitive), voltage
power converters to charge the batteries from power network to direction, symphonious separating, and power factor remedy.
Vehicle (G2V) method and to circulate some portion of the put The blend of EVs in the power framework, with a specific
away vitality in the batteries power back to the power framework end goal to execute the V2G idea, the aforementioned be
motor Vehicle to power network. Using the bi-directional power
present fundamental the utilization of bidirectional control
converter topology exhibited in this paper, the expended current
is sinusoidal and it is conceivable to manage the power factor to converters.
control the reactive power, focusing to add to direct power The idea of the bidirectional charger with V2G
quality issues in the power framework. To consider the conduct advancements is present in Fig. 1. At the point when the EV
of the displayed bi-directional power converter under various is associated with the power grid the energy can stream to or
situations are introduced some simulations and test comes about from the EV batteries (G2V and V2G). Without control
got with a model that was created.
network or power blackouts, the EV can works as voltages
Keywords — Reactive power control, Bi-directional Power
Converter – Vehicle to Grid (V2G) and Grid to Vehicle (G2V) source to bolster the coveted burdens. Today, in the utility
charging. grid, reactive power expended at the private load is repaid
utilizing capacitor banks, static VAR compensators, static
I. INTRODUCTION synchronous compensators and etc. Yet, advantage of the
responsive power near the private load is more effective and
Nowadays, the advanced and huge interests in electrically
diminishes the establishment and support costs related with
powered flexibility, primarily in Electrical vehicle deals are
the said gadgets.
assessed to increment in the up and coming a very long time as
a financially savvy another to ordinary inward ignition motor In this paper is presented the headway of the bi-directional
vehicles. EVs exhibit a more proficient activity and in this control converter to charge the batteries over and done with
way, have expanded fuel cost reserve funds. In any case, the thought G2V, and to communicate back to the network a
tremendous number of EV association with the power small degree of the put absent essentialness within the
organize builds worries about unwavering quality of the capacity gadget, as shown by the control organize necessities
matrix particularly at the low voltage circulation arrange and with the client understanding, through the thought
because of generous increment in the peak load. Vehicle to lattice. The bi-directional control converter was
The blast of EVs will guarantee to decrease the solid planning to protect the controlling nature of the electrical
confidence from oil and other petroleum products, permitting a control organize from side to side sinusoidal current
genuine diminishment in the discharges of ozone depleting utilization, with kept up control calculate, allowing the switch
substances. Thusly the impact of the vehicles segment of the of the energetic and receptive control. So as to declare for the

978-1-5386-3570-4/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE 1336

 Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICOEI 2018)
IEEE Conference Record: # 42666; IEEE Xplore ISBN:978-1-5386-3570-4

Fig. 1. Ideas of the bidirectional battery charger with V2G innovations

differing strategies of errand, within the to begin with With energy storage frameworks, for illustration,
segment of the bi-directional power converter topology and engineered batteries, compacted discuss chambers, that one is
the control calculations be there approved by PC virtual conceivable to keep up the dauntlessness of the control
reality and afterward were approved complete exploratory arrange, basically to upgrade the utilization of feasible control
outcomes using the created model. bases it is conceivable to collection the essentialness made
when the ask is little so as to be utilized afterward as before
II. BI-DIRECTIONAL POWER CONVERTER TOPOLOGY long as the ask increases. Since in ordinary the gigantic lion's
The shown battery charger is made by two control share of the implies of transportation, are ceased for broad
converters that offer a DC interface. One is to interface the lifetime, their batteries can be utilized as ESS, getting vitality
control organize and the other is to interface the control among the plenitude of creation and passing on control back to
batteries. With a particular conclusion objective to the the electrical system in the midst of the stages of amazing ask,
interface, the control network is utilized a full join substituting altering the imperativeness era and utilization. In this
current to DC bidirectional converter. This converter can work particular circumstance, these vehicles are there also profitable
as an energetic rectifier with the sinusoidal show and uniform to settle the unpredictable creation and improving their
control calculate among the G2V assignment mode. compromise into the control organize
Among the V2G action modes, this control converter works .
as the inverter. Within the V2G mode, the converter works as
controlled current source to instill the vital control within the III. CONTROLLER DESIGN OF THE BIDIRECTIONAL
control grid. In the G2V activity mode, this converter fills in a POWER CHARGER (V2G)
buck converter to control the current and voltage nearby the To give the controllers with the present solicitations Id, Iq
current and voltage batteries charging stages freely. Among reference there are two alternatives. In frameworks without
V2G the converter works as lift converter to raise the batteries coordinate power estimation, the power demand of dynamic
voltage to a sufficient DC interface voltage plans to an active (P) and reactive (Q) power will simply be changed in
understanding the leading conceivable movement of the full- current demands on the d-q reference outline. This approach
bridge rotating current DC bi-directional converter. The total can lead however to relentless state mistakes on the power. By
electric graph of the bidirectional battery charger is introduced coordinate estimation of the dynamic active/reactive power
in Fig. 2. In spite of the fact that utilizing two bidirectional and two extra Fig.4 PI-controllers.
converters, the required equipment is identical to a controlled
bridge.

Fig. 2. Schematic of the bidirectional power converter (Charger and Grid

Connection) Fig. 3. The controller design with control

978-1-5386-3570-4/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE 1337

 Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICOEI 2018)
IEEE Conference Record: # 42666; IEEE Xplore ISBN:978-1-5386-3570-4

IV. SIMULATION OF THE V2G REACTIVE POWER

CONTROL

The aggregate controller of the framework have to contain

different extra controllers in adding to the beforehand current
controller for dc to ac convertion. The main objective of the
controller is to take after dynamic and reacive power
directions that are sent by the esteem. Along these lines, extra
controller circles are required to ensure that the charger
Fig. 4. Framework PI controller of DC-AC Converter dependably expends the dynamic power and receptive power
levels asked for by the utility.
A. Power regulator
It is an electronic circuit that passes on a consistent dc
voltage free of the stack current, temperature and AC line
voltage varieties. It is planning to actually keep up a steady
voltage level. They may utilize an essential support forward
diagram or may include negative feedback. It might utilize an
electromechanical instrument or electronic parts. Unexpected
upon the diagram, it can be utilized to control at least one AC
or DC voltages. In direction may be a degree of advance
within the voltage enormity between the sending and
tolerating conclusion of a section, for a case, a transmission or
apportionment line. Voltage control depicts the constraint of a
system to deliver near steady voltage over a broad assortment
of stack conditions. The term may imply to an uninvolved
property that results in beautiful much voltage drop beneath
diverse stack conditions, or to the energetic intervention with
contraptions for the specific inspiration behind modifying
voltage.
Condition of power controller Fig. 5. Overall Stimulation outline of Reactive power control
Equation of power regulator,

Id = 2/3[cosθ cos(θ-2π/3) cos(θ+2π/3)] [a b c] (1) On the dc-connect voltage dips under Vdc ref = 24 V, the
battery charging current declines to expand the dc-interface
Iq = 2/3 [-sinθ -sin(θ-2π/3) -sin(θ+2π/3)] [a b c] (2)
24 V. Consequently, when the dc-interface voltage remains
at Vdc, a synchronize with the lattice voltage stage point and
quick pq control hypothesis is utilized to register the
B. Current regulator normal dynamic and responsive power esteem including
their headings. To accomplish the two tasks, quadrature hub
The control of voltage and reactive power is a important issue
is required.
in control framework activity. This is a direct result of the
topological contrasts amongst circulation and transmission Table 1. The parameters utilized as a part of framework
frameworks, distinctive methodologies have changed. This
contains commitments of one of a kind responsive power
Parameter Symbol Value
control and voltage solidness plans for conveyance and
transmission frameworks. Grid voltage Vs 410 V
Grid frequency f 50 Hz
dq reference frame will be change into abc,
Coupling inductance Lc 0.5 mH
dq = id *(kpe+ki 0∫t e dt)
Switching frequency fsw 40 kHz
t
Sin_cos =2πωt* iq *(kpe+ki 0∫ e dt) DC-link voltage Vdc 24 V
DC-link capacitance Cdc 1000 μF
They gives to abc frame then control frequency,
Battery side filter inductance Lf 10 mH
abc = ωt+(π/180)

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 Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICOEI 2018)
IEEE Conference Record: # 42666; IEEE Xplore ISBN:978-1-5386-3570-4

Fig. 11. Grid Current

Fig 6. Inverter and Grid Voltage will be in before controlled

V. DEVELOPMENT OF THE BI-DIRECTIONAL BATTERY

CHARGER PROTOTYPE
Along these lines, in this region is portrayed in point the bi-
directional control converter in expansion to the computerized
control system made.
A. Bi-directional Power Converter
As examine already, the displayed battery-operated charger
is made by two bi-directional control converter, one and as it
were DC-DC and the assist AC-DC. To the AC-DC bi-
Fig 7 Reactive power without controller directional control converter be there utilized the trading
execution Intermittent Cross area in light of the Coordinate
Current Control. This methodology does not work at settled
repeat, but or maybe it builds up a most prominent repeat
compel, which for this circumstance. At that point once more,
to the DC-DC conversion be there utilized the trading
framework beat width balance, which the entire thing with a
settled repeat. The bi-directional stream of imperativeness is
procured through the adequate control of the MOSFETs.
B. Digital Control System
The control system, which equipment the calculations
Fig. 8. inverter and Grid Voltage are in-phase among the errand as G2V and V2G, is shaped by a number of
electronic circuits with straightforward and progressed signs.
The control calculations of the made computerized control
system were executed in a Microcontroller. The internal ADCs
get the voltages and the streams banners that are given by the
hail molding circuit, and in conjunction with the exterior
crossing point, make the control signs to the understanding
circuit.

Fig. 9. DC buck Voltage

Fig. 10. Real and Reactive power of Load Fig. 12. Battery charger prototype developed to operate as G2V and V2G

978-1-5386-3570-4/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE 1339

 Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICOEI 2018)
IEEE Conference Record: # 42666; IEEE Xplore ISBN:978-1-5386-3570-4

VI. EXPERIMENTAL RESULT within the batteries back to the control system of Vehicle to
Network mode. In portrayal the bidirectional control converter
In this Area are shown the test result obtained for the made topology that was shown in this paper, the exhausted current is
battery charger utilizing bi-directional control converter sinusoidal and it is conceivable to control the responsive
permitting for the action. control, leveling to supply for coordinate control quality issues
within the control network.
In a to begin with the zone, the conduct of the bi-
directional control converter be display evaluated lower than
different settings over PC reenactments. At that point, the
execution of the bi-directional control converter was evaluated
with a demonstration. In this paper be to make the recreation
and test come about are acquired.

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