PREVIOUS YEAR

ECONOMICS
QUESTIONS-X
DEVELOPMENT

VERY ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (1 Mark)

1. What may be a goal of landless rural labourers regarding their income? [Delhi 2019]
Ans. Landless rural labourers would like to have more days of work and better wages.

2. What may be a goal of prosperous farmer of Punjab? [Delhi 2019]

Ans. The goal of prosperous farmer may be assurance of high family income through
higher support prices for their crops and through hardwork and cheap labourers; they
will be able to settle their children abroad.

3. How can two persons have different developmental goals? [CBSE 2018]
Ans. Development for one may not be development for other. It may even be destructive
for the other. For e.g. Industrialist may want more dams for electricity but this
may submerge the land and disrupt the lives of people who are displaced.

4. State any two goals of development other than income. [CBSE 2018]
Ans. The two goals of development other than income are freedom and security.

5. Why is per capita income calculated in the US dollars? [CBSE 2016]

Ans. Per capita income is calculated in the US dollars because it is the common currency
in use in the world market.

6. Give any two common developmental goals of the people. [CBSE 2015]
Ans. The two common developmental goals of the people are better income and quality
education.

7. Suggest any one way to solve under-employment situation in rural

areas. [CBSE 2015]
Ans. To solve the problem of under-employment in the rural areas, the government should
help the people in opening their own business by providing bank loans at lower or no
interest rate.

8. Define average income. [CBSE 2015]

Ans. It can be defined as the total income of the country divided by the total population.

9. Suppose there are four families in a country with per capita income of $15000. The
income of three families is $10000, $20000 and $12000. What is the income of the
fourth family? [CBSE 2014]
Ans. The income of the fourth family is $18,000.

10. Which countries are known as rich countries on the basis of per capita
income? [CBSE 2012, 2010]
Ans. Countries with PCI more than US$ 12,236 per annum are known as rich countries on
the basis of per capita income.

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ECONOMICS
QUESTIONS-X
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (3 Marks)

11. “Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national or state

boundaries.” Justify the statement. [Delhi 2019]
Ans. Environment is degraded through the depletion of resources like air, water and soil.
It leads to the destruction of the ecosystem and extinction of wildlife. It is now a
global issue and has been debated over decades.
Environmental degradation is not restricted to the nation or state boundaries. Its
consequences have been felt in the surrounding states and the neighbouring
countries and sometimes globally.
(a) Pollution in one country may affect the other in the form of acid rains, climate
change etc.
(b) Deforestation in some countries may disturb the rainfall pattern in the surrounding
countries.
(c) Land degradation and dam burst can bring massive siltation and flood like
situation.

12. How is the issue of sustainability important for development? Explain with three
examples. [CBSE 2018]
Ans. Development, at present, without harming the environment and also keep it safe for
the future generation is termed as sustainable development.
a. Groundwater, which is a renewable resource, is getting depleted because of its
overuse. People are facing problem of water crisis due to its indiscriminate use.
b. The development emerged from the fast industrialisation leads to the cutting of
forest and its result is the polluted- environment for the present as well as for the
future generations.
c. The crude oil which is a non-renewable resource with limited stock is depleting
gradually. So we need to use it wisely.

13. “Money cannot buy all the goods and services that one needs to live well”. Do you
agree with this statement? Justify your answer with any three suitable
arguments. [CBSE 2016]
Ans. It is true to say that money in our pocket cannot buy all the goods and services that
we need to live well because:
a. Money cannot give us a pollution-free environment.
b. It cannot ensure unadulterated medicines to the people.
c. It cannot protect us from infectious diseases.

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ECONOMICS
QUESTIONS-X
14. Explain the importance of sustainable development with reference to ground water by
giving example. [CBSE 2013]
Ans. Suitable development means development of the present generation by using the
earth’s resources as well as the ability to meet the needs of future generation also.
For example, ground water is a renewable resources but we are overusing it as
compare to its replenish time. Now people face water crisis due to its indiscriminate
use.

15. Average income is important but it has limitations while using it.
Explain. [CBSE 2012]
Ans. Income is also an important criterion for comparing the countries because it helps in
fulfilling the greater demands of the people. Higher income countries are more
developed than the lower income countries. But it has limitation too.
a. Average income hides the disparity.
b. Average income does not tell us the distribution of income among the people.
c. It is just a material criteria for the comparison.

16. Explain sustainable development. Suggest two measures to ensure sustainable

development. [CBSE 2011]
Ans. Development at present without harming the environment and also keep it safe for
the future generation is termed as sustainable development.
a. The two measures to ensure sustainable development are:
b. Judicious use of resources.
c. Stop degrading the natural resources.

17. Compare India and Sri Lanka on the basis of any three indicators of Human
Development Index for 2004. [CBSE 2009]
Ans. The following is the comparison between India and Sri Lanka on the basis of PCI. life
expectancy and literacy rate used for the Human Development Index in the year
2004:
a. In terms of PCI, India has US $ 3139 whereas Sri Lanka has US $ 4390.
b. In terms of life expectancy. India has 64 whereas Sri Lanka has 74.
c. In terms of literacy rate. India has 61% whereas Sri Lanka has 91%.
So it can be concluded that in all the parameters of development Sri Lanka is far
ahead than India.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (5 Marks)

18. “What may be the development for one may be the destruction for the other.” Explain
the statement with appropriate examples. [CBSE 2014]
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ECONOMICS
QUESTIONS-X
Ans. It is true to say that what may be the development for one may be the destruction for
the other. Sometimes the developmental goals of people may be conflicting in nature
and prove destructive for others. For example,
a. Construction of dam could be a development goal for the industrialist but it is a
conflicting goal as it would affect the lives of the people living in that area as the
local people may get displaced and their livelihood may get disrupted.
b. If there is slum near the high rise buildings then the people of that high rise
building will have the developmental goal to remove the slum from that locality
which will be a conflicting goal as it would displace the slum people.

19. What is sustainable development? Suggest any two ways in which resources can be
used judiciously. [CBSE 2013]
Ans. Sustainable development is a pattern of development that promises the use of
resources in a way that meets human needs while preserving the environment so
that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for generations to
come.
In basic understanding, like today we are able to use the resources given to us, the
future generations should also be able to use them for which we need to keep a tab
on our usage and use the resources judiciously.
Today, we need to fuel the concept of sustainable development to make sure that
resources are also available for the future generations.
Resources can be used judiciously in the following manner.
(а) Using bicycle or walking for short distances rather than using a two wheeler or
four wheeler can help in saving fuel and also will help in reducing air pollution.
(b) Urbanization without deforestation can help us to sustain the natural
environment.
(c) By using CNG in place of petrol, we can help in reducing air pollution.
(d) Judiciously using water resources and not polluting them will help us to preserve
our water resources.

20. What is the main criteria used by the World Bank in classifying different countries?
What are the limitations of this criteria, if any? In what respects is the criteria used by
the UNDP for measuring development different from the one used by the World
Bank? [CBSE 2011]
Ans. The main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries is per
capita income. Limitations of using average income for comparison:

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ECONOMICS
QUESTIONS-X
a. Average income hides the disparity.
b. Average income does not tell us the distribution of income among the people.
c. It is just a material criteria for the comparison.
The criteria used by the UNDP for measuring development is different from the one
used by the World Bank on the following basis:
a. World Bank uses PCI as a criteria for comparing the countries whereas UNDP
uses PCI. Health status and educational levels for the comparison.
b. The criteria used by the World Bank is just a material criteria whereas the criteria
used by the UNDP is both material and non-material criteria.
c. The criteria used by the World Bank does not give us a real picture of
development as it is given by the UNDP.

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