Unit 4

Java Operators and Expressions

Where are you headed?
Content:
● Introduction to operators, operands and expressions
● Classification of operators
● Classification based on number of operands - Unary, Binary and Ternary
● Unary operators
● Binary operators
● Ternary operator

Skills covered:
● learn about the classifications of operators and the different operators that are present
in java and their purposes.
● learn to evaluate expressions.
● learn about implicit and explicit conversions of data types in expressions.
Observe: Hook Activity
– 14 % 3 = – 2 ● The value of relational expression is either true or
false.
– 14 % – 3 = – 2 ● * Only if the sum of values of a and b is equal to
the sum of values of c and d.
14 % – 3 = 2

● In modulo division the sign is the sign of Expression value

the first operand
4.5 <= 10 TRUE

4.5 < –10 FALSE

– 35 >= 0 FALSE

10 < 7 + 5 TRUE

a+b==c+d TRUE
Observations
● The examples given above are known as ‘Expressions’.
● An expression always evaluates (or is processed) to a result.
● One example of an arithmetic expression is 5 + 2.
● An expression consists of operands (5 and 2 in the sample expression), operators (+
sign in the sample expression).
● The examples given earlier evaluated only to boolean, i.e. true or false values.
● Expressions with logical and or relational operators always evaluate to boolean
answers.
● Expressions with arithmetic operations always evaluate to a numeric value.
What are operators?
Java supports a rich set of operators. An operator is a symbol that tells the computer to
perform certain mathematical or logical manipulations. Operators are used in programs to
manipulate data and variables. They usually form a part of mathematical or logical
expressions.Java's operators are classified by their number of operands:

● A unary operator has one operand, for example unary minus (e.g., -5).
● A binary operator has two operands, examples are multiplication and addition.
● A ternary operator has three operands; an example is the conditional operator (?:).

Java's operators are also classified by position:

● A prefix operator is a unary operator that precedes its operand (e.g., -5,--5,++5).
● A postfix operator is a unary operator that follows its operand (e.g., age++; -- add 1
to age's numeric value).
What are operands

A value involved in an operation is called an operand.

A unary operator is an operator that performs its operation on only one operand. An
operator is referred to as binary if it operates on two operands
Expressions
An expression is a combination of operators, constants and variables. An expression may consist
of one or more operands, and zero or more operators to produce a value.
Operators are classified
Unary operators
● Unary operators require only
one operand.
● Examples of unary operators
include logical not, increment
operator, decrement operator etc.
● The meaning of these operators
will be dealt with in detail later in
the unit.
● Examples of expressions with
unary operation include: -a,
++5,6++,--7, 8-- etc.
How does the postfix and prefix work
Try it using both increment and decrement operators.
Decrement
Binary Operators
● Binary operators require two operands to perform the operation. Examples include all
arithmetic operators, relational operators, logical operators etc.
● Example of expressions with binary operators include: 4 * 6, 9 /3, a > b, (3 > 5) && (4 <= 0) etc
Ternary Operators
Ternary statements get their name because they take three conditions. A ternary
operator evaluates whether a statement is true or false and returns a specified
value depending on the result of the operator.

Here is the syntax for a ternary operator in Java:

variable = (expression) ? expressionIsTrue : expressionIsFalse;

Example for ternary operators
public class EvaluateAge {

public static void main(String[] args) {

int age = 22;

String result = (age >= 16) ? "This user is over 16." : "This user is under 16."

System.out.println(result);

}
Try to code
● Write a program to check if a number is divisible by 5 and display a suitable
output.
● Write a program to check if an integer is positive, negative using the ternary
operator.
Ex 2
Assignment 1
Organize all the different types of operators based on the number of operators in
a Bubble Map With examples. This can be done in your notebooks.

Assignment 2:
Read about increment and decrement operators from their textbook.
Solve examples from page 70 of Text Book.
Ex 1,2,3 8,10.
Resources
Operators

Bitwise and shift operators

Resource 2
Pg 88. Textbook
Entry Ticket: Quiz Link
Take up this quick concept refresher quiz.
Arithmetic Operators
Exercise programs to solve arithmetic operations.
public class OperatorExample public class OperatorExample
{
public static void main(String {
args[])
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a=10; {
int b=5;
System.out.println(a+b);//15 System.out.println(10*10/5+3-1*4/2);
System.out.println(a-b);//5 }
System.out.println(a*b);//50
System.out.println(a/b);//2 }
System.out.println(a%b);//0
}
}
Assignment 3
Write a Java program that performs all the arithmetic operations (take 2
numbers and perform addition, subtraction etc and display the result).
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