ATIVIDADE AVALIATIVA LÍNGUA INGLESA I BIM 2023- TURMA _______

ESTUDANTE 1____________________________________________________
ESTUDANTE 2____________________________________________________

1. A partir do texto responda às questões seguintes

What is the African elephant?

African elephants are the

largest land animals on Earth.
They are slightly larger than their
Asian cousins and can be
identified by their larger ears that
look somewhat like the continent
of Africa. (Asian elephants have
smaller, rounded ears.)

Although they were long

grouped together as one species,
scientists have determined that
there are actually two species of
African elephants—and that both
are at risk of extinction. Savanna elephants are larger animals that roam the plains of sub-Saharan
Africa, while forest elephants are smaller animals that live in the forests of Central and West Africa.
The International Union for the Conservation of Nature lists savanna elephants as endangered and
forest elephants as critically endangered.

African elephants are keystone species, meaning they play a critical role in their ecosystem.
Also known as “ecosystem engineers,” elephants shape their habitat in many ways. During the dry
season, they use their tusks to dig up dry riverbeds and create watering holes many animals can drink
from. Their dung is full of seeds, helping plants spread across the environment—and it makes pretty
good habitat for dung beetles too. In the forest, their feasting on trees and shrubs creates pathways for
smaller animals to move through, and in the savanna, they uproot trees and eat saplings, which helps
keep the landscape open for zebras and other plains animals to thrive.

Elephant ears radiate heat to help keep these large animals cool, but sometimes the African
heat is too much. Elephants are fond of water and enjoy showering by sucking water into their trunks
and spraying it all over themselves. Afterwards, they often spray their skin with a protective coating of
dust. An elephant's trunk is actually a long nose used for smelling, breathing, trumpeting, drinking,
and also for grabbing things—especially a potential meal. The trunk alone contains about 40,000
muscles. African elephants have two fingerlike features on the end of their trunk that they can use to
grab small items. (Asian elephants have just one.)

Both male and female African elephants have tusks, which are continuously growing teeth.
Savanna elephants have curving tusks, while the tusks of forest elephants are straight. They use these
tusks to dig for food and water and strip bark from trees. Males, whose tusks tend to be larger than
females', also use their tusks to battle one another.
 Elephants eat roots, grasses, fruit, and bark. An adult elephant can consume up to 300 pounds
of food in a single day. These hungry animals do not sleep much, roaming great distances while
foraging for the large quantities of food that they require to sustain their massive bodies.African
elephants range throughout the savannas of sub-Saharan Africa and the rainforests of Central and
West Africa. The continent’s northernmost elephants are found in Mali’s Sahel Desert. The small,
nomadic herd of Mali elephants migrates in a circular route through the desert in search of
water.Because elephants eat so much, they’re increasingly coming into contact with humans. An
elephant can destroy an entire season of crops in a single night. A number of conservation programs
work with farmers to help them protect their crops and provide compensation when an elephant does
raid them.

Elephants are matriarchal, meaning they live in female-led groups. The matriarch is usually
the biggest and oldest. She presides over a multi-generational herd that includes other females, called
cows, and their young. Adult males, called bulls, tend to roam on their own, sometimes forming
smaller, more loosely associated all-male groups. Having a baby elephant is a serious commitment.
Elephants have a longer pregnancy than any other mammal—almost 22 months. Cows usually give
birth to one calf every two to four years. At birth, elephants already weigh some 200 pounds and stand
about three feet tall.

Poaching for the illegal ivory trade is the biggest threat to African elephants’ survival. Before the
Europeans began colonizing Africa, there may have been as many as 26 million elephants. By the
early 20th century, their numbers had dropped to 10 million. Hunting continued to increase. By 1970,
their numbers were down to 1.3 million. Between 1970 and 1990, hunting and poaching put the
African elephant at risk of extinction, reducing its population by another half. In the years since,
poaching has continued to threaten both species: Savanna elephants declined by 30 percent between
2007 and 2014, while forest elephants declined by 64 percent from 2002 to 2011 as poaching
worsened in Central and West Africa. In 2021, the International Union for Conservation of Nature
recognized them as separate species for the first time, listing savanna elephants as endangered and
forest elephants as critically endangered. As few as 400,000 remain today.

Compounding the problem is how long it takes for elephants to reproduce. With reproduction
rates hovering around 5 to 6 percent, there are simply not enough calves being born to make up for the
losses from poaching. African elephants are also losing their habitat as the human population grows
and people convert land for agriculture and development. Elephants need a lot of room, so habitat
destruction and fragmentation not only makes it harder for them to find food, water, and each other,
but it also puts them in increased conflict with humans.

The decision to recognize African elephants as two separate species is seen as an important
step for conservation, as it highlights the different challenges that each species faces. Scientists hope
that the listing will bring more attention to forest elephants, which have often been overlooked by
governments and donors when grouped together with more visible savanna elephants. African
elephants are protected to varying degrees in all the countries of their geographic range. They’re also
protected under international environmental agreements, CITES and the Convention on the
Conservation of Migratory Species. There have been recent efforts to bring re-legalize the
international trade in ivory, but those so far have failed.

Conservation groups and governments have worked to set aside land for wildlife—including corridors
that connect those protected lands. Still, researchers believe that up to 70 percent of elephants' range is
on unprotected land. To curb poaching, stopping the illegal trade is key. Advocates have launched
campaigns that address both the supply side (poaching) and the demand side (people who buy ivory).
There has been some progress in recent years, especially on the demand side: In 2015,
China—believed to be the world’s biggest illegal and legal ivory market—agreed to a “near-complete”
ban on the domestic trade of ivory. Since the ban went into effect, public demand for ivory seems to
have fallen. On the supply side, protecting elephants from poaching also requires a local approach. In
2019, a study showed that the suffering of elephants is tied to that of the humans living nearby:
Regions with high levels of poverty and corruption are more likely to have higher poaching rates. This
suggests that helping communities develop sustainable livelihoods could reduce the lure of poaching.

Extraido e adaptado de: African elephant, facts and photos (nationalgeographic.com)

2. Qual o objetivo do texto(informar, entreter, instruir passo a passo de um procedimento)? Explique

sua resposta.
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3. Qual a ideia central de cada parágrafo do texto(responda em portugues)?

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4. De acordo com o texto, o que significa os elefantes serem uma espécie matriarcal?
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5. Quais as ameaças à existência desses animais no planeta ?

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6. Os grupos nominais são formados de um núcleo (substantivo) e um ou mais modificadores os quais

podem ser palavras adjetivas, advérbios, pronomes demonstrativos, indefinidos etc.
Exemplo: 1. African elephants’ survival (sobrevivência do elefante africano)
● O que significam os grupos nominais seguintes:
a) A longer pregnancy____________________________________________________
b) a multi-generational herd ________________________________________________
c) an important step for conservation_________________________________________
d) Regions with high levels of poverty and corruption__________________________
e) all the countries of their geographic range_________________________________
7. Reescreva as sentenças seguintes em forma de perguntas
a) African elephants are the largest land animals on
Earth_____________________________________________________________
b) Ivory trade is the biggest threat to African elephants’
survival___________________________________________________________
c) Elephants are fond of water_____________________________________________

8. De respostas de acordo com o texto:

a) Are African elephants intelligent animals?________________________________
b) Are elephants carnivorous
animals?______________________________________________________________
c) Is a female elephant a leader of her
group?_______________________________________________________________
d) Why are elephants endangered?
dangerous?___________________________________________________________
e) Are males’s tusks larger than
female’s?_____________________________________________________________