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Paralab M1

The document discusses procedures for direct fecal smear and wet mount examinations to detect intestinal parasites. It describes using saline or iodine wet mounts to observe motile trophozoites, cysts, oocysts, eggs and larvae under a microscope. Common artifact structures that can resemble parasites are also outlined.

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lila
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26 views

Paralab M1

The document discusses procedures for direct fecal smear and wet mount examinations to detect intestinal parasites. It describes using saline or iodine wet mounts to observe motile trophozoites, cysts, oocysts, eggs and larvae under a microscope. Common artifact structures that can resemble parasites are also outlined.

Uploaded by

lila
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PARASITOLOGY

MIDTERM/LABORATORY SECOND SEMESTER


DIRECT FECAL SMEAR (DFS) OR DIRECT WET MOUNT
● Saline wet mount ( 0.85% NSS)
DIRECT FECAL SMEAR (DFS) ○ Used for the initial microscopic examination
of stool.
● Simplest and easiest technique to facilitate ○ It is employed primarily to demonstrate worm
detection of intestinal parasites. eggs, larvae.
● Slide made by mixing a small portion of unfixed stool
with saline or iodine and subsequent examination of ● Iodine wet mount (1% Lugol’s Iodine)
the resultant mixture under the microscope is to ○ Trophozoite are easily destroyed
detect the presence of motile protozoan trophozoite. ○ ONLY FOR CYST
○ Used mainly to stain glycogen and the nuclei
● Other protozoan stages that might be observed in a
of cyst, if present.
direct wet preparation include protozoan cysts,
oocysts, helminth eggs and larvae.
● Buffered methylene Blue (BMB) wet mount
○ Should be prepared each time amoebic
trophozoites are seen in a saline wet mount,
or when their presence is suspected.
MORPHOLOGY AND STAINS

★
- TROPHOZOITES - Remove the excess proteins
- destroyed the lugol’s iodine/ d’ antoni - Stains amoebic trophozoites, but does not
- CYSTS stain amoebic cyst, flagellate trophozoite, or
- cyst.
- Appropriate only for fresh unpreserved
2 WAYS specimens.
● BATTLEMENT- ZIGZAG
● LONGITUDINAL METHOD ★ PSEUDOPARASITE- FALSE PARASITE

★ NO BUBBLES IN COVER SLIP


○ Cause it can be mistaken as a parasite

★ Examine the preparations with the 10x objective

ARTIFACTS AND CONFUSERS

- Structures that closely resemble parasites but in


reality, are NOT.
- It may be a result of disease process, medications,
and/on dietary habits.

BASIC TYPES OF WET MOUNT SUBSUBSUB


● Saline ● Glass
● Iodine 1% ● Cover slip
● Buffered methylene blue/ Isosmotic brilliant cresyl blue ● Applicator Stick
with the PH 7.4 ● Dropper
○ Concentrated specimens ● 0.85% normal saline solution
● D’ Antoni or Lugol’s Iodine
● Microscope
● Pea-sized stool sample

STAINS

RORRY 1
STRUCTURES THAT RESEMBLE HELMINTH AND CESTODE EGGS

ARTIFACT PARASITE DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS OF ARTIFACTS

Plant cells Helminth and cestode eggs Breaks in cell wall or wall to thick, Lack of internal eggs structure
defined embryo, on oncosphere, Lack of characteristic operculum
spines or knobs, Size

Pollen grains Taenia species or trichuris Size, Lack of 6-hooked oncosphere; Lack of embryo wall, Shapes
trichiura eggs

Mushroom spores Taenia species or Enterobius Lack of sanitation


species eggs

STRUCTURES THAT MIMIC PROTOZOAN PARASITES

ARTIFACT PARASITE DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS OF ARTIFACTS

Polymorphonuclear Entamoeba histolytica cyst Granular or forthly cytoplasm


Leukocyte (PMN)

Macrophage E. histolytica or Entamoeba coli Ingested PMN nuclear/ cytoplasmic ratio 1:4 to 1:6
trophozoite

Squamous and columnar Amebic trophozoite other than E. Large single nucleus distinct cell border
Epithelial cells histolytica

Yeast Protozoan cyst including Cytoplasm


Cyclospora, Cryptosporidium

Starch granules Protozoan cyst it 6-19um size Round to angular

PROCEDURE

1. 1 drop of saline solution (center of the left half)


2. Drop of Lugol’s solution (center of the right half)
3. Applicator stick pick a small stool then mix with a drop saline to form suspension
4. Pick a small portion of the stool specimen and then mix with lugol’s solution to form suspension
5. Cover each drop with a cover slip by holding the cover slip.

RORRY 2

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