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    The document provides an introduction to analytical chemistry, covering topics such as the definition and importance of analytical chemistry, quantitative and qualitative analysis, classification of analytical methods, the analytical process, method validation, and important terms. It also outlines the first chapter and provides homework assignments.

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    Chapter 1

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    The document provides an introduction to analytical chemistry, covering topics such as the definition and importance of analytical chemistry, quantitative and qualitative analysis, classification of analytical methods, the analytical process, method validation, and important terms. It also outlines the first chapter and provides homework assignments.

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    The document provides an introduction to analytical chemistry, covering topics such as the definition and importance of analytical chemistry, quantitative and qualitative analysis, classification of analytical methods, the analytical process, method validation, and important terms. It also outlines the first chapter and provides homework assignments.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    20 views20 pages

    Chapter 1

    Uploaded by

    mohamedzyad7717
    The document provides an introduction to analytical chemistry, covering topics such as the definition and importance of analytical chemistry, quantitative and qualitative analysis, classification of analytical methods, the analytical process, method validation, and important terms. It also outlines the first chapter and provides homework assignments.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 20

    Introduction to

    Analytical Chemistry
    CHE 232
    Based On G. D. Christian et. al, 7 th
    Ed., 2014

    DR. IBRAHIM H. A. BADR


    PROFESSOR OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
    CHAPTER 1

    ANALYTICAL OBJECTIVES:
    WHAT ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS DO?
    Chapter Outline

    •1.1 What is analytical chemistry?


    •1.2 Classification of analytical methods
    •1.3 Getting started: The analytical process
    •1.4 Method validation
    •1.6 Some useful web sites
    •Homework assignment
    3
    1.1 What is Analytical Chemistry?

    Analytical chemistry is the science of identification of

    substances “Qualitative analysis”, determination of their

    amount “Quantitative analysis”, detection of its presence

    “Detection”, and separation of complex mixture into

    individual components “Separation science”.

    4
    Official definition

    5
    Importance of Analytical Chemistry
    Nano Social
    Science Sciences
    Medicine Agriculture

    Pharmaceutical Environmental
    Science Sciences

    Engineering
    Geology
    & Physics

    Chemistry
    Analytical Biology
    Chemistry

    6
    Importance of Analytical Chemistry: Examples
    • Chemical structure of nano-materials and
    In nano-science their concentration.

    Drugs analysis, drug industry, pharmacokinetics,


    In pharmacy and quality control .

    • Clinical analysis such assay of glucose level,


    In medicine blood electrolytes and gases help diagnose
    diseases.

    • Food analysis such as determination of the


    In food industry protein content in food.

    In Industry • Analysis of steel during production.

    In environmental
    • Measurement of gaseous pollutants such as
    protection CO, SOx and NOx. 7
    1.2 Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis

    Quantitative Analysis
    How much is Present?
    Determination of the amount of
    substance/substances in the samples

    Analytical
    Chemistry
    Qualitative Analysis
    What is present?
    Identification of elements, ions, or
    compounds in a sample
    8
    Classification of Quantitative
    Methods of Analysis
    Measuring
    mass
    Classical “Gravimetric analysis”
    Methods
    Measuring
    Quantitative volume
    Methods
    “Volumetric analysis”
    Modern
    Methods
    Property a amount
    Ex. Colour intensity
    “Colorimetry” 9
    ➢ In Volumetric Analysis:

    VReagent Concentration

    ➢ In Gravimetric Analysis:

    Massppt Concentration
    10
    Acid-Base
    HCl<>NaOH

    Precipitation
    Cl-, I-, Br- <> Ag+
    Titration Types
    Complexometric
    Ca2+, Mg2+ <> EDTA

    Oxidation-Reduction
    Fe2+ <> KMnO4
    11
    1.3 The analytical process: General steps
    in chemical analysis
    Define problem Is underground water contaminated with arsenic?

    Select a method Search literature or invent a method

    Sampling Obtain representative sample

    Involves sample dissolution, removal of interference, and


    Sample preparation
    preparing replicate samples, separation if required

    Analysis Analyze replicate samples and measure uncertainty

    Report Write a clear report including results and methods


    12
    13
    14
    1.4 Method Validation

    ✓A new method can be validated by


    comparison with another accepted standard
    method.

    ✓Certified standards and reference materials


    may be analyzed to assure accuracy of the
    method (recovery method).

    15
    1.5 Important terms

    Analyte • Is the substance measured or analyzed.

    Analyst •Person who is performing the analysis

    • Analysis of part or all constituent of


    Analyze the sample.

    Determine • The process of measuring the analyte.

    16
    Analysis
    Complete: If all constituents of the
    sample are analyzed

    Partial: If only one constituent is


    analyzed
    17
    Analyte classification according to its amount

    Major:
    > 1%
    Minor:
    0.1 -1 %
    Trace:
    < 0.1%
    Ultra trace:
    ≤ 1 ppm (0.0001%)

    18
    1.6 Some useful web sites
    ➢See pages 16 -17 for very useful web sites related
    to analytical chemistry.
    ➢Each student should visit such web sites
    occasionally during the course of studying
    analytical chemistry to deepen his/her
    understanding.

    A Chinese proverb: A picture is better than 1000 word


    19
    Homework Assignment
    Chapter 1
    1,
    2,
    3,
    4,
    &
    8 20

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