Assignment 1 - Gajila Shaira

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Statement 1: "The test scores of a class of 50 students on a math exam have an

average (mean) score of 75."


Descriptive Statistics: Descriptive statistics would involve summarizing and presenting
the data from the class of 50 students. In this case, it provides information about the
sample's central tendency (mean score of 75). Common tools for descriptive statistics
include measures like mean, median, and mode, as well as graphical representations
such as histograms and box plots to visualize the data distribution.
Inferential Statistics: Inferential statistics would be used to make inferences about a
larger population of students based on the sample of 50 students. You might use tools
like hypothesis tests (e.g., t-tests) to determine if the sample mean of 75 is significantly
different from a population mean or if there is evidence to support a specific claim about
the population.
Statement 2: "A survey of 500 smartphone users reveals that 60% of them prefer
Android phones over iPhones."
Descriptive Statistics: Descriptive statistics would involve summarizing and presenting
the survey data from the 500 smartphone users, indicating that 60% prefer Android
phones. Descriptive tools here include calculating proportions, percentages, and
creating bar charts or pie charts to represent the preferences of the surveyed
individuals.
Inferential Statistics: Inferential statistics would be used to make inferences or
predictions about the preferences of all smartphone users (the larger population) based
on the survey results. You might use tools like confidence intervals or chi-square tests to
assess whether the observed preference for Android phones in the sample is reflective
of the population as a whole and whether there is a statistically significant difference
between the preferences.
In summary, descriptive statistics are used to summarize and describe data from a
sample, often using measures of central tendency and data visualization. Inferential
statistics, on the other hand, involve making inferences or predictions about a larger
population based on sample data, often using hypothesis tests, confidence intervals,
and other statistical techniques. The choice of tools depends on the specific goals and
questions you have about the data and population of interest.

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