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Statement 1: "The test scores of a class of 50 students on a math exam have an
average (mean) score of 75."
Descriptive Statistics: Descriptive statistics would involve summarizing and presenting the data from the class of 50 students. In this case, it provides information about the sample's central tendency (mean score of 75). Common tools for descriptive statistics include measures like mean, median, and mode, as well as graphical representations such as histograms and box plots to visualize the data distribution. Inferential Statistics: Inferential statistics would be used to make inferences about a larger population of students based on the sample of 50 students. You might use tools like hypothesis tests (e.g., t-tests) to determine if the sample mean of 75 is significantly different from a population mean or if there is evidence to support a specific claim about the population. Statement 2: "A survey of 500 smartphone users reveals that 60% of them prefer Android phones over iPhones." Descriptive Statistics: Descriptive statistics would involve summarizing and presenting the survey data from the 500 smartphone users, indicating that 60% prefer Android phones. Descriptive tools here include calculating proportions, percentages, and creating bar charts or pie charts to represent the preferences of the surveyed individuals. Inferential Statistics: Inferential statistics would be used to make inferences or predictions about the preferences of all smartphone users (the larger population) based on the survey results. You might use tools like confidence intervals or chi-square tests to assess whether the observed preference for Android phones in the sample is reflective of the population as a whole and whether there is a statistically significant difference between the preferences. In summary, descriptive statistics are used to summarize and describe data from a sample, often using measures of central tendency and data visualization. Inferential statistics, on the other hand, involve making inferences or predictions about a larger population based on sample data, often using hypothesis tests, confidence intervals, and other statistical techniques. The choice of tools depends on the specific goals and questions you have about the data and population of interest.