Mark Scheme (Results)

November 2023

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

In Physics (4PH1) Paper 2P
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November 2023
Question Paper Log Number P73429A
Publications Code 4PH1_2P_MS_2311
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2023
General Marking Guidance

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must mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they
mark the last.
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 Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not
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may lie.
 There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark
scheme should be used appropriately.
 All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.
Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if
the answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also
be prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response
is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
 Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will
provide the principles by which marks will be awarded and
exemplification may be limited.
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mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must
be consulted.
 Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has
replaced it with an alternative response.
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
1 (a) all five rows correct = 3 marks row cannot score if 3
3-4 rows correct = 2 marks both boxes ticked
1-2 rows correct = 1 mark
allow any reasonable
indication other than
a tick

(b) high temperature; ignore references to 4

repulsion or
attraction
(so that) nuclei will have high(er) speed or high(er) condone particles,
{kinetic energy/KE}; atoms, molecules for
nuclei
high pressure;

plus one from:

 (so that nuclei will be) closer together / eq; e.g. closely packed
 (so that nuclei are) more likely to collide/ eq; e.g. collide more
frequently

Total for Question 1 = 7 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (a) (i) substitution OR rearrangement; 2
evaluation;

e.g.
19 = force × 0.55 OR force = moment/distance
(force =) 35 (N) allow 34.5, 34.54, etc.
-1 POT error
(ii) A (0.25 m); 1

B is incorrect because this is not a perpendicular

distance
C is incorrect because this is the distance between
weight and force F
D is incorrect because this is the distance to force
F

(b) (i) Note: no credit for 3

repeating question I.e.
CoG is closer to support
A
force X has the shorter distance to the CoG; condone reference to
force A
accept ‘weight’ for CoG
allow RA
moments of two forces must be equal/eq; i.e. (total) clockwise
moment = (total) anti-
clockwise moment

so force X must be larger; DOP on either

(ii) any three from: 3

force X decreases;

force Y increases;

change by the same amount; allow idea of change

with distance is linear
total force remains the same;

Total for Question 2 = 9 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
3 (a) any five from: 6

MP1. idea of mass of water = [mass of water and accept zeroing

cup] − [mass of cup]; balance with cup
present
MP2. mass found on balance; condone ‘weighing
scales’ or ‘scales’
reject ‘scale’
allow ‘measure
volume of water with
a measuring cylinder
and multiply volume
by density to find
mass’ for MP1 and
MP2
MP3. time measured on timer/stopwatch/stopclock; accept idea of a fixed
amount of time
MP4. idea of finding temperature change; e.g. temp change =
final temp − initial
temp
accept idea of a
defined temperature
change I.e. stop
heating after a temp
change of 20 degrees
MP5. energy supplied = voltmeter reading × accept E = VIt
ammeter reading × time; accept use of
joulemeter
MP6. whole experiment repeated and averaged; i.e. get several values
of c
MP7. water stirred (throughout);
MP8. keep taking temperature after heater switched
off for max temp;
MP9. plot a graph of temperature against time;
MP10. find gradient of temperature-time graph;

and one from:

MP11. use of equation "gradient = power of heater /
m × c” or re-arrangement;
MP12. rearrangement of formula sheet equation;
i.e. c = energy supplied/(m × temp change)
(b) (i) substitution into given formula; 3
rearrangement;
evaluation; -1 POT error

e.g.
54 000 = 0.56 × c × 22
c = 54 000 / 0.56 × 22
(c =) 4400 (J/kg °C) allow 4383…
allow any reasonable
rounding
ignore rounding error
after 3sf

(ii) any two from: ignore references to 2

KE or sound
MP1. heating of beaker/heating of thermometer; allow idea of ‘heat
goes to
beaker/thermometer’
MP2. heating of surroundings/heating of insulation; allow idea of ‘heat
going to surroundings
or insulaton’

MP3. insulation not perfect; e.g. insulation

conducts or radiates

MP4. hole(s) in lid for thermometer/heater leave gaps; allow idea of heat
‘escaping’ through lid
or via evaporation

Total for Question 3 = 11 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
4 (a) substitution into given formula; ignore units 3
rearrangement;
evaluation;
2 marks max. if time
not converted correctly
to seconds e.g. 40 (J),
2400 (J)
e.g.
16 = energy / 2.5 (× 3600)
energy = 16 × 2.5 (× 3600)
(energy =) 140 000 (J) allow 144 000 (J)

2.5 × 60 × 60 or 9000
seen for 1 mark if no
other mark awarded
(b) any six from: 6

MP1. it steps up or steps down the voltage; allow “increases”,

“decreases” or
“changes”
MP2. current in (primary) coil produces magnetic
field;
MP3. current is changing/alternating;
MP4. causing a (changing) magnetic field in the e.g. making the core
core; magnetised
MP5. the core strengthens the magnetic field; allow “concentrates”
for “strengthens”
MP6. idea that iron is a soft magnetic material I.e.
can gain and lose its magnetism easily
MP7. field lines interact with (secondary) coil; idea of core linking the
two coils with magnetic
field
MP8. which induces a voltage in the secondary condone “induces a
coil; current”
MP9. transformer won’t work with (steady) d.c.; ignore idea of “works
with a.c.” repetition of
stem

(c) less turns (on the primary coil) / eq; ignore any reference to 1
secondary
ignore references to
increasing current,
power or voltage of the
primary coil
condone ‘coils’ for
‘turns’

Total for Question 4 = 10 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (a) 423 (K); allow 423.15 (K), 1
423.16(K)

(b) (i) B and D only; both required 1

(ii) particles closer together in solid; accept RA 2

ignore motion
references
may be shown in a
clear, titled diagram

particles have fixed or regular arrangement in may be shown in a

solid but irregular in gas; clear, titled diagram

(iii) kinetic energy stays constant / eq; 3

and any two from:
 temperature stays constant (during state
change);
 (average) speed of particles does not
change;
 (kelvin) temperature is (directly)
proportional to (average) kinetic energy
of particles;

Total for Question 5 = 7 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 (a) idea that (total) momentum before = (total) ignore ‘momentum is 1
momentum after (event); conserved’

(b) (i) zero/0/nought/nothing; 1

(ii) recall of momentum = mass × velocity; allow standard symbols 3

e.g. p = m × v
substitution;
evaluation; -1 POT error

e.g.
p = mv
p = 2.6 × 10−8 × 26 000
p = 6.8 × 10−4 (kg m/s) allow 6.76 × 10−4

(iii) 6.8 × 10−4 (kg m/s); allow ecf from (ii) 2

right;

(iv) substitution into ‘F=ma’; ignore units 4

rearrangement;
evaluation; −1 for POT error
answer given to 2s.f.; independent mark

e.g.
2.6 (×10−3)= 1.2 × acceleration
acceleration 2.6 (×10−3) / 1.2
(acceleration =) 2.16… × 10−3 (m/s2)
(acceleration =) 2.2 × 10−3 (m/s2)

(c) any two from: ignore idea of simple 2

yes/no
MP1. idea of tiny amount of fuel ‘consumed’ per
second;
MP2. any attempt of calculation of time to run out
of xenon seen;
MP3. correct calculation of 7.575... × 106 s; accept 88 or 87.68..
days, 2104 hours, 1.26..
× 105 minutes , 12.5..
weeks, 0.24... years
MP4. idea that ‘burn’ is for a long time;
MP5. idea that low acceleration for long time
gives high speed change;
MP6. mass of spacecraft will be larger so
acceleration is even smaller;

Total for Question 6 = 13 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
7 (a) microphone; 1

(b) (i) determination of number of squares for one period; allow 5.2 − 5.5 squares 2

use of timebase to determine appropriate period in ‘5 x 0.002’ or ‘0.01’

seconds; scores 1
‘8 x 0.002’ or ‘0.016’
scores 1
accept 0.0104 − 0.0110 (s)
for 2 marks

e.g.
period = 8/1.5 = 5.3 squares
period = (5.3 × 0.002 =) 0.011(s)

(ii) use of f = 1 / T to evaluate frequency; allow ecf from (i) 1

e.g.
frequency = (1 / 0.011 =) 91 (Hz) allow 90.9-96.2 (Hz)

(c) (i) energy (transferred) = charge × voltage; allow rearrangements and 1

standard symbols e.g
E=Q×V
allow W for energy
ignore C for charge

(ii) amplitude of signal in volts determined; 3

evaluation of effective voltage; ecf amplitude in volts
evaluation of energy transferred; reject 6.3 × 10−5 / √2

-1 POT error
e.g.
amplitude = 2 squares × 5 = 10 V
effective voltage = 10 / √2 = 7.1 V
energy transferred = (7.1 × 6.3 × 10−5 =) 4.5 × 10−4 (J) allow
4.4 × 10−4 − 4.5 × 10−4 (J)
8.9... × 10−4 scores 2

Total for Question 7 = 8 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
8 (a) X at 3 o’clock position on orbit by eye; any indicative mark 1
within a star’s radius of
the correct position

(b) difference in wavelength: 11 (nm); 4

all substitutions correct in formula; allow ecf from clear
incorrect change in
wavelength
rearrangement;
evaluation; -1 POT error
5.88 × 106 scores 3
marks (wrong lab
wavelength)
e.g.
∆λ = 561 − 550 = 11 (nm)
11/550 = v / 3.0 × 108 ignore references to
v = 11/550 × 3.0 × 108 direction
(v =) 6.0 × 106 (m/s)

Total for Question 8 = 5 marks

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